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Tyagi M, Singal A. Nail cosmetics: What a dermatologist should know! Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 0:1-8. [PMID: 37317711 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_77_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nail cosmetics industry is growing at an enormous rate globally due to a surge in nail care all around the world. Various nail cosmetics are available, such as nail polish along with its variants like shellacs, finishes, artificial nails, adornments, and nail polish removers. Nail cosmetics serve aesthetic as well as therapeutic purposes, with the end result being smooth, attractive nails. Nail grooming procedures have evolved from a basic manicure to many other advanced procedures like gel nails, nail tattooing, etc. Although a majority of nail cosmetics are considered safe, they may have potential complications, including allergic and irritant reactions, infections, and mechanical effects. The majority of the procedures related to nail enhancement are not performed by dermatologists but by beauticians with inadequate or no knowledge of the nail's anatomy and functions. The hygiene at the so-called nail-salons/beauty parlours is not standardized, leading to acute complications like paronychia and nail dystrophy following matrix injury. The use of nail cosmetics has become widespread, making it essential for dermatologists to be aware of the nail care products, aesthetic procedures pertaining to nails, and related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Tyagi
- Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singal
- Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
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Abstract
Many ingredients found within nail cosmetic products are capable of sensitizing patients’ immune systems and causing contact dermatitis (CD). These include but are not limited to tosylamide, (meth)acrylates, and formaldehyde. A clear temporal relationship between nail cosmetic procedures and an eczematous outbreak on the hands, face, or other ectopic body regions can be a key indicator of CD secondary to nail cosmetic exposure. Once an inciting allergen is identified through patch testing, elimination and avoidance becomes a mainstay of treatment alongside the use of emollients and topical anti-inflammatory therapies. Patients should be counselled to approach future nail cosmetic products and procedures with caution and careful attention to ingredients, regardless of whether or not it has a “hypoallergenic” label.
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Fan G, Jiang C, Wu P, Zou Y, Tan Y. Evaluation and detection of early nail damage caused by nail enamel. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3464-3468. [PMID: 34783156 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many nail cosmetics have components that are considered irritants or allergens. Due to the current clinical assessment limitations, it is often too late to identify nail enamel hazards until they cause disease. Thus, it is essential to investigate effective methods of detecting minor changes and early lesions in nails before they worsen. OBJECTIVES To provide a reliable method to investigate and evaluate nail enamel hazards on nails earlier using ultrasonic equipment. METHODS Eighty-three volunteers with smooth, lustrous nails were enrolled after being clinically examined. The thumbnails and middle nails were evaluated before and after using nail enamel for 2 weeks. Nail health was then assessed using three methods: clinical evaluation, nail surface image analysis, and an ultrasonic device. RESULTS Using clinical diagnostic and imaging methods for analyzing the nail surface showed no visible differences before and after using nail enamel for 2 weeks. However, there was a significant difference in the nails' depth and density (p < 0.001). The depth had increased 10% for thumbnails (about 20 μm), and the density had decreased by 3.0%. As for middle nails, the depth had increased by 9.4% (about 19 μm), and the density had decreased by 3.0%. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that nail enamel can significantly irritate hyperplasia and decrease the density of the nails, but detecting that slow process of pathological changes cannot currently be assessed by conventional clinical evaluation and image analysis. Thus, our study provided a practical novel approach for evaluating these visually imperceptible nail changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobiao Fan
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changing Jiang
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilan Wu
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Saleah SA, Kim P, Seong D, Wijesinghe RE, Jeon M, Kim J. A preliminary study of post-progressive nail-art effects on in vivo nail plate using optical coherence tomography-based intensity profiling assessment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:666. [PMID: 33436674 PMCID: PMC7804019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nail beautification is a widely applied gender independent practice. Excessive nail beautifications and nail-arts have a direct impact on the nail structure and can cause nail disorders. Therefore, the assessment of post-progressive nail-art effects on the nail is essential to maintain optimal nail health and to avoid any undesirable disorders. In this study, in vivo nails were examined in control stage, with a nail-art stage, and after removing the nail-art stage using a 1310 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system. The acquired cross-sectional OCT images were analyzed by a laboratory customized signal processing algorithm to obtain scattered intensity profiling assessments that could reveal the effects of nail beautification on the nail plate. The formation and progression of cracks on the nail plate surface were detected as an effect of nail beautification after 72 h of nail-art removal. Changes in backscattered light intensity and nail plate thickness of control and art-removed nails were quantitatively compared. The results revealed the potential feasibility of the developed OCT-based inspection procedure to diagnose post-progressive nail-art effects on in vivo nail plate, which can be helpful to prevent nail plate damages during art removal through real-time monitoring of the boundary between the nail plate and nail-art. Besides nail-art effects, the developed method can also be used for the investigation of nail plate abnormalities by examining the inconsistency of internal and external nail plate structure, which can be diagnosed with both qualitative and quantitative assessments from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sm Abu Saleah
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Pilun Kim
- grid.464630.30000 0001 0696 9566Production Engineering Research Institute, LG Electronics, 17790, 222 LG-ro Jinwi-myeon, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Daewoon Seong
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- grid.267198.30000 0001 1091 4496Department of Materials and Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, 10200 Sri Lanka
| | - Mansik Jeon
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
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Chessa MA, Iorizzo M, Richert B, López-Estebaranz JL, Rigopoulos D, Tosti A, Gupta AK, Di Chiacchio N, Di Chiacchio NG, Rubin AI, Baran R, Lipner SR, Daniel R, Chiheb S, Grover C, Starace M, Piraccini BM. Pathogenesis, Clinical Signs and Treatment Recommendations in Brittle Nails: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:15-27. [PMID: 31749091 PMCID: PMC6994568 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nail plate brittleness (or fragility) is a common complaint affecting up to 20% of the population, especially women over 50 years of age, with fingernail fragility being more prevalent than toenail fragility. Nail brittleness is characterized by nails that split, flake and crumble, become soft and lose elasticity. The main clinical presentations are: onychoschizia, onychorrhexis, superficial granulation of keratin and worn-down nails. According to causative factors, we can distinguish 2 forms of nail fragility (NF): a primary "idiopathic or brittle nail syndrome" form and NF secondary to different causes such as inflammatory nail disorders, infections, systemic diseases and general conditions, traumas and alteration of the nail hydration. Optimal management requires treatment of the primary cause of brittle nails, when possible. In idiopathic NF oral supplementation, vitamins (especially biotin, also known as vitamin B7), trace elements and amino acids (especially cysteine) have been reported to be useful. In addition, several products, such as topical moisturizers and lacquers could be considered to restructure the affected nail plate and to reduce psychological impacts of this common problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Chessa
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Iorizzo
- Private Dermatology Practice, Bellinzona/Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Saint Pierre - Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aditya K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canada and Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | - Nilton Di Chiacchio
- Dermatology Clinic - Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton G Di Chiacchio
- Dermatology Clinic - Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dermatology Discipline - Faculade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Adam I Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Daniel
- University of Mississippi, Medical Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumya Chiheb
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chander Grover
- University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Michela Starace
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca M Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Perugini P, Sacchi S, Musitelli G. Nail StrainStress Meter NM 100: A novel in vivo method to characterize biomechanical properties of nails. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:422-430. [PMID: 31802538 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, nail care products are extremely important both in medical and cosmetic fields. Actually, there are only a very few "in vivo" methods to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of nail products. METHODS The new apparatus, based on a recently patented technology, is developed for the "in vivo" evaluation of nails in terms of thickness, structural firmness, flattening, and bending properties. The device analyzes nails by an "in vivo" non-invasive methodology in a timely way and with high accuracy. The assessment of the resistance to compression measures the cohesion of the nail matrix (nail firmness), while the evaluation of the resistance to transversal deformation detects the elasticity of the nail plate. Furthermore, the apparatus is able to assess the nail thickness and the flexibility of their distal edge. RESULTS The instrument provides nail thickness and several parameters reflecting mechanical properties of nail plate: Viscoelasticity expressed as viscoelasticity index (VI), structural strength/ firmness expressed as Firmness Index (FI), and viscoelasticity of the distal edge expressed as Bending Index (BI). CONCLUSIONS The instruments described in this work represent an innovative apparatus for the safety and efficacy evaluation of nail products in several fields: cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perugini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,EticHub s.r.l., Academic Spin-off, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sacchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Dinani N, George S. Nail cosmetics: a dermatological perspective. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:599-605. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Dinani
- Dermatology Department Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Brighton UK
| | - S. George
- Dermatology Department Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Brighton UK
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Abstract
Cosmetic embellishment of fingernails involves the use of substance that harden either after the evaporation of solvents (varnishes) or after polymerisation (artificial acrylic nails, gel tips, glue-on artificial nails). Pathological reactions to cosmetics usually occur at a remote site for varnishes, and, most commonly, in situ with polymerising substances. Unvarnished artificial nails do not affect pulse oximetry readings, and in theory, patients are not required to remove them. However, a real problem of contamination via artificial nails exists. Increased carriage of pathological Gram-negative organisms and of Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts has been noted among nursing staff wearing artificial nails, both before and after fingernail cleaning. Fingernail fragility manifests itself through a number of different physical signs such as soft, breaking nails, with longitudinal or transverse fissures, showing distal doubling or friability. In some subjects, excessive manicuring with metal instruments or manicure sticks results in rolled onycholysis, of evocative appearance, or transverse onycholysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baran
- Centre de diagnostic et traitement des maladies des ongles, 42, rue des Serbes, 06400 Cannes, France.
| | | | - J André
- Département interhospitalier de dermatologie, CHU Brugmann-HUDERF, CHU Saint-Pierre, 322, rue Haute, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgique
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10
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Abstract
Background: With the increasing use of nail paints, nail art, acetone, repeated manicures, cosmetic nail procedures and detergents, the nail plate undergoes regular damage resulting in rough, lusterless and pigmented nails. Besides that onychomycosis, nail lichen planus, nail pitting and ridging due to various diseases also cause cosmetically disfiguring nails. Objective: The study is directed toward use of 70% glycolic acid for controlled keratolysis of the nail-plate, resulting that could result in shinier, smoother and brighter nails. Materials and Methods: A prospective single-center open-label uncontrolled study of 31 patients, 22 with dry, rough, discolored nails and 9 with hyperkeratotic nails were included in the study group. After examination and ruling out any infection, petroleum jelly was applied on the cuticle margins of the nails for protection and 70% glycolic acid was applied over the nail plate for 45 minutes. In dry rough discolored nails, only a single sitting was done while in hyper-keratotic nail conditions multiple weekly sittings were done. Results: In 22 patients with dry rough nails, 80% showed good improvement, 10% showed average improvement, whereas 10% were non-responsive. Nine patients with thickened nail plate showed good improvement in 60% average improvement in 25% improvement and 15% were non-responsive, after multiple sessions. Conclusion: Controlled keratolysis of the nail plate with application of 70% glycolic acid can be a promising treatment for modality for thick, uneven, rough and pigmented nail-plate conditions with cosmetically pleasing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Banga
- Department of Dermatologist, ARV Aesthetics Skin and Laser Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Patel
- Department of Dermatologist, ARV Aesthetics Skin and Laser Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Abstract
The use of nail care products and procedures to beautify and groom the nails is extremely common. Unfortunately, when improperly used, nail cosmetics can lead to nail diseases, such as paronychia, onycholysis, and brittle nails. Understanding the pathophysiology behind these conditions is an essential step toward better treatment and future prevention allowing patients to enjoy nail adornments while maintaining healthy nails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J Dahdah
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, IP 12th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
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