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Moreira RC, Leonardi GR, Bicas JL. Lipase-mediated alcoholysis for in situ production of ester bioaromas in licuri oil for cosmetic applications. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:25-33. [PMID: 38876312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioaromas can be produced by lipases either through their hydrolytic or (trans)esterifying activities. Therefore, this work reports the development of a lipase-catalyzed biotransformed licuri oil, forming volatile ethyl esters with odor notes resembling tropical fruits. Ethyl octanoate formation was promoted when 7.0 % (m/v) Lipozyme 435® was used to convert a grain alcohol:licuri oil mixture (51:49, v/v) at 58ºC and 70 rpm for 6 hours. The biotransformed oil has shown antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus hominis, S. epidermidis, and Corynebacterium xerosis, bacteria associated with bad skin odor. Finally, this biotransformed oil was used without further treatments (e.g., recovery or purification procedures) to prepare two cosmetic formulations (in a dosage of 1.5 %), aiming for both fragrant and deodorant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chelala Moreira
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- University of Campinas, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Candido Portinari Street, 200, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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2
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Claudia Salanță L, Corina Fărcaş A, Borșa A, Rodica Pop C. Current strategies for the management of valuable compounds from hops waste for a circular economy. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100876. [PMID: 37780312 PMCID: PMC10534220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
World beer production generates large volumes of waste discharged with every brew. Recently, new methods of reducing and reusing hops waste: hot trub (HT), and brewer-spent hops (BSH) are being exploited to improve the circular economy processes. This review outlines the current achievements in the management of hops waste. Following an in-depth review of various scientific publications, current strategies are discussed as a sustainable alternative to food waste exploitation and an inexpensive source of valuable compounds. Moreover, key aspects concerning the nutritional value of hops waste and the potential to enhance the functional properties of food and beverages are highlighted. Due to their nutritional composition, hops residues may be used as prospective sources of added-value co-products or additives for food enrichment, especially for products rich in fat, or as a new source of vegetable protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Claudia Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaş
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Borșa
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Rodica Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Teerasumran P, Velliou E, Bai S, Cai Q. Deodorants and antiperspirants: New trends in their active agents and testing methods. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:426-443. [PMID: 36896776 PMCID: PMC10946881 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Sweating is the human body's thermoregulation system but also results in unpleasant body odour which can diminish the self-confidence of people. There has been continued research in finding solutions to reduce both sweating and body odour. Sweating is a result of increased sweat flow and malodour results from certain bacteria and ecological factors such as eating habits. Research on deodorant development focuses on inhibiting the growth of malodour-forming bacteria using antimicrobial agents, whereas research on antiperspirant synthesis focuses on technologies reducing the sweat flow, which not only reduces body odour but also improves people's appearance. Antiperspirant's technology is based on the use of aluminium salts which can form a gel plug at sweat pores, obstructing the sweat fluid from arising onto the skin surface. In this paper, we perform a systematic review on the recent progress in the development of novel antiperspirant and deodorant active ingredients that are alcohol-free, paraben-free, and naturally derived. Several studies have been reported on the alternative class of actives that can potentially be used for antiperspirant and body odour treatment including deodorizing fabric, bacterial, and plant extracts. However, a significant challenge is to understand how the gel-plugs of antiperspirant actives are formed in sweat pores and how to deliver long-lasting antiperspirant and deodorant benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweenuch Teerasumran
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and DiseaseUCL‐Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceCharles Bell House, 43‐45 Foley Street, FitzroviaLondonW1W 7TYUK
- The State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and DiseaseUCL‐Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceCharles Bell House, 43‐45 Foley Street, FitzroviaLondonW1W 7TYUK
| | - Shuo Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Qiong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUK
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Fajdek-Bieda A, Wróblewska A, Miądlicki P, Konstanciak A. Conversion of Geraniol into Useful Value-Added Products in the Presence of Catalysts of Natural Origin: Diatomite and Alum. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072449. [PMID: 35407782 PMCID: PMC9000025 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article presents research related to the transformation of geraniol (GA), leading to the formation of products with very valuable properties. In the planned method, heterogeneous catalysts of natural origin in the form of alum and diatomite were used as catalysts. Initially, the process which we investigated was the process of isomerization of GA, but it turned out during the studies that GA is also transformed in other reactions. Before catalytic tests, these two minerals were subjected to detailed instrumental analyses using the following methods: XRD, SEM/EDX, XRF and FTIR, which allowed to obtain their full morphological characteristics. During the catalytic tests, the influence of such relevant parameters on the GA transformations was determined: temperature from 80 to 150 °C, catalyst content from 5 to 15% by weight and the reaction time from 15 min to 24 h. The tests presented in the article were carried out under atmospheric pressure (in air) as well as without the use of a solvent. The optimal conditions for the transformations of GA were determined on the basis of its conversion and selectivities of transformation to the main products in the form of: beta-pinene (BP), 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene-1-ol (DC) and thumbergol (TH). The above products were formed with the highest selectivity, respectively: 100 mol%, 50 mol% and 52 mol%. The results of the syntheses showed that for GA the best transformation results were obtained at the temperature of 80 °C (for both tested catalysts), with the catalyst content of 1 wt % (for both tested catalysts) and for the reaction time of 1 h (for diatomite)) and 3 h (for alum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fajdek-Bieda
- Technical Department, Jacob of Paradies University, Chopina 52, 66-400 Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Wróblewska
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Piotr Miądlicki
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Konstanciak
- Technical Department, Jacob of Paradies University, Chopina 52, 66-400 Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (A.K.)
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Sun S, Wang X, Yuan A, Liu J, Li Z, Xie D, Zhang H, Luo W, Xu H, Liu J, Nie C, Zhang H. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of hops (
Humulus lupulus L
.) and their effects on beer‐related microorganisms. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Sun
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Ai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Zebin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Dongxiao Xie
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- Global Leaders College Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hengyuan Xu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jinshang Liu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Cong Nie
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
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Evaluation of Deodorizing Effects of Saccharina japonica in 10-Month-Old ICR Mice Using a Novel Odor Marker Associated with Aging. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1410144. [PMID: 35186094 PMCID: PMC8849934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1410144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential deodorizing effects of Saccharina japonica have been evaluated by determining their deodorizing performance, but they are yet to be validated in experimental animals. The deodorizing effects of S. japonica were examined in an animal model using a novel odor marker associated with aging by comparing the concentration of odor component in urine obtained from two- and 10-month-old ICR mice using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the changes in the trimethylamine (TMA) concentration, ammonia level, and structure of sweat gland were determined after exposing 10-month-old ICR mice to 70% ethanol extract of S. japonica (EESJ) for four weeks. In vitro analysis was performed to confirm the composition of EESJ with respect to the total flavonoid contents (TFC, 28.6 ± 2.5 mg/g), total polyphenol contents (TPC, 107.3 ± 8.9 mg/g), and total condensed tannin contents (TTC, 65.7 ± 5.2 mg/g) contents, as well as to the deodorizing performance to ammonia and acetic acid (91.2 ± 7.8% and 54.8 ± 6.3%, respectively). In vivo analysis revealed TMA to be the novel odor marker associated with aging among the 19 odor components evaluated, considering the higher concentration in the urine of 10-month-old ICR mice. The peak area of TMA on the gas chromatogram was significantly lower in the 10-month-old ICR mice treated with EESJ than in the two-month-old mice. A similar decrease was observed in the level of ammonia obtained from the dirty bedding of the EESJ-treated group. Moreover, tissues obtained from the mouse foot of the group exposed to EESJ showed a dose-dependent decrease in the gland tube number of sweat glands and the TMA dehydrogenase transcription level. Overall, these results provide novel evidence that the administration of EESJ helps reduce the body TMA and ammonia concentrations, resulting in reduced odor and a decrease in the number of sweat glands and the expression of TMA dehydrogenase in the ICR mouse feet.
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7
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Zhang G, Zhang N, Yang A, Huang J, Ren X, Xian M, Zou H. Hop bitter acids: resources, biosynthesis, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4343-4356. [PMID: 34021813 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diversified members of hop bitter acids (α- and β-acids) have been found in hop (Humulus lupulus). Mixtures of hop bitter acids have been traditionally applied in brewing and food industries as bitterness flavors or food additives. Recent studies have discovered novel applications of hop bitter acids and their derivatives in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. The increasing demands of purified hop bitter acid promoted biosynthesis efforts for the heterologous biosynthesis of objective hop bitter acids by engineered microbial factories. In this study, the updated information of hop bitter acids and their representative application in brewing, food, and medicine fields are reviewed. We also speculate future trends on the development of robust microbial cell factories and biotechnologies for the biosynthesis of hop bitter acids. KEY POINTS: • Structures and applications of hop bitter acids are summarized in this study. • Biosynthesis of hop bitter acids remains challenging. • We discuss potential strategies in the microbial production of hop bitter acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Anran Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xueni Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huibin Zou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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8
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Yang G, Nie C, Zhang H, Sun S, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu H, Liu J. The tolerance of brewing-related microorganisms to isomerized hop products and the effect on beer stability and quality. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Biological and Chemical Processes that Lead to Textile Malodour Development. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111709. [PMID: 33142874 PMCID: PMC7692034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of malodour on clothing is a well-known problem with social, economic and ecological consequences. Many people still think malodour is the result of a lack of hygiene, which causes social stigma and embarrassment. Clothing is washed more frequently due to odour formation or even discarded when permastink develops. The malodour formation process is impacted by many variables and processes throughout the textile lifecycle. The contact with the skin with consequent transfer of microorganisms, volatiles and odour precursors leads to the formation of a distinctive textile microbiome and volatilome. The washing and drying processes further shape the textile microbiome and impact malodour formation. These processes are impacted by interindividual differences and fabric type as well. This review describes the current knowledge on the volatilome and microbiome of the skin, textile and washing machine, the multiple factors that determine malodour formation on textiles and points out what information is still missing.
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Ellis JC, Ross RP, Hill C. Nisin Z and lacticin 3147 improve efficacy of antibiotics against clinically significant bacteria. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1573-1587. [PMID: 32019322 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine if bacteriocins improve antibiotic efficacy. Materials & methods: Deferred antagonism assays identified bacteriocins with activity. Growth curves and time kill assays demonstrated bactericidal activity of antimicrobial combinations, and checkerboard assays confirmed synergy. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected porcine skin model determined ex vivo efficacy. Results: Subinhibitory concentrations of lacticin with penicillin or vancomycin resulted in complete growth inhibition of strains and the improved inhibitory effect was apparent after 1 h. Nisin with methicillin proved more effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus than either antimicrobial alone, revealing partial synergy and significantly reduced pathogen numbers on porcine skin after 3 h compared with minimal inhibition for either antimicrobial alone. Conclusion: Nisin Z and lacticin 3147 may support the use of certain antibiotics and revive ineffective antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reynolds P Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
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11
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Soultanov VS, Kraeva LA. Antibacterial Activity of Conifer Green Needle Complex Against Corynebacteria. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19900611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, preservatives have been used in cosmetic products to minimize bacterial contamination. Some opportunistic Corynebacterium spp. have become resistant to these preservatives and other alternatives are required. A potential candidate is Conifer Green Needle Complex (CGNC), a pharmaceutical-grade complex substance from the green verdure of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies with antibacterial, antimycotic, and antitrichomonal activity. The susceptibility of Corynebacterium xerosis and Corynebacterium flavescens to CGNC (3.5, 7, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, and 500 mg/mL) was evaluated using broth dilution and agar methods. The antibacterial effect of CGNC was also evaluated after exposure for 30 minutes and 1, 3, and 24 hours at concentrations of 0, 3.5, 7, 30, 125, and 500 mg/mL. Corynebacteria xerosis was inhibited when exposed to low levels of CGNC (1560 mg/mL), whereas an antibacterial effect on C. flavescens was observed at slightly higher levels (60 and 125 mg/mL). CGNC also inhibited the growth of C. xerosis and C. flavescens at various incubation time points. The most prominent effect was observed after 24 hours where all growth was inhibited at all concentrations. However, CGNC inhibited or decreased the growth of Corynebacterium spp. even at lower exposure times. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that CGNC is an effective bactericidal agent against C. xerosis and C. flavescens isolated from clinical samples and may have potential as an alternative to preservatives currently used in cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagif S. Soultanov
- Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Russia
- Prenolica Limited, South Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Hop Extract Acts as an Antioxidant with Antimicrobial Effects against Propionibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus Aureus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020223. [PMID: 30634461 PMCID: PMC6359372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne is associated with hyperkeratosis, elevated levels of skin sebum and growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, P. acnes promotes inflammation by inducing IL-6 production and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of a hop-CO2-extract with 50% humulone and lupulone. The susceptibility of P. acnes and S. aureus to the hop extract was tested by using the broth microdilution technique. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for P. acnes and S. aureus were 3.1 and 9.4 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the hop extract showed an antioxidative effect with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 29.43 µg/mL as well as additional anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the IL-6 expression (IC50: 0.8 µg/mL). In addition, a gel formulation with 0.3% hop extract (w/w) had antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. aureus (inhibition zone value: 5.5 mm and 3 mm, respectively) which was significantly superior to the placebo gel. The positive control (a gel with the antibiotic clindamycin) showed an inhibition zone of 9 mm. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects hop extract might be a treatment option for acne-prone skin.
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Bogdanova K, Kolar M, Langova K, Dusek M, Mikyska A, Bostikova V, Bostik P, Olsovska J. Inhibitory effect of hop fractions against Gram-positive multi-resistant bacteria. A pilot study. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 162:276-283. [PMID: 29790489 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our research focused on the antimicrobial effects of purified hop (Humulus lupulus L.) fractions including α-bitter acids (humulones), β-bitter acids (lupulones) and xanthohumol, and a commercial CO2 hop extract of bitter acids against reference and multi-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against selected yeast strains. METHODS In vitro testing of antimicrobial activity was performed according to standard testing protocols (EUCAST). The effects of hop extracts on bacterial/yeast strains at concentrations below MICs were also determined and the antimicrobial potential of hop extracts was compared with selected antibiotics using optical density measurement. RESULTS The fractions were effective not only against reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria but, more importantly, against their methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant variants. No antimicrobial effect was detected against Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among the tested substances, xanthohumol was identified as the hop fraction with the most potent antimicrobial properties. It was also found that hop substances exerted their antimicrobial effects at concentrations considerably lower than the determined MICs, with the strongest effect in case of α-bitter acids in enterococci. CONCLUSION The search for and research of new compounds with antimicrobial properties represents a possible solution to the current global problem of bacterial resistance. Our data suggest a desirable activity of hop fractions against some multi-resistant bacterial strains. Thus, hops might find use as a source of potential antimicrobial agents applicable in both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Bogdanova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Langova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dusek
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, PLC, Lipova 15, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Mikyska
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, PLC, Lipova 15, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vanda Bostikova
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bostik
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Olsovska
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, PLC, Lipova 15, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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McManus K, Wood A, Wright MH, Matthews B, Greene AC, Cock IE. Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. Extracts inhibit the growth of body odour-forming bacteria. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:500-510. [PMID: 28488331 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Terminalia ferdinandiana extracts are potent growth inhibitors of many bacterial pathogens. They may also inhibit the growth of malodour-producing bacteria and thus be useful deodorant components, although this is yet to be tested. METHODS Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit and leaf solvent extracts were investigated by disc diffusion and liquid dilution MIC assays against the most significant bacterial contributors to axillary and plantar malodour formation. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Non-targeted HPLC separation of the methanolic leaf extract coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy was used for the identification and characterization of individual components in the extract. RESULTS The T. ferdinandiana leaf extracts were the most potent bacterial growth inhibitors. The leaf methanolic extract was particularly potent, with low MIC values against C. jeikeium (233 μg mL-1 ), S. epidermidis (220 μg mL-1 ), P. acnes (625 μg mL-1 ) and B. linens (523 μg mL-1 ). The aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extracts were also potent growth inhibitors of C. jeikeium and S. epidermidis (MICs < 1000 μg mL-1 ). In comparison, the fruit extracts were substantially less potent antibacterial agents, although still with MIC values indicative of moderate growth inhibitory activity. All T. ferdinandiana leaf extracts were non-toxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. Non-biased phytochemical analysis of the methanolic leaf extract revealed the presence of high levels of and high diversity of tannins and high levels of the flavone luteolin. CONCLUSION The low toxicity of the T. ferdinandiana leaf extracts and their potent growth inhibition of axillary and plantar malodour-producing bacteria indicate their potential as deodorant components.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McManus
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, 4111, Australia
| | - A Wood
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, 4111, Australia
| | - M H Wright
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - B Matthews
- Smartwaters Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - A C Greene
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, 4111, Australia
| | - I E Cock
- School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, 4111, Australia.,Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, 4111, Australia
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16
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Stephenson RE, Gutierrez D, Peters C, Nichols M, Boles BR. Elucidation of bacteria found in car interiors and strategies to reduce the presence of potential pathogens. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:337-46. [PMID: 24564823 PMCID: PMC3962071 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.873418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is influenced by a number of factors, including environmental exposure to microbes. Because many humans spend a large amount of time in built environments, it can be expected that the microbial ecology of these environments will influence the human microbiome. In an attempt to further understand the microbial ecology of built environments, the microbiota of car interiors was analyzed using culture dependent and culture independent methods. While it was found that the number and type of bacteria varied widely among the cars and sites tested, Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium were nearly always the dominant genera found at the locations sampled. Because Staphylococcus is of particular concern to human health, the characteristics of this genus found in car interiors were investigated. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and S. warnerii were the most prevalent staphylococcal species found, and 22.6% of S. aureus strains isolated from shared community vehicles were resistant to methicillin. The reduction in the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in cars by using silver-based antimicrobial surface coatings was also evaluated. Coatings containing 5% silver ion additives were applied to steering wheels, placed in cars for five months and were found to eliminate the presence of culturable pathogenic bacteria recovered from these sites relative to controls. Together, these results provide new insight into the microbiota found in an important built environment, the automobile, and potential strategies for controlling the presence of human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Stephenson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cindy Peters
- Materials Research Department, Ford Motor Company Dearborn, MI 48121, USA
| | - Mark Nichols
- Materials Research Department, Ford Motor Company Dearborn, MI 48121, USA
| | - Blaise R. Boles
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Chen W, Becker T, Qian F, Ring J. Beer and beer compounds: physiological effects on skin health. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:142-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK CARE); Munich Germany
| | - T. Becker
- Brewing and Beverage Technology; Department of Life Science Engineering; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising Germany
| | - F. Qian
- Brewing and Beverage Technology; Department of Life Science Engineering; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising Germany
| | - J. Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK CARE); Munich Germany
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18
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Abstract
Body malodour, including foot odour, suppresses social interaction by diminishing self-confidence and accelerating damage to the wearer's clothes and shoes. Most treatment agents, including aluminium anti-perspirant salts, inhibit the growth of malodourous bacteria. These metallic salts also reduce sweat by blocking the excretory ducts of sweat glands, minimizing the water source that supports bacterial growth. However, there are some drawback effects that limit the use of aluminium anti-perspirant salts. In addition, over-the-counter anti-perspirant and deodourant products may not be sufficiently effective for heavy sweaters, and strong malodour producers. Body odour treatment agents are rarely mentioned in the literature compared with other cosmetic ingredients. This review briefly summarizes the relationship among sweat, skin bacteria, and body odour; describes how odourous acids, thiols, and steroids are formed; and discusses the active ingredients, including metallic salts and herbs, that are used to treat body odour. A new class of ingredients that function by regulating the release of malodourants will also be described. These ingredients do not alter the balance of the skin flora.
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