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Konda SM, Woodward JA. A Comprehensive Review of Use of Neurotoxins for Periocular Rejuvenation. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2024; 64:51-59. [PMID: 38910505 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
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2
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Borba A, Matayoshi S, Rodrigues M. Avoiding Complications on the Upper Face Treatment With Botulinum Toxin: A Practical Guide. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:385-394. [PMID: 34341857 PMCID: PMC8328485 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are the most commonly performed non-invasive procedure for rejuvenation on the upper face. The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin has generally been safe and well tolerated. Adverse effects are considered mild, transient, and self-limited. However, as with all other injectable procedures, this one is also susceptible to adverse events and complications. When the safety zones are respected, the chance of any of these complications is practically null. Thus, this review aims to describe the main complications of treatment with BoNT on the upper face and to present a practical guide based on current evidence on how to avoid them. METHODS The literature research considered published journal articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and reference lists of respective articles. RESULTS The main complications secondary to BoNT injections on the upper face are: ptosis of eyelid or eyebrow, eyebrow asymmetry, diplopia, Lakeophthalmos, Palpebral ectropion, and prominence of the palpebral bags. To avoid such complications, it is necessary to have knowledge of the anatomy of this region and adequate and individualized planning based on the existing patterns of the frontalis muscle, glabella, and crow's feet. This review presents the specificities of each of these regions and practical suggestions to obtain satisfactory results, avoiding complications. CONCLUSION Particularly on the upper face treatment with BoNT offers predictable results, has few adverse effects, and is associated with high patient satisfaction. However, it is suggested that the commented parameters and safety areas be incorporated into daily practice so that the possibilities of complications are minimized as much as possible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- André Borba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Oculoplastic, University of São Paulo Medical School, 255 Eneas Aguiar Street Office 4079, São Paulo, Zipcode 05403000 Brazil
| | - Suzana Matayoshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Oculoplastic, University of São Paulo Medical School, 255 Eneas Aguiar Street Office 4079, São Paulo, Zipcode 05403000 Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Mato Grosso State University, Tancredo Neves Avenue 1095, Cáceres, Mato Grosso 78200000 Brazil
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3
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Patil A, Kassir M, Wollina U, Goldust M. [New botulinum toxins for aesthetic dermatology : A comprehensive review]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:393-402. [PMID: 33822278 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Facial rejuvenation is gaining immense popularity among patients and clinicians. Botulinum toxins derived from bacteria are well-tolerated options as minimally invasive interventions for facial rejuvenation or other aesthetic procedures. These products have revolutionized aesthetic treatments. Several types of botulinum toxins (BoNT) are available. Currently type A and B are clinically used and only BoNT‑A products are approved for use for cosmetic indications in the Germany and the United States. Each product is unique in terms of its composition. Understanding the various BoNT‑A products is essential in choosing the optimal treatment for our patients. In this article we discuss different BoNT‑A products used for aesthetic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - M Kassir
- Worldwide Laser Institute, Dallas, USA
| | - U Wollina
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Goldust
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
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4
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Lapa T, Mandavia R, Gentile R. Botulinum Toxin for the Head and Neck: a Review of Common Uses and Recent Trends. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-020-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Fallahi HR, Keyhan SO, Zandian D, Sabzian R. A mini review on the common methods of pain reduction before filler and botulinum toxin injection. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:566-569. [PMID: 31490624 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the desire for beauty and youthful appearance has increased in recent years, cosmetic injections are getting more attention. However, patients discomfort during these injections is a challenging issue. AIM This review explores common approaches to reduce pain and discomfort during cosmetic injections through the available literature. METHODS The eligible studies through searching in PubMed have been entered to evaluate the common methods of pain reduction for cosmetic injections. RESULTS According to reviewed studies, vibration, local anesthesia, and vapocoolant anesthesia are common methods applied in order to reduce pain and discomfort in patients. All of these methods are able to reduce pain through their affects on neuron fibers. CONCLUSION It seems that all common approaches can result in some amount of pain reduction. Using a combination of these methods during injections, practitioners can successfully reduce the pain of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Fallahi
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Research institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied Omid Keyhan
- National Advance center for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Regenerative medicine and stem cell research network, Shahaid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dana Zandian
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Research institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sabzian
- Dental Students Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rasaii S, Sohrabian N, Gianfaldoni S, Hadibarhaghtalab M, Pazyar N, Bakhshaeekia A, Lotti T, Ramirez-Pacheco LA, Lange CS, Matta J, Seifi V, Ramirez-Fort MK, Feily A. Intralesional triamcinolone alone or in combination with botulinium toxin A is ineffective for the treatment of formed keloid scar: A double blind controlled pilot study. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12781. [PMID: 30422367 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous injury can ignite excessive fibroproliferative growth that results in keloid formation. Keloids are associated with significant morbidity related to disfigurement and/or symptoms (e.g., pain and pruritus). First-line treatment of formed keloids involves topical or intralesional steroids. Recurrent or resistant keloids are managed by surgical excision or cryotherapy, followed by steroidal application or adjuvant irradiation. Although adjuvant irradiation appears to be most efficacious, alternative therapeutic options are needed for patients without access to radiation centers. Botulinum Toxin A (BTA) appears to have similar inhibitory effects to irradiation on the cell cycle via downregulation of pathogenic cytokines. Herein, we conducted a study to compare the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone used alone, or in combination with BTA, in the treatment of formed keloid scars. Twenty patients with a cumulative of 40 keloids completed the study. There was no significant difference between treatment arms with respect to height vascularization, pliability, and pigmentation scores. The addition of BTA resulted in significant symptomatic improvement of pain and pruritus as compared to intralesional triamcinolone alone (p < 0.001). Irradiation is only effective when administered in the adjuvant setting where inhibitory effects on cell cycle and migration are optimized. Future studies with intralesional triamcinolone and BTA should be performed adjuvantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rasaii
- Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasibe Sohrabian
- Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Nader Pazyar
- Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Torello Lotti
- Dermatology, University G. Marconi of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Christopher S Lange
- Radiation Oncology, State University Hospital of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jaime Matta
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Vahid Seifi
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Feily
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Qaqish
- Private Practice, San Diego Surgical Arts, 10672 Wexford Street, Suite 270, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
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Zhang DZ, Liu XY, Xiao WL, Xu YX. Botulinum Toxin Type A and the Prevention of Hypertrophic Scars on the Maxillofacial Area and Neck: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151627. [PMID: 26985661 PMCID: PMC4795777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficiency of therapeutic botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the prevention of maxillofacial and neck scars. Methods and Findings Information came from the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE (time was ended by August 31, 2015) to retrieve RCTs evaluating the effect of the BTX-A for hypertrophic scar on the maxillofacial or neck. All languages were included as long as they met the inclusion criteria. Here the effects of BTX-A were evaluated by comparing the width of the scar, patient satisfaction, and the visual analysis scores (VAS), respectively. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs), pooled odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Nine RCTs covering a total of 539 patients were included. A statistically significant difference in scar width was identified between the BTX-A group and control group (non-BTX-A used) (WMD = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.68 to -0.14, P = 0.003). A statistically significant difference in patient satisfaction was observed between the BTX-A group and control group (OR = 25.76, 95% CI = 2.58 to 256.67, P = 0.006). And in patients regarding visual analysis scores (VAS), a statistically significant difference was also observed between the BTX-A group and control group (WMD = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.60, P < 0.00001). Conclusions This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of the BTX-A and confirms that BTX-A is a suitable potential therapy for the prevention of hypertrophic scars in patients in the maxillofacial and neck areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-zun Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine of Shandong Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiao-ya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine of Shandong Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wen-lin Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine of Shandong Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yao-xiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Erickson BP, Lee WW, Cohen J, Grunebaum LD. The role of neurotoxins in the periorbital and midfacial areas. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2016; 23:243-55. [PMID: 25921574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Initially popularized for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm, injection of botulinum neurotoxin has become the most commonly performed cosmetic treatment in the United States. Injection techniques have been particularly well-studied in the midface and periocular region, and patient satisfaction tends to be very high. We review the salient differences among available neurotoxins, how to optimally reconstitute them, how to inject the forehead, glabella, lateral canthal lines ("crow's feet"), infralid region, and transverse nasal lines ("bunny lines"), how to sculpt the brow, and how to manage potential complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Erickson
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Wendy W Lee
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology and Dermatology Oculofacial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Orbit and Oncology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joel Cohen
- AboutSkin Dermatology, 499 East Hamden Avenue, Suite 450, Englewood, CO 80113, USA
| | - Lisa D Grunebaum
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Kim YS, Lee HJ, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Early postoperative treatment of thyroidectomy scars using botulinum toxin: A split-scar, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:605-12. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Sung Kim
- Kimbelle Catholic Skin Clinic; Daejeon Korea
- Korean Academy of Corrective Dermatology; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeong Deuk Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Korean Academy of Corrective Dermatology; Seoul Korea
- Department of Dermatology; Incheon St. Mary's Hospital; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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van Oordt T, Stevens GB, Vashist SK, Zengerle R, von Stetten F. Rapid and highly sensitive luciferase reporter assay for the automated detection of botulinum toxin in the centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk platform. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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