1
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Mistry H, Richardson CD, Higginbottom A, Ashford B, Ahamed SU, Moore Z, Matthews FE, Brayne C, Simpson JE, Wharton SB. Relationships of brain cholesterol and cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes to Alzheimer's pathology and dementia in the CFAS population-derived neuropathology cohort. Neurosci Res 2024; 204:22-33. [PMID: 38278219 PMCID: PMC11192635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Altered cholesterol metabolism is implicated in brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease. We examined whether key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism and levels of brain cholesterol are altered in dementia and Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC). Temporal cortex (n = 99) was obtained from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Expression of the cholesterol biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and its regulator, SREBP2, were detected using immunohistochemistry. Expression of HMGCR, SREBP2, CYP46A1 and ABCA1 were quantified by qPCR in samples enriched for astrocyte and neuronal RNA following laser-capture microdissection. Total cortical cholesterol was measured using the Amplex Red assay. HMGCR and SREBP2 proteins were predominantly expressed in pyramidal neurones, and in glia. Neuronal HMGCR did not vary with ADNC, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation or dementia status. Expression of HMGCR neuronal mRNA decreased with ADNC (p = 0.022) and increased with neuronal DNA damage (p = 0.049), whilst SREBP2 increased with ADNC (p = 0.005). High or moderate tertiles for cholesterol levels were associated with increased dementia risk (OR 1.44, 1.58). APOE ε4 allele was not associated with cortical cholesterol levels. ADNC is associated with gene expression changes that may impair cholesterol biosynthesis in neurones but not astrocytes, whilst levels of cortical cholesterol show a weak relationship to dementia status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mistry
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Bridget Ashford
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Saif U Ahamed
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Zoe Moore
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK.
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2
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Salgado B, Izquierdo B, Zapata A, Sastre I, Kristen H, Terreros J, Mejías V, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J. Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38786010 PMCID: PMC11117519 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, a crucial component of cell membranes, influences various biological processes, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and host-pathogen interactions. Disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to congenital and acquired conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research from our group has demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) induces an AD-like phenotype in several cell models of infection. This study explores the interplay between cholesterol and HSV-1-induced neurodegeneration. The impact of cholesterol was determined by modulating its levels with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) using the neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and N2a. We have found that HSV-1 infection triggers the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in structures resembling endolysosomal/autophagic compartments, a process reversible upon MβCD treatment. Moreover, MβCD exhibits inhibitory effects at various stages of HSV-1 infection, underscoring the importance of cellular cholesterol levels, not only in the viral entry process but also in subsequent post-entry stages. MβCD also alleviated several features of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by viral infection, including lysosomal impairment and intracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. In conclusion, these findings highlight the connection between cholesterol, neurodegeneration, and HSV-1 infection, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Izquierdo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Zapata
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Kristen
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Mejías
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Guardiola M, Muntané G, Martínez I, Martorell L, Girona J, Ibarretxe D, Plana N, Bullido MJ, Vilella E, Ribalta J. Metabolic Overlap between Alzheimer's Disease and Metabolic Syndrome Identifies the PVRL2 Gene as a New Modulator of Diabetic Dyslipidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087415. [PMID: 37108578 PMCID: PMC10139078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share metabolic alterations such as abnormal insulin and lipid metabolism and have some common genetic factors such as APOE genotype. Taking this into account, we hypothesized that we could identify common genetic factors involved in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. METHODOLOGY We first genotyped 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with AD in a cohort composed of 330 patients with cognitive impairment (CI) to assess their association with plasma lipids. Second, we conducted pleiotropy-informed conjunctional false discovery rate (FDR) analysis designed to identify shared variants between AD and plasma lipid levels. Finally, we used the SNPs to be found associated with lipid parameters and AD to search for associations with lipoprotein parameters in 281 patients with cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS Five SNPs were significantly associated with lower levels of cholesterol transported in remnant lipoprotein particles (RLPc) in subjects with CI; among these SNPs was the rs73572039 variant in PVRL2. Stratified QQ-plots were conducted on GWAS designed for AD and triglycerides (TG). The cross-trait analysis resulted in a total of 22 independent genomic loci associated with both AD and TG levels with a conjFDR < 0.05. Among these loci, two pleiotropic variants were located in PVRL2 (rs12978931 and rs11667640). The three SNPs in PVRL2 were significantly associated with RLPc, TG, and number of circulating VLDL and HDL particles in subjects with cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS We have identified three variants in PVRL2 that predispose individuals to AD that also influence the lipid profile that confers cardiovascular risk in T2DM subjects. PVRL2 is a potential new modulating factor of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Guardiola
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, 43206 Reus, Spain
- Genètica i Ambient en Psiquiatria, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Martínez
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, 43206 Reus, Spain
- Genètica i Ambient en Psiquiatria, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Plana
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, 43206 Reus, Spain
- Genètica i Ambient en Psiquiatria, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Prata C, Freschi M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S. Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders and Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Agrifood By-Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010094. [PMID: 36670956 PMCID: PMC9854890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive loss in selected areas of the nervous system, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide due to an aging population. Despite their diverse clinical manifestations, neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial disorders with standard features and mechanisms such as abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. As there are no effective treatments to counteract neurodegenerative diseases, increasing interest has been directed to the potential neuroprotective activities of plant-derived compounds found abundantly in food and in agrifood by-products. Food waste has an extremely negative impact on the environment, and recycling is needed to promote their disposal and overcome this problem. Many studies have been carried out to develop green and effective strategies to extract bioactive compounds from food by-products, such as peel, leaves, seeds, bran, kernel, pomace, and oil cake, and to investigate their biological activity. In this review, we focused on the potential neuroprotective activity of agrifood wastes obtained by common products widely produced and consumed in Italy, such as grapes, coffee, tomatoes, olives, chestnuts, onions, apples, and pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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5
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Martín-Montes A, Recuero M, Sastre I, Vilella E, Rosich-Estragó M, Atienza M, Cantero JL, Frank-García A, Bullido MJ. Cholesterol dysregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 373:577996. [PMID: 36334319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and the immune system are involved in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To investigate the relations among them, we compared the cholesterol content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of cognitively healthy controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in two independent samples. Free cholesterol content of PBMC was lower in MCI and AD patients, and was modulated by APOE genotype. A decrease of CD8+ and an increase of CD16+ was also found in AD patients. These results suggest that cholesterol levels in PBMCs may represent an early signature of the disease and support the involvement of immune system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martín-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Recuero
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Centro de investigación biomédica en red en salud mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosich-Estragó
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Centro de investigación biomédica en red en salud mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Atienza
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - J L Cantero
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - A Frank-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Bullido
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Zhang L, Yu X, Wu Y, Fu H, Xu P, Zheng Y, Wen L, Yang X, Zhang F, Hu M, Wang H, Liu X, Qiao J, Peng C, Gao R, Saffery R, Fu Y, Qi H, Tong C, Kilby MD, Baker PN. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Hyperglycemia Impairs Glucose Transporter 3 Trafficking in Trophoblasts Through the Downregulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722024. [PMID: 34796169 PMCID: PMC8593042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism, and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) is an efficient glucose transporter in trophoblasts. Whether placental AMPK and GLUT3 respond accordingly to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains uncertain. Here, we explored the regulatory role of AMPK in the GLUT3-dependent uptake of glucose by placental trophoblasts and the viability of the cells. In this study, the level of glycolysis in normal and GDM-complicated placentas was assessed by LC-MS/MS. The trophoblast hyperglycemia model was induced by the incubation of HTR8/SVneo cells with a high glucose concentration. GDM animal models were generated with db/ + mice and C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet, and AMPK was manipulated by the oral administration of metformin. The uptake of glucose by trophoblasts was assessed using 2-NBDG or 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose. The results showed that GDM is associated with impaired glycolysis, AMPK activity, GLUT3 expression in the plasma membrane (PM) and cell survival in the placenta. Hyperglycemia induced similar changes in trophoblasts, and these changes were rescued by AMPK activation. Both hyperglycemic db/ + and high-fat diet-induced GDM mice exhibited a compromised AMPK–GLUT3 axis and suppressed cell viability in the placenta as well as excessive fetal growth, and all of these effects were partially alleviated by metformin. Taken together, our findings support the notion that AMPK activation upregulates trophoblast glucose uptake by stimulating GLUT3 translocation, which is beneficial for viability. Thus, the modulation of glucose metabolism in trophoblasts by targeting AMPK might ameliorate the adverse intrauterine environment caused by GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yangxi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fumei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiyao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Paediatrics, Cancer, Disease and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Baker
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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7
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Matrix metalloproteinase 14 regulates HSV-1 infection in neuroblastoma cells. Antiviral Res 2021; 192:105116. [PMID: 34107282 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that chronic or latent infection of the central nervous system might be implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has emerged as a major factor in the etiology of the disease. Our group is devoted to the study of the relationship among HSV-1, oxidative stress (OS) and neurodegeneration. We have found that HSV-1 induces the main neuropathological hallmarks of AD, including the accumulation of intracellular amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein and autophagic vesicles, that OS exacerbates these effects, and that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) participates in the alterations induced by OS. In this work, we focused on the role of MMP-14 in the degenerative markers raised by HSV-1 infection. Interestingly, we found that MMP-14 blockage is a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 infection efficiency, that also reduces the degeneration markers, accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, induced by the virus. Our results point to MMP-14 as a potent antiviral target to control HSV-1 infection and its associated neurodegenerative effects.
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8
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LAMP2 deficiency attenuates the neurodegeneration markers induced by HSV-1 infection. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105032. [PMID: 33781848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a major role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection has emerged as a major factor in the etiology of AD. HSV-1 is able to induce some of the main alterations of the disease such as hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide. Functional genomic analysis of a cell model of HSV-1 infection and oxidative stress developed in our laboratory revealed lysosomal system to be the main pathway altered, and the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) gene one of the most strongly modulated genes. The aim of this work is to study LAMP2 as an AD candidate gene and to investigate its role in the neurodegeneration induced by HSV-1 using a LAMP2 knockdown cell model. LAMP2 deficiency led to a significant reduction of viral DNA replication and formation of infectious particles. In addition, tau hyperphosphorylation and inhibition of Aβ secretion induced by the virus were attenuated by the absence of LAMP2. Finally, genetic association studies revealed LAMP2 genetic variants to be associated with AD risk. In summary, our data indicate that LAMP2 could be a suitable candidate to mediate the AD-like phenotype caused by HSV-1.
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9
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Mediates APP Proteolysis and Lysosomal Alterations Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Neuronal Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5917187. [PMID: 33282112 PMCID: PMC7685830 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5917187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have described noncanonical pathways of APP processing that seem partly executed by lysosomal enzymes. Our laboratory's in vitro human SK-N-MC model has shown that oxidative stress (OS) alters the lysosomal degradation pathway and the processing/metabolism of APP. The present study identifies the lysosomal protein matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) as a protease involved in the APP noncanonical processing. Previous expression analyses of the above cells showed MMP14 to be overexpressed under OS. In the present work, its role in changes in OS-induced APP proteolysis and lysosomal load was examined. The results show that MMP14 mediates the accumulation of an ≈85 kDa N-terminal APP fragment and increases the lysosome load induced by OS. These results were validated in neurons and neural progenitor cells generated from the induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with sporadic AD, reinforcing the idea that MMP14 may offer a therapeutic target in this disease.
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10
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Pro-Aging Effects of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090839. [PMID: 32911634 PMCID: PMC7555004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence process is the result of a series of factors that start from the genetic constitution interacting with epigenetic modifications induced by endogenous and environmental causes and that lead to a progressive deterioration at the cellular and functional levels. One of the main causes of aging is oxidative stress deriving from the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and their scavenging through antioxidants. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activities produce uric acid, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which all may be relevant to such equilibrium. This review analyzes XOR activity through in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical reports, which highlight the pro-aging effects of XOR products. However, XOR activity contributes to a regular level of ROS and RNS, which appears essential for the proper functioning of many physiological pathways. This discourages the use of therapies with XOR inhibitors, unless symptomatic hyperuricemia is present.
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11
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Bagheri F, Rashedi V. Simultaneous exposure to noise and carbon monoxide increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a literature review. Med Gas Res 2020; 10:85-90. [PMID: 32541134 PMCID: PMC7885712 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.285562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome of cognitive and functional decline, commonly occurring in later life as a result of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular processes beginning earlier in the life course. An excess of free radicals has an essential role in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. This paper aims to review the effects of noise and carbon monoxide as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease as well as the role of free radicals in the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Articles included in this review were identified through a search of the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the search terms Alzheimer's disease, dementia, noise, reactive oxygen species, and Carbon Monoxide. The literature search was restricted to the years 1982 to 2020 and articles published in the English language. The metabolism rate of the body is very high when exposed to noise and carbon monoxide; this leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress conditions. Oxidative stress has an essential role in the mechanisms concerned in Alzheimer's disease. In addition to the consequences of noise and a chemical substance on the auditory system, they also have non-auditory effects that affect the brain and induced neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Bagheri
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Llorente P, Kristen H, Sastre I, Toledano-Zaragoza A, Aldudo J, Recuero M, Bullido MJ. A Free Radical-Generating System Regulates Amyloid Oligomers: Involvement of Cathepsin B. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1397-1408. [PMID: 30400084 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ), a major component of senile plaques, is generated via the proteolysis of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). This cleavage also produces AβPP fragment-derived oligomers which can be highly neurotoxic. AβPP metabolism/processing is affected by many factors, one of which is oxidative stress (OS). Associated with aging, OS is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the protein degradation systems, especially those involving cathepsins, are impaired in aging brains. Moreover, cathepsin B (CTSB) is a cysteine protease with potentially specific roles in AβPP proteolysis (β-secretase activity) and Aβ clearance (Aβ degradative activity). The present work examines the effect of OS and the involvement of CTSB in amyloid oligomer formation. The xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X-XOD) free radical generating system induced the partial inhibition of CTSB activity, which was accompanied by an increase in large amyloid oligomers. These were located throughout the cytosol and in endo-lysosomal vesicles. Cells treated with the CTSB inhibitor CA-074Me also showed increased amyloid oligomer levels, whereas those subjected to OS in the presence of the inhibitor showed no such increase. However, CTSB inhibition clearly modulated the AβPP metabolism/processing induced by X-XOD, as revealed by the increase in intracellular AβPP and secreted α-secretase-cleaved soluble AβPP. The present results suggest that CTSB participates in the changes of amyloid oligomer induced by mild OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Llorente
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Kristen
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Toledano-Zaragoza
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Recuero
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Profiling of Alzheimer’s disease related genes in mild to moderate vitamin D hypovitaminosis. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:123-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Kristen H, Sastre I, Muñoz-Galdeano T, Recuero M, Aldudo J, Bullido MJ. The lysosome system is severely impaired in a cellular model of neurodegeneration induced by HSV-1 and oxidative stress. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 68:5-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Cao L, Wang HF, Tan L, Sun FR, Tan MS, Tan CC, Jiang T, Yu JT, Tan L. Effect of HMGCR genetic variation on neuroimaging biomarkers in healthy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease cohorts. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13319-27. [PMID: 26950278 PMCID: PMC4924644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a considerable public health issue. The mechanisms underlying AD onset and progression remain largely unclear. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is a strong functional AD candidate gene because it encodes part of the statin-binding domain of the enzyme, which serves as the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis in all mammalian cells. Here, we evaluated the potential role of HMGCR (rs3846662) in AD-related pathology by assessing neuroimaging biomarkers. We enrolled in 812 subjects from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. In general, it is possible that HMGCR (rs3846662) could be involved in preventing the atrophy of right entorhinal (P=0.03385) and left hippocampus (P=0.01839) in the follow-up research of two years. What's more, it lowered the drop rate of glucose metabolism in right temporal. We then further validated them in the AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), normal control (NC) sub-groups. All the results in the MCI groups confirmed the association. The results of our study indicated that HMGCR (rs3846662) plays a vital role in AD pathology mainly by influencing brain structure and glucose metabolism during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Rong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Simpson JE, Ince PG, Minett T, Matthews FE, Heath PR, Shaw PJ, Goodall E, Garwood CJ, Ratcliffe LE, Brayne C, Rattray M, Wharton SB. Neuronal DNA damage response-associated dysregulation of signalling pathways and cholesterol metabolism at the earliest stages of Alzheimer-type pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 42:167-79. [PMID: 26095650 PMCID: PMC5102584 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims Oxidative damage and an associated DNA damage response (DDR) are evident in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that neuronal dysfunction resulting from oxidative DNA damage may account for some of the cognitive impairment not fully explained by Alzheimer‐type pathology. Methods Frontal cortex (Braak stage 0–II) was obtained from the Medical Research Council's Cognitive Function and Ageing Study cohort. Neurones were isolated from eight cases (four high and four low DDR) by laser capture microdissection and changes in the transcriptome identified by microarray analysis. Results Two thousand three hundred seventy‐eight genes were significantly differentially expressed (1690 up‐regulated, 688 down‐regulated, P < 0.001) in cases with a high neuronal DDR. Functional grouping identified dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, insulin and Wnt signalling, and up‐regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Candidate genes were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol associated with neuronal DDR across all Braak stages (rs = 0.30, P = 0.03). Conclusions A persistent neuronal DDR may result in increased cholesterol biosynthesis, impaired insulin and Wnt signalling, and increased GSK3β, thereby contributing to neuronal dysfunction independent of Alzheimer‐type pathology in the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thais Minett
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily Goodall
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura E Ratcliffe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Oxidative stress enhances neurodegeneration markers induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in human neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75842. [PMID: 24124518 PMCID: PMC3790872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous work from our laboratory has shown HSV-1 infection to induce the most important pathological hallmarks of AD brains. Oxidative damage is one of the earliest events of AD and is thought to play a crucial role in the onset and development of the disease. Indeed, many studies show the biomarkers of oxidative stress to be elevated in AD brains. In the present work the combined effects of HSV-1 infection and oxidative stress on Aβ levels and autophagy (neurodegeneration markers characteristic of AD) were investigated. Oxidative stress significantly potentiated the accumulation of intracellular Aβ mediated by HSV-1 infection, and further inhibited its secretion to the extracellular medium. It also triggered the accumulation of autophagic compartments without increasing the degradation of long-lived proteins, and enhanced the inhibition of the autophagic flux induced by HSV-1. These effects of oxidative stress were not due to enhanced virus replication. Together, these results suggest that HSV-1 infection and oxidative damage interact to promote the neurodegeneration events seen in AD.
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18
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He S, Wang F, Ning Z, Yang B, Wang Y. Preparation of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) protein hydrolysates with high free radical-scavenging activity using endogenous and commercial enzymes. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2013; 20:567-78. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013213496418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anchovy protein hydrolysates with high free radical-scavenging activity were prepared by endogenous and commercial enzymes. Various hydrolytic factors (commercial protease composition, protease concentration, temperature, and reaction time) were optimized. Using a single-factor experiment, three commercial proteases (Protamex, Flavourzyme 500 MG, and Alcalase 2.4 L) were selected for further optimization using a simplex lattice design. The optimum composition of Protamex:Flavourzyme 500 MG:Alcalase 2.4 L was found to be 1.1:1.0:0.9. The hydrolytic conditions (commercial protease concentration, temperature, and reaction time) for the optimum protease composition were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimum hydrolytic conditions were as follows: total commercial protease concentration of 3.27%, pH of 7.5, temperature of 55.4℃, and reaction time of 2.7 h. Under these conditions, hydrolysate with a 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl scavenging activity of 84.7% was obtained. Meanwhile, a degree of hydrolysis of 33.2% and high protein nitrogen recovery of 87.5% were achieved. The amino acid composition of the hydrolysates demonstrated that they have high nutritional value, thereby suggesting that the hydrolysates have potential to be used as raw material for functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silian He
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fanghua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Ning
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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19
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Mazargui H, Lévêque C, Bartnik D, Fantini J, Gouget T, Melone MAB, Funke SA, Willbold D, Perrone L. A synthetic amino acid substitution of Tyr10 in Aβ peptide sequence yields a dominant negative variant in amyloidogenesis. Aging Cell 2012; 11:530-41. [PMID: 22385841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, and age is the major nongenetic risk factor for sporadic AD. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid in the brain, which is composed mainly of the amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in the form of oligomers and fibrils. However, how aging induces Aβ aggregation is not yet fully determined. Some residues in the Aβ sequence seem to promote Aβ-induced toxicity in association with age-dependent risk factors for AD, such as (i) increased GM1 brain membrane content, (ii) altered lipid domain in brain membrane, (iii) oxidative stress. However, the role of Aβ sequence in promoting aggregation following interaction with the plasma membrane is not yet demonstrated. As Tyr10 is implicated in the induction of oxidative stress and stabilization of Aβ aggregation, we substituted Tyr 10 with a synthetic amino acid that abolishes Aβ-induced oxidative stress and shows an accelerated interaction with GM1. This variant peptide shows impaired aggregation properties and increased affinity for GM1. It has a dominant negative effect on amyloidogenesis in vitro, in cellulo, and in isolated synaptosomes. The present study shed new light in the understanding of Aβ-membrane interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. It demonstrates the relevance of Aβ sequence in (i) Aβ-membrane interaction, underlining the role of age-dependent enhanced GM1 content in promoting Aβ aggregation, (ii) Aβ aggregation, and (iii) Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Our results open the way for the design of peptides aimed to inhibit Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity.
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20
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The Complexity of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: The Role of RAGE as Therapeutic Target to Promote Neuroprotection by Inhibiting Neurovascular Dysfunction. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:734956. [PMID: 22482078 PMCID: PMC3310161 DOI: 10.1155/2012/734956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are prominent pathological features of AD. Aging and age-dependent oxidative stress are the major nongenetic risk factors for AD. The beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the major component of plaques, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are key activators of plaque-associated cellular dysfunction. Aβ and AGEs bind to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which transmits the signal from RAGE via redox-sensitive pathways to nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). RAGE-mediated signaling is an important contributor to neurodegeneration in AD. We will summarize the current knowledge and ongoing studies on RAGE function in AD. We will also present evidence for a novel pathway induced by RAGE in AD, which leads to the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), providing further evidence that pharmacological inhibition of RAGE will promote neuroprotection by blocking neurovascular dysfunction in AD.
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21
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Enciu AM, Constantinescu SN, Popescu LM, Mureşanu DF, Popescu BO. Neurobiology of vascular dementia. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:401604. [PMID: 21876809 PMCID: PMC3160011 DOI: 10.4061/2011/401604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia is, in its current conceptual form, a distinct type of dementia with a spectrum of specific clinical and pathophysiological features. However, in a very large majority of cases, these alterations occur in an already aged brain, characterized by a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for different neurodegenerative diseases. The cell signaling defects and molecular dyshomeostasis might lead to neuronal malfunction prior to the death of neurons and the alteration of neuronal networks. In the present paper, we explore some of the molecular mechanisms underlying brain malfunction triggered by cerebrovascular disease and risk factors. We suggest that, in the age of genetic investigation and molecular diagnosis, the concept of vascular dementia needs a new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Enciu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide attenuates oxidative stress induced by d-galactose in mouse brain. Life Sci 2011; 88:713-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A free radical-generating system regulates APP metabolism/processing. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4611-8. [PMID: 20965178 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a risk factor in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, is intimately associated with aging. We previously reported that the X-XOD free radical generating system acts as a modulator of lipid metabolism and a mild inducer of apoptotic death. Using the same cell model, the present study examines the metabolism/processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Prior to inducing cell death, X-XOD promoted the secretion of α-secretase-cleaved soluble APP (sAPPα) and increased the level of APP carboxy-terminal fragments produced by α and γ secretase (αCTF and γCTF/AICD). In contrast, it reduced the activity of β-secretase and the level of secreted Aβ. The present results indicate that mild oxidative stress maintained throughout culturing regulates APP metabolism/processing in SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells.
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A functional polymorphism in the HMGCR promoter affects transcriptional activity but not the risk for Alzheimer disease in Swedish populations. Brain Res 2010; 1344:185-91. [PMID: 20450896 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Variations in genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis have been reported to modify the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). To date there have been few investigations into variations in genes directly involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and AD. We investigated the influence of the -911C>A polymorphism (rs3761740) in the hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene promoter on basal and regulated transcription, plasma cholesterol levels and the association with AD. Under in vitro conditions the A allele was found to be significantly more responsive to SREBP-2 mediated regulation than the C allele. In an age and sex matched case-control study, the genotype distribution and allele frequency of this polymorphism were not associated with AD (OR=1.03; 95% CI=0.72-1.48). However, we did find evidence supporting an interaction between the HMGCR A allele, the APOE E4 allele and an altered risk of AD (OR=2.41; 95% CI=0.93-6.22).
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Ong WY, Kim JH, He X, Chen P, Farooqui AA, Jenner AM. Changes in brain cholesterol metabolome after excitotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 41:299-313. [PMID: 20140539 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity due to excess stimulation of glutamate receptors in neurons is accompanied by increased Ca(2+) influx, stimulation of Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes, ATP depletion, increase in lipid peroxidation products, and loss of glutathione. These changes resemble neurochemical alterations in acute neuronal injury (stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Intracerebroventricular injection of the potent glutamate analog kainate in rats results in increased cholesterol concentration in the hippocampus at short to medium time intervals, i.e., 3 days-1 week post-injection, as detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the lesioned hippocampus. This is accompanied by an early increase in levels of cholesterol biosynthetic precursors and increases in both enzymatically derived oxysterols such as 24-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) generated by reactive oxygen species, including cholesterol epoxides and 7-ketocholesterol. In contrast to COPs, no change in concentration of the neurosteroid pregnenolone was found after KA injury. Cholesterol and COPs significantly increase exocytosis in cultured PC12 cells and neurons, and both oxysterols and COPs are able to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic injuries in different cell types, including neurons. Together, the findings suggest that increased cholesterol and COPs after KA excitotoxicity could themselves lead to disturbed neuronal ion homeostasis, increased neurotransmitter release, and propagation of excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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Insulin Action in the Brain and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. DIABETES, INSULIN AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04300-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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