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Stark LR, Kruger PB, Rucker FJ, Swanson WH, Schmidt N, Hardy C, Rutman H, Borgovan T, Burke S, Badar M, Shah R. Potential signal to accommodation from the Stiles-Crawford effect and ocular monochromatic aberrations. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2009; 56:2203-2216. [PMID: 20835401 PMCID: PMC2934758 DOI: 10.1080/09500340903184295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine if cues within the blurred retinal image due to the Stiles-Crawford (SC) effect and the eye's monochromatic aberrations can drive accommodation with a small pupil (3 mm) that is typical of bright photopic conditions.The foveal, psychophysical SC function (17 min arc) and ocular monochromatic aberrations were measured in 21 visually normal adults. The retinal image of a 10.2 min arc disc was simulated for spherical defocus levels of -1 D, 0 D and +1 D in each of four conditions consisting of combinations of the presence or absence of the individual SC function and monochromatic aberrations with a 3 mm pupil. Accommodation was recorded in eleven participants as each viewed the simulations through a 0.75-mm pinhole.The SC effect alone did not provide a significant cue to accommodation. Monochromatic aberrations provided a statistically significant but rather small cue to monocular accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R. Stark
- School of Optometry, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Southern California College of Optometry, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Philip B. Kruger
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Frances J. Rucker
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - William H. Swanson
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Nathan Schmidt
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin Hardy
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Hadassa Rutman
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Theodore Borgovan
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Sean Burke
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Mustanser Badar
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Raj Shah
- State University of New York State College of Optometry, Manhattan, NY, USA
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Rosenfield M, Ciuffreda KJ, Hung GK, Gilmartin B. Tonic accommodation: a review. II. Accommodative adaptation and clinical aspects. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1994; 14:265-77. [PMID: 7970741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1994.tb00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Part I of this review considered basic aspects of tonic accommodation (TA), i.e. the accommodative response observed under degraded stimulus conditions. Part II considers accommodative adaptation, i.e. the apparent change in TA following periods of sustained fixation, and clinical aspects of both baseline TA and accommodative adaptation. It is suggested that the apparent post-task shift in TA reflects the slow rate of decay of the stimulus-mediated adaptive accommodative response, while the actual level of tonic innervation to the ciliary muscle remains relatively constant. The clinical implications of both TA and accommodative adaptation are discussed with regard to night, space and instrument myopia and refractive error development, notably nearwork-induced myopia. It is concluded that the evidence for any association between this form of myopia and either TA or accommodative adaptation is equivocal, and furthermore it seems likely that TA plays only a minor role in influencing the closed-loop steady-state accommodative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenfield
- Department of Vision Sciences, State University of New York/State College of Optometry, NY 10010
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