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Kármán B, Szekeres Á, Papp G. Interventions for acceptance and inclusion of people with intellectual disability: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:641-654. [PMID: 34918869 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is limited due to a high prevalence of prejudice towards this population. We reviewed studies to identify the most effective intervention methods that focus on acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A literature review was conducted using several databases-EBSCO, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search resulted in 6728 articles, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Studies were largely consistent in reporting positive changes after interventions. Although there is no obvious pattern to determine the efficacy of an, long interventions or those involving direct contact may have the most beneficial effects on the relationships between people with and those without intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that several types of interventions impact the knowledge, change in the attitudes, behaviour and self-related constructs that lead to the acceptance of people with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Kármán
- Doctoral School of Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Special Education Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Szekeres
- Special Education Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Papp
- Special Education Institute of Atypical Behaviour and Cognition, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Serra P, Costa R, Almeida N, Baptista A. Visual Status in a Portuguese Population with Intellectual Disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217715. [PMID: 33105693 PMCID: PMC7672629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosensory deprivation associated with vision is a well-known fact in people with intellectual disability (ID). This work aims to report the visual status of a population with ID in Portugal. METHODS A vision screening protocol was conducted during two Special Olympics events. The vision protocol included personal medical history, ocular health evaluation, and clinical measures, such as visual acuity (VA), binocular vision, colour vision, refractive error, and intraocular pressure. This protocol was administered to 134 subjects. RESULTS Half of the subjects reported that they had never attended or they did not remember having attended a previous eye exam. Additionally, 10% of them had not attended an eye exam in the immediate past three years. Half the subjects failed the VA test and 13% presented moderate Visual Impairment (VI) (VA worse than 0.5 logMAR in the best eye). Manifest ocular deviation was found in 25% of the subjects and the most common ocular health dysfunction conditions were conjunctiva hyperaemia, meibomian gland dysfunction, and lens anomalies. Refractive error correction allowed a reduction in the level of moderate VI to 3.7%. CONCLUSIONS The population analysed showed a poor eye care attendance rate and vision-related conditions are in agreement with previous reports. The development of national strategies to promote the awareness for routine eye care in people with ID and improving accessibility to eye care services may mitigate many of the most prevalent conditions encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Serra
- Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 1750-142 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Regina Costa
- Novas Olimpiadas Especiais—Special Olympics Portugal, Rua Sítio do Casalinho da Ajuda, 1300-536 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Almeida
- Opening Eyes Portugal—Special Olympics Portugal, Rua Sítio do Casalinho da Ajuda, 1300-536 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - António Baptista
- Centre of Physics, Campus Gualtar, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
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Cantrell A, Croot E, Johnson M, Wong R, Chambers D, Baxter SK, Booth A. Access to primary and community health-care services for people 16 years and over with intellectual disabilities: a mapping and targeted systematic review. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In 2015, approximately 2.16% of adults were recorded as having intellectual disabilities. UK government policy is that adults with intellectual disabilities should access mainstream health services. However, people with intellectual disabilities experience challenges when accessing primary and community health services that can lead to inequalities and shorter life expectancy.
Objectives
To map and review the evidence on access to primary and community health-care services for adults with intellectual disabilities and their carers. To identify influencing factors for gaining access to primary and community health-care services. To determine which actions, interventions or models of service provision improve entry access to these services for people with intellectual disabilities and their carers. Finally, to identify the gaps in evidence and provide implications for health care and recommendations for research.
Data sources
MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) were searched from 2002 to 2018.
Review methods
The mapping review methodology included an extensive literature search, article selection and data extraction of relevant abstracts. Findings from the mapping review informed the scope of the targeted systematic review. Methodology for the targeted systematic review included an extensive literature search informed by the mapping review, article selection, data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis.
Results
The mapping review included 413 studies with data extraction completed on abstracts. The targeted systematic review synthesised the evidence from 80 studies reported in 82 publications. During the review process, the team identified three key points at which people with intellectual disabilities potentially interacted with primary and community health-care services: identifying needs, accessing services and interaction during a consultation. In addition, there were a number of papers about interventions or innovations to improve access. Evidence from the studies was synthesised within the four clusters. Influencing factors were identified: staff knowledge/skills, joint working with learning disability services, service delivery model, uptake, appointment making, carer/support role, relationship with staff, time, accessible information and communication. The influencing factors were cross-cutting through the literature, with certain factors having more importance in certain clusters.
Limitations
The main limitation was the weak evidence base. The studies generally had small samples, had study designs that were open to potential biases and measured only short-term outcomes.
Conclusions
Health checks were found to help identify health needs and improve the care of long-term conditions. Important factors for accessing health services for adults with intellectual disabilities were consistency of care and support, staff training, communication skills and time to communicate, and provision of accessible information. Health professionals need to ensure that there is joint working between different services, clear communication and accurate record-keeping. Future research questions centre on the need to develop and value creative study designs capable of addressing the complex issues identified in the findings of the review for this complex population.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cantrell
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elizabeth Croot
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maxine Johnson
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Duncan Chambers
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan K Baxter
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Booth
- School for Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Boadi-Kusi SB, Ntodie M, Mashige KP, Owusu-Ansah A, Antwi Osei K. A cross-sectional survey of optometrists and optometric practices in Ghana. Clin Exp Optom 2015; 98:473-7. [PMID: 25944332 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted to profile optometrists and optometric practices in Ghana. METHODS An online survey was conducted among 146 optometrists, who were registered with the Ghana Optometric Association (GOA). It included questions on their demographics, equipment, ophthalmic procedures routinely conducted and the barriers to providing a full scope of optometric services. RESULTS Ninety registered optometrists (62 per cent) responded, their mean age being 28.97 ± 3.36 years. There were more males (68.9 per cent) than females and most had the Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree, the profession's highest degree in Ghana. There were more practitioners in urban centres (71.1 per cent) and most practices had basic optometric instruments, such as direct ophthalmoscopes, slitlamp biomicroscopes and retinoscopes. Many optometrists routinely conducted direct ophthalmoscopy (100 per cent), slitlamp biomicroscopy (87.5 per cent) and contact tonometry (55.7 per cent); however, few provided contact lens (10.2 per cent) and low vision (9.1 per cent) assessments, with 76 per cent stating that it was due to the unavailability of low vision devices, poor sources of contact lenses (27 per cent) and perceived insufficient training (11.2 per cent). Many practitioners (97 per cent) reported the use of diagnostic pharmaceutical agents and therapeutic pharmaceutical agents (96.6 per cent). Most practitioners (52.9 per cent) preferred conferences for the delivery of continuous professional development over publications (26.4 per cent) and internet resources (12.6 per cent). CONCLUSION The data elicited in this study provide a basis for addressing the country's unmet eye-care needs and can be used to determine training and support guidelines for the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bert Boadi-Kusi
- Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Department of Optometry, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Ntodie
- Department of Optometry, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kwaku Antwi Osei
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Seewooruttun L, Scior K. Interventions aimed at increasing knowledge and improving attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities among lay people. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:3482-3495. [PMID: 25213473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite policies aimed at ensuring equal rights and maximising respect and social inclusion for people with intellectual disabilities, in their daily lives many continue to face negative attitudes and discrimination within society. Misconceptions about what it means to have an intellectual disability and about the capabilities of people with intellectual disabilities appear widespread, and may contribute to prejudice and discrimination. This review provides a summary and evaluation of empirical interventions aimed at increasing knowledge and targeting negative attitudes towards this population among lay people of working age. An electronic search using PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed identified 22 English language studies published between 1990 and early 2014 that reported a specific intervention with a lay population sample. The majority of studies reported promising outcomes, particularly those aimed at increasing knowledge of intellectual disability through education. Support for the positive influence of contact with people with intellectual disabilities was demonstrated across several interventions. Interventions delivered at least partly by individuals with intellectual disabilities, and educational interventions appear to hold the most promise. The evidence is limited though by the weaknesses of measurement tools employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Seewooruttun
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Katrina Scior
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
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Shakespeare T, Kleine I. Educating Health Professionals about Disability: A Review of Interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.11120/hsce.2013.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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O'Connor B, Kubiak J, Espiner D, O'Brien P. Lecturer Responses to the Inclusion of Students With Intellectual Disabilities Auditing Undergraduate Classes. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Kubiak
- National Institute for Intellectual Disability; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Patricia O'Brien
- Centre for Disability Studies; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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Cui Y, Stapleton F, Suttle C. Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability: data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28:238-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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