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Koh S, Inoue R, Iwamoto Y, Mihashi T, Soma T, Maeda N, Nishida K. Comparison of Ocular Wavefront Aberration Measurements Obtained Using Two Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberrometers. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:98-103. [PMID: 36729105 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess agreement between measurements of ocular wavefront aberrations obtained using the Pentacam AXL Wave (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) (Aberrometer A) and KR-1W (Topcon Corp) (Aberrometer B), both of which are based on the Hartmann-Shack principle. METHODS In this prospective case-control study, ocular wavefront aberrations measurements were obtained using both aberrometers in patients with keratoconus (KC) and control participants. Ocular wavefront aberrations were measured through the natural pupil without dilation using both devices in a dark room. For both aberrometers, accommodation was inhibited by automatically adding fogging. The individual Zernike coefficients from the second to fourth order were compared between the two aberrometers for a 4-mm pupil diameter. RESULTS Twenty-six KC and 29 control eyes were assessed. Statistically significant correlations ( P <0.05) were observed for all Zernike coefficients, except for Z 4-2 in the control group. Bland-Altman analysis indicated good agreement between aberrometers and no statistically significant differences in the control group. However, in the KC group, patterns of proportional error were observed in vertical coma Z 3-1 (r=0.338, P =0.008), trefoil Z 4-4 (r=0.701, P =0.003), secondary astigmatism Z 4-2 (r=0.348, P =0.025), and spherical aberrations Z 40 (r=0.407, P =0.012). CONCLUSIONS The Zernike coefficient values measured by the two aberrometers were well correlated in the control and KC groups. However, in eyes with KC, Aberrometer B tended to present greater values in several Zernike coefficients than Aberrometer A, suggesting that wavefront measurements obtained using the two aberrometers are not interchangeable in patients with KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Koh
- Department of Innovative Visual Science (S.K., R.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (S.K., Y.I., T.S., K.N.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; SEED CO. (R.I.), LTD., Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Orthoptics (T.M.), Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hughes RPJ, Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Higher order aberrations and retinal image quality during short-term accommodation in children. Vision Res 2021; 188:74-84. [PMID: 34293613 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in higher order aberrations (HOA's) and retinal image quality during accommodation have not previously been examined in children. This study measured ocular HOA's in ninety non-myopic, school-aged children during short-term accommodation tasks at 0, 3, 6, and 9 D demands presented via a Badal optometer mounted to a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer (COAS-HD, Wavefront Sciences). Eighty-four participants who exhibited active accommodation were included in the analyses. An eighth order Zernike polynomial was fit across a 2.3 mm, 4 mm, and natural pupil diameter to evaluate changes in refractive power vectors (M, J180, and J45), accommodation errors (lags and leads), HOA root mean square (RMS) variables, individual Zernike coefficients, and the visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (VSOTF). All HOA RMS variables changed significantly with accommodation, with the greatest change observed for the 9 D demand. Of the individual Zernike coefficients, primary (C40) and secondary spherical aberration (C60) exhibited the greatest magnitude of change, becoming negative and positive with increasing accommodation, respectively. The VSOTF changed significantly with greater accommodation for both the 4 mm and natural pupil size, becoming significantly worse for the 9 D demand. HOA's increase and retinal image quality decreases significantly during higher levels of accommodation in children, similar to adults. These findings provide a greater understanding of the optical properties of children's eyes and insights into possible mechanisms for the association between accommodation, near work, and refractive error development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan P J Hughes
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Scott A Read
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Collins
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hughes RPJ, Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Changes in ocular biometry during short‐term accommodation in children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:584-594. [DOI: 10.1111/opo.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan P J Hughes
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Michael J Collins
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Bartuzel MM, Robert Iskander D, Marín-Franch I, López-Gil N. Defocus vibrations in optical systems-considerations in reference to the human eye. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2019; 36:464-470. [PMID: 30874183 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental visual acuity (VA) of eight subjects was measured using the Freiburg vision test in a custom-made adaptive optics system. Measurements were conducted under one control and five defocus-induced conditions. In the defocus-induced conditions, 1 diopter of myopic defocus was added to the system using the Badal stage, and defocus vibrations with five different levels of amplitude were generated by a deformable mirror at 50 Hz. Computational simulations of the visual Strehl ratio (VSOTF) were performed using average aberrations of each subject recorded in the control condition. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, it has been shown experimentally that both the simulated VSOTF and experimentally measured VA improve when defocus vibrations are added to a defocused eye.
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Montani G, Murphy PJ, Patel S. Immediate effect of a tear enhancer and meibomian gland expression on the corneal surface and whole eye higher order aberrations. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2018; 11:223-231. [PMID: 29699948 PMCID: PMC6147757 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in higher order ocular aberrations (HOA) induced by the administration of 0.15% sodium hyaluronate tear enhancer (TE) and meibomian gland expression (ME) on the tear film of normal subjects. METHODS HOA values were obtained from the corneal surface (CS) and whole eye (WE), using a corneal topographer and Shack-Hartmann aberrometer, from both eyes of 50 subjects (25 females, mean age±sd 32.5±11.0 years, and 25 males, 33.88±11.2 years) for two pupil sizes (3 and 6mm) in a dark environment. One drop of Blink Contacts™ (Abbott Medical Optics) was instilled into the right eye and HOA measurements repeated after 30s. After 1h, the meibomian glands of the left lower eyelid were gently squeezed and HOA measurements repeated after 30s. RESULTS There was no significant difference for CS and WE root mean square (RMS) HOAs between right and left eyes before (both pupil sizes) and after TE use or ME (3mm pupil). For 6mm pupil, TE use significantly reduced the WE RMS HOA (p<0.05, mean±sd) for Z40 (0.297±0.136 to 0.053±0.069), and Z55 (0.221±0.372 to 0.098±0.121) while ME significantly increased CS RMS HOA (p<0.05, mean±sd) for Z3-3 (0.799±1.178 to 1.302±1.991) and Z44 (0.594±1.184 to 0.988±1.463). In general, the change in HOA was significantly correlated with the initial value before TE use or ME (p<0.05). CONCLUSION There were no detectable differences between right and left eyes. For the 6mm pupil, the tear enhancer tended to improve optical performance of the WE and meibomian gland expression tended to reduce the optical performance at the CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Montani
- School of Optics and Optometry. University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Paul J Murphy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sudi Patel
- NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK & Svjetlost University Eye Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Charman WN, Heron G. Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015; 35:476-99. [DOI: 10.1111/opo.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Neil Charman
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Gordon Heron
- Vision Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
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Lin HZ, Chen CC, Lee YC. Effect of pharmacologic pupil dilation with tropicamide and phenylephrine on wavefront measurements. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjo.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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López-Miguel A, Martínez-Almeida L, González-García MJ, Coco-Martín MB, Sobrado-Calvo P, Maldonado MJ. Precision of higher-order aberration measurements with a new Placido-disk topographer and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012; 39:242-9. [PMID: 23142546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the intrasession and intersession precision of ocular, corneal, and internal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) measured using an integrated topographer and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (Topcon KR-1W) in refractive surgery candidates. SETTING IOBA-Eye Institute, Valladolid, Spain. DESIGN Evaluation of diagnostic technology. METHODS To analyze intrasession repeatability, 1 experienced examiner measured eyes 9 times successively. To study intersession reproducibility, the same clinician obtained measurements from another set of eyes in 2 consecutive sessions 1 week apart. Ocular, corneal, and internal HOAs were obtained. Coma and spherical aberrations, 3rd- and 4th-order aberrations, and total HOAs were calculated for a 6.0 mm pupil diameter. RESULTS For intrasession repeatability (75 eyes), excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were obtained (ICC >0.87), except for internal primary coma (ICC = 0.75) and 3rd-order (ICC = 0.72) HOAs. Repeatability precision (1.96 × S(w)) values ranged from 0.03 μm (corneal primary spherical) to 0.08 μm (ocular primary coma). For intersession reproducibility (50 eyes), ICCs were good (>0.8) for ocular primary spherical, 3rd-order, and total higher-order aberrations; reproducibility precision values ranged from 0.06 μm (corneal primary spherical) to 0.21 μm (internal 3rd order), with internal HOAs having the lowest precision (≥0.12 μm). No systematic bias was found between examinations on different days. CONCLUSIONS The intrasession repeatability was high; therefore, the device's ability to measure HOAs in a reliable way was excellent. Under intersession reproducibility conditions, dependable corneal primary spherical aberrations were provided. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review the methods for dynamic, non-invasive, and objective assessment of tear film surface quality and to outline their current state-of-the-art and their future potential. METHODS Among the methods available, high-speed videokeratoscopy, lateral shearing interferometry, and dynamic wavefront sensing are being considered. RESULTS The principles of operations, their advantages and disadvantages, and limitations of each method are being outlined. The possible future directions of each method are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS To gain a better understanding of tear film, its structure and function, it is essential to combine macroimaging technologies with those focusing on tear film microstructure. In this way, one can envisage a clinical device that could help, in future, early diagnosis of dry eye syndrome and development of better materials for contact lenses and eye lubricants.
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Hampson KM, Mallen EAH. Chaos in ocular aberration dynamics of the human eye. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:863-77. [PMID: 22567581 PMCID: PMC3342193 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the characterization of the eye's monochromatic aberration fluctuations in 2001, the power spectrum has remained the most widely used method for analyzing their dynamics. However, the power spectrum does not capture the complexities of the fluctuations. We measured the monochromatic aberration dynamics of six subjects using a Shack-Hartmann sensor sampling at 21 Hz. We characterized the dynamics using techniques from chaos theory. We found that the attractor embedding dimension for all aberrations, for all subjects, was equal to three. The embedding lag averaged across aberrations and subjects was 0.31 ± 0.07 s. The Lyapunov exponent of the rms wavefront error was positive for each subject, with an average value of 0.44 ± 0.15 µm/s. This indicates that the aberration dynamics are chaotic. Implications for future modeling are discussed.
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Mira-Agudelo A, Lundström L, Artal P. Temporal dynamics of ocular aberrations: monocular vs binocular vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2010; 29:256-63. [PMID: 19422556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of ocular aberrations are important for the evaluation of, e.g. the accuracy of aberration estimates, the correlation to visual performance, and the requirements for real-time correction with adaptive optics. Traditionally, studies on the eye's dynamic behavior have been performed monocularly, which might have affected the results. In this study we measured aberrations and their temporal dynamics both monocularly and binocularly in the relaxed and accommodated state for six healthy subjects. Temporal frequencies up to 100 Hz were measured with a fast-acquisition Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor having an open field-of-view configuration which allowed fixation to real targets. Wavefront aberrations were collected in temporal series of 5 s duration during binocular and monocular vision with fixation targets at 5 m and 25 cm distance. As expected, a larger temporal variability was found in the root-mean-square wavefront error when the eye accommodated, mainly for frequencies lower than 30 Hz. A statistically-significant difference in temporal behavior between monocular and binocular viewing conditions was found. However, on average it was too small to be of practical importance, although some subjects showed a notably higher variability for the monocular case during near vision. We did find differences in pupil size with mono- and binocular vision but the pupil size temporal dynamics did not behave in the same way as the aberrations' dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mira-Agudelo
- Laboratorio de Optica, Centro de Investigación en Optica y Nanofísica (CiOyN), Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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Prado P, Arines J, Bará S, Manzanera S, Mira-Agudelo A, Artal P. Changes of ocular aberrations with gaze. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2010; 29:264-71. [PMID: 19422557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of the ocular aberrations on gaze has been studied in three eyes using a fast-acquisition, Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. Although there were some trends in the change of some aberration terms with gaze, the changes of most Zernike coefficients were smaller than their variability at each individual gaze position, due to the combined effects of microfluctuations of accommodation, eye movements, tear film dynamics, and measurement noise. For our particular experimental dataset, the confidence level at which the null hypothesis (i.e. that the aberrations do not change significantly with gaze) can be rejected is very low. Further advances in the study of the dependence of eye aberrations with gaze will require a tighter control of the sources of aberration variability at each individual gaze position.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prado
- Fisica Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Chin SS, Hampson KM, Mallen EAH. Binocular correlation of ocular aberration dynamics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:14731-45. [PMID: 18795011 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.014731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in accommodation have been shown to be correlated in the two eyes of the same subject. However, the dynamic correlation of higher-order aberrations in the frequency domain has not been studied previously. A binocular Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is used to measure the ocular wavefront aberrations concurrently in both eyes of six subjects at a sampling rate of 20.5 Hz. Coherence function analysis shows that the inter-ocular correlation between aberrations depends on subject, Zernike mode and frequency. For each subject, the coherence values are generally low across the resolvable frequency range (mean 0.11), indicating poor dynamic correlation between the aberrations of the two eyes. Further analysis showed that phase consistency dominates the coherence values. Monocular and binocular viewing conditions showed similar power spectral density functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chin
- Bradford School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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Day M, Strang NC, Seidel D, Gray LS. Technical note: effect of contact lenses on measurement of the accommodation microfluctuations. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28:91-5. [PMID: 18201340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dynamic measurement of accommodation in subjects with myopia usually involves recording through soft contact lenses (CLs) to correct the refractive error. Conversely, dynamic accommodation measurement in emmetropic control subjects is generally undertaken without any corrective lenses. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether CL correction affects the measurement of accommodation microfluctuations using infrared refractometry, and whether this needs to be considered in studies which attempt to compare accommodation responses between the two groups. METHODS Ten young emmetropic subjects viewed a high contrast Maltese cross target monocularly using the right eye at a target vergence of 0 D. The subjects viewed the target under two conditions: with CL condition and without CL condition, where the subjects viewed the target with the eye only. Accommodation responses of the right eye were recorded continuously for 2 min at a sampling rate of 52 Hz using the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor. RESULTS No significant difference (two-tailed paired t-test, t(9) = -1.499, p = 0.168) was found in mean accommodation response between the with CL (mean +/- S.D. = -0.02 +/- 0.24 D) and without CL conditions (mean +/- S.D. = +0.01 +/- 0.25 D). No significant (two-tailed paired t-test, t(9) = 0.151, p = 0.883) difference in the magnitude of the accommodation microfluctuations was found between the with CL (mean +/- S.D. = 0.162 +/- 0.04 D) and without CL condition (mean +/- S.D. = 0.169 +/- 0.04 D). Power spectrum analysis revealed no differences in the characteristics of the microfluctuations waveform between the two conditions. A control experiment carried out on a subgroup of five subjects using a negative (-3 D) CL demonstrated that there was no significant effect of the dioptric power of the CL on the magnitude of the accommodation microfluctuations (anova: F(3,15) = 0.254, p = 0.782). CONCLUSION Thin soft CLs do not affect the magnitude or frequency characteristics of accommodation microfluctuations when measured using the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi Day
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2007; 18:515-17. [PMID: 18163005 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e3282f292cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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