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Abdulaziz L, Elhadi E, Abdallah EA, Alnoor FA, Yousef BA. Antiviral Activity of Approved Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs: Chances for Drug Repurposing for Antiviral Drug Discovery. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:97-115. [PMID: 35299994 PMCID: PMC8922315 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s346006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing process aims to identify new uses for the existing drugs to overcome traditional de novo drug discovery and development challenges. At the same time, as viral infections became a serious threat to humans and the viral organism itself has a high ability to mutate genetically, and due to serious adverse effects that result from antiviral drugs, there are crucial needs for the discovery of new antiviral drugs, and to identify new antiviral effects for the exciting approved drugs towards different types of viral infections depending on the observed antiviral activity in preclinical studies or clinical findings is one of the approaches to counter the viral infections problems. This narrative review article summarized mainly the published preclinical studies that evaluated the antiviral activity of drugs that are approved and used mainly as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic drugs, and the preclinical studies included the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings, additionally some clinical observations were also included while trying to relate them to the preclinical findings. Finally, the structure used for writing about the antiviral activity of the drugs was according to the families of the viruses used in the studies to form a better image for the target of antiviral activity of different drugs in the different kinds of viruses and to relate between the antiviral activity of the drugs against different strains of viruses within the same viral family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Abdulaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, 14415, Sudan
| | - Esraa Elhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, 14415, Sudan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ejlal A Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Fadlalbaseer A Alnoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National University, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Bashir A Yousef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
- Correspondence: Bashir A Yousef, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Ave, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan, Tel +249 912932418, Fax +249 183780696, Email
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Long J, Ji W, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Bi Y. Bioactivities and Structure-Activity Relationships of Fusidic Acid Derivatives: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759220. [PMID: 34721042 PMCID: PMC8554340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA) is a natural tetracyclic triterpene isolated from fungi, which is clinically used for systemic and local staphylococcal infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. FA and its derivatives have been shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antimalarial, antituberculosis, anticancer, tumor multidrug resistance reversal, anti-inflammation, antifungal, and antiviral activity in vivo and in vitro. The semisynthesis, structural modification and biological activities of FA derivatives have been extensively studied in recent years. This review summarized the biological activities and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of FA in the last two decades. This summary can prove useful information for drug exploration of FA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Long
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wentao Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Kaur G, Singh K, Pavadai E, Njoroge M, Espinoza-Moraga M, De Kock C, Smith PJ, Wittlin S, Chibale K. Synthesis of fusidic acid bioisosteres as antiplasmodial agents and molecular docking studies in the binding site of elongation factor-G. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural modifications through bioisosteric approach yielded fusidic acid analogues with 2–35 folds increase in antiplasmodial activity as compared to fusidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit
| | - Kawaljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit
| | - Elumalai Pavadai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit
| | - Marlene Espinoza-Moraga
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit
| | - Carmen De Kock
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine
- University of Cape Town
- Groote Schuur Hospital
- Observatory
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine
- University of Cape Town
- Groote Schuur Hospital
- Observatory
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- University of Basel
- 4002 Basel
- Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- Socinstrasse 57
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701
- South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit
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Abstract
Bile salts completely inactivated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro and, unexpectedly, completely destroyed all the cultured persistently HIV-1 infected T cells. Fusidic acid, which likewise possesses the properties of an anionic surfactant, inactivated HIV-1 only at concentrations toxic to uninfected cultured cells. Bile salts or their derivatives, and other anionic surfactants, could be of therapeutic value in HIV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lloyd
- Division of Pathology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, Wiltshire
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the continuing search for antiviral drugs. Many virus diseases, both of humans and animals, have been successfully controlled by vaccines. These successes have naturally led to improvements in the spectrum and duration of protection offered by vaccines until, at present it is difficult to see how antiviral drugs could compete with vaccines in the control of many virus diseases. One may cite smallpox, yellow fever, polio, and recently measles among human diseases, Newcastle disease, Marek's disease, and infectious bronchitis among poultry diseases—an area of veterinary disease control where vaccines have been particularly important. Research into the treatment of virus diseases by drugs is at present directed toward three general areas: (1) attempts to stimulate the defense mechanism of the host animal, (2) large screening programs to find drugs which directly block some virus-specific process, and (3) alleviation of the symptoms of the disease. The treatment of the symptoms, rather than the cause of a disease, has been the mainstay of medical practice from time immemorial, and this is still the case with most virus disease. The short incubation period of many virus diseases will inevitably restrict the therapeutic use of antiviral drugs and in cases where symptoms have already appeared.
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