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Omote M, Wakimoto Y, Shibahara H. Possible Role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Receptor on Human Sperm Motility Regulation. Cureus 2023; 15:e49530. [PMID: 38033435 PMCID: PMC10682562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine whether 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also known as serotonin) regulates human sperm motility, focusing on 5-HT receptors. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the existence of seven types of 5-HT receptors with a heterogeneous pattern of reactive sites. In detail, 5-HT1B, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 were detected in the post-acrosomal and mid-piece regions. The 5-HT2A and 5-HT5A receptors were mainly localized in the equatorial segment. 5-HT3A and 5-HT4 receptors were present in the neck and post-acrosomal regions. When examining the effects of 5-HT receptor antagonists on sperm motility, only the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist significantly reduced sperm motility. This suggests that the 5-HT2A receptor may have a regulatory function in sperm motility. Eventually, progressive motility should be attenuated to penetrate the oocyte for fertilization. The current study indicated heterogenous expression patterns and plausible functions of 5-HT receptors in human sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Omote
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, JPN
| | - Yu Wakimoto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, JPN
| | - Hiroaki Shibahara
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, JPN
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da Silva AAS, de Santi F, Hinton BT, Cerri PS, Sasso-Cerri E. Venlafaxine increases aromatization, reduces apical V-ATPase in clear cells and induces increased number of mast cells and smooth muscle cells death in rat cauda epididymis. Life Sci 2023; 315:121329. [PMID: 36584913 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depressive disorders (DD) have affected millions of people worldwide. Venlafaxine, antidepressant of the class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, has been prescribed for the treatment of DD. In rat testes, venlafaxine induces testosterone (T) aromatization and increases estrogen levels. Aromatase is a key enzyme for the formation of estrogen in the epididymis, an essential organ for male fertility. We investigated the impact of serotonergic/noradrenergic venlafaxine effect on the epididymal cauda region, focusing on aromatase, V-ATPase and EGF epithelial immunoexpression, smooth muscle (SM) integrity and mast cells number (MCN). Male rats were distributed into control (CG; n = 10) and venlafaxine (VFG, n = 10) groups. VFG received 30 mg/kg b.w. of venlafaxine for 35 days. The epididymal cauda was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) and estrogen alpha (Esr1), adrenergic (Adra1a) and serotonergic (Htr1b) receptors were analyzed. Clear cells (CCs) area, SM thickness, viable spermatozoa (VS) and MCN were evaluated. Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and TEM. The following immunoreactions were performed: T, aromatase, T/aromatase co-localization, V-ATPase, EGF, Cx43 and PCNA. The increased Adra1a and reduced Htr1b expressions confirmed the noradrenergic and serotonergic venlafaxine effects, respectively, corroborating the increased MCN, apoptosis and atrophy of SM. In VFG, the epithelial EGF increased, explaining Cx43 overexpression and basal cells mitotic activity. T aromatization and Esr1 downregulation indicate high estrogen levels, explaining CCs hypertrophy and changes in the V-ATPase localization, corroborating VS reduction. Thus, in addition to serotonergic/noradrenergic effects, T/estrogen imbalance, induced by venlafaxine, impairs epididymal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Acácio Souza da Silva
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fabiane de Santi
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barry T Hinton
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
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Britto-Júnior J, Ximenes L, Ribeiro A, Fregonesi A, Campos R, Ricardo de Almeida Kiguti L, Mónica FZ, Antunes E, De Nucci G. 6-Nitrodopamine is an endogenous mediator of rat isolated epididymal vas deferens contractions induced by electric-field stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174544. [PMID: 34606837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
6-nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from human umbilical cord vessels and modulates vascular reactivity by acting as a dopamine antagonist. Here we investigate whether 6-ND is released by the rat isolated vas deferens and its effect on this tissue. Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and 6-ND levels were quantified in rat isolated vas deferens by LC-MS-MS. Electric-field stimulation (EFS) and concentration-response curves to 6-ND, noradrenaline, dopamine and adrenaline were performed in the absence and in the presence (30 min) of L-NAME, SCH-23390, haloperidol, PG-01037, sonepiprazole, desipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, carbamazepine, maprotiline, paroxetine, oxcarbazepine and ketanserin in the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD). Basal releases of 6-ND and noradrenaline were detected from the rat isolated vas deferens. 6-ND release was reduced by tissue incubation with L-NAME and from the vas deferens obtained from L-NAME-treated rats. SCH-23390 caused leftward shifts on concentration-response curves to 6-ND without affecting dopamine- or EFS-induced RIEVD contractions. Haloperidol, PG-01037 and sonepiprazole caused significant rightward shifts on concentration-response curves to dopamine but had no effect on either the 6-ND or EFS-induced RIEVD contractions. The tricyclic compounds desipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine and carbamazepine induced rightward shifts on 6-ND concentration-response curve but did not reduce the noradrenaline, dopamine and adrenaline contractile responses. They also reduced the EFS-induced RIEVD contractions in control but not in tissues obtained from L-NAME-treated animals. Maprotiline, oxcarbazepine, paroxetine and ketanserin had no effect in either 6-ND or EFS-induced RIEVD contractions. Thus, 6-ND modulates RIEVD contractility, and desipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine and carbamazepine act as selective 6-ND receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Britto-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ximenes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriano Fregonesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Campos
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen YF, Wang YW, Chen IS, Tsai HY. Cyclohexylamine, an active compound from Toddalia asiatica, contracts epididymal vas deferens via serotonergic receptors. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2020; 10:12-22. [PMID: 33854916 PMCID: PMC7608847 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toddalia asiatica of Rutaceae, a Taiwan folk medicine, is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory herb. Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an active compound from T. asiatica. Previous reports indicate CHA contracts rat vas deferens. However, the contractile mechanism of CHA on rat vas deferens was not yet reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contractile mechanism of CHA on rat epididymal portion of vas deferens. METHODS Male S.D. rats weighting between 200 g to 250 g were used. The epididymal portion of vas deferens was isolated and was added with various concentrations of serotonin, serotonin antagonists and CHA. RESULTS Serotonin elicited dose-dependent (1 × 10-7M~1 × 10-4M) contractions on rat epididymal vas deferens, which were inhibited by pretreatment with ketanserin (1 × 10-8 M ~ 1 × 10-6 M), methysergide (1 × 10-5 M) and propranolol (1 × 10-4 M), respectively. CHA elicited dose-dependent (1 × 10-8M~1 × 10-4M) contractions on rat epididymal vas deferens. The contractions of CHA (1 × 10-4M) on epididymal vas deferens were enhanced by serotonin in a dose-dependent manner. Methysergide (1 × 10-7 ~1 × 10-5 M) did not affect the contractions evoked by CHA. However, the CHA elicited contraction was almost completely inhibited by ketanserin (1 × 10-5 M) and was enhanced by propranolol. The effect of propranolol at the concentration of 1 × 10-4 M on CHA was likely as CHA at high concentration alone. CONCLUSIONS From the above results, the contraction evoked by CHA on the isolated rat epididymal vas deferens might be mediated by serotonergic receptors through 5-HT2A subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yann Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Barbosa MA, Veríssimo LF, Gerardin DCC, Pelosi GG, Ceravolo GS, Moreira EG. Maternal exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation does not alter plasma concentrations of testosterone, oestrogen or corticosterone in peripubertal offspring. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:1002-1008. [PMID: 30786956 DOI: 10.1071/rd18279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants are widely used around the world, primarily for the treatment of mood disorders, anxiety and pain syndromes. Women who use antidepressants often continue to use them during pregnancy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, including fluoxetine, are the main class of antidepressants prescribed to pregnant women. It is known that fluoxetine crosses the placental-blood barrier and is excreted in breast milk. Consequently, indirect exposure of the infant occurs. Knowing that fluoxetine alters the balance of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, several studies have shown that maternal exposure to this drug leads to various adverse effects on the nervous, reproductive and cardiovascular systems of the offspring. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation on parameters related to steroid hormones in prepubertal and pubertal male and female rats. The endpoints evaluated were date of puberty onset, plasma testosterone and oestrogen concentrations before and after puberty onset and corticosterone concentration before and after adrenocorticotrophin stimulus. None of the parameters was affected by fluoxetine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus A Barbosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR-445, Km 380, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Veríssimo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR-445, Km 380, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR-445, Km 380, PR, Brazil
| | - Gislaine G Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR-445, Km 380, PR, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR-445, Km 380, PR, Brazil
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR-445, Km 380, PR, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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Mueller A, Kiguti LRA, Silva EJR, Pupo AS. Contractile Effects of Serotonin (5-HT) in the Rat Cauda Epididymis: Expression and Functional Characterization of 5-HT Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:98-106. [PMID: 30728250 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] exerts multiple central and peripheral functions. High concentrations of 5-HT have been found in the epididymis, a ductal organ that plays pivotal roles in sperm transport and maturation. The contraction of the epididymal smooth muscle is essential for sperm transport and emission during ejaculation. The contributions of the epididymal 5-HT system to these events are poorly understood. Here, we assessed the contractile function of 5-HT in the rat cauda epididymis (CE), pharmacologically targeting the receptor(s) and the reuptake mechanism involved in this system. Segments of CE duct from adult Wistar rats were set up in an organ bath system for isometric tension recordings, and concentration-response curves to 5-HT and norepinephrine were obtained. 5-HT elicited concentration-dependent contractions of the CE duct (pEC50 = 6.5 ± 0.1) that were potentiated with high potency by the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor desipramine and with low potency by the highly selective serotonin transporter inhibitor paroxetine, indicating that the NET is the major mediator of 5-HT reuptake in vitro. CE contractions to 5-HT were antagonized by the α 1-adrenoceptor (α 1-AR) antagonist prazosin (pA 2 ≅ 8.9), 5-HT2A/2C antagonists ketanserin (pA 2 ≅ 9.4) and fluoxetine (pA 2 ≅ 7.4), and 5-HT1A ligands WAY 100635 (pA 2 ≅ 8.9) and buspirone (pA 2 ≅ 7.3). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A transcripts are highly abundant in the cauda epididymis, whereas 5-HT2C transcript was not found. Altogether, our results reveal that contractions of the CE duct to 5-HT encompasses at least activation of α 1-ARs and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, providing new insights into the roles of 5-HT on the epididymal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Mueller
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R A Kiguti
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erick J R Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André S Pupo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu-São Paulo, Brazil
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Erdemir F, Atilgan D, Firat F, Markoc F, Parlaktas BS, Sogut E. The effect of Sertraline, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine and Escitalopram on testicular tissue and oxidative stress parameters in rats. Int Braz J Urol 2014; 40:100-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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8
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Jiménez-Trejo F, Tapia-Rodríguez M, Cerbón M, Kuhn DM, Manjarrez-Gutiérrez G, Mendoza-Rodríguez CA, Picazo O. Evidence of 5-HT components in human sperm: implications for protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the physiology of motility. Reproduction 2012; 144:677-85. [PMID: 23028123 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; C(10)H(12)N(2)O (5-HT)) is produced in the CNS and in some cells of peripheral tissues. In the mammalian male reproductive system, both 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) have been described in Leydig cells of the testis and in principal cells of the caput epididymis. In capacitated hamster sperm, it has been shown that 5-HT promotes the acrosomal reaction. The aim of this work was to explore the existence of components of the serotoninergic system and their relevance in human sperm physiology. We used both immunocytochemistry and western blot to detect serotoninergic markers such as 5-HT, TPH1, MAO(A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(3), and 5HT(T); HPLC for TPH enzymatic activity; Computer Assisted Semen Analysis assays to measure sperm motility parameters and pharmacological approaches to show the effect of 5-HT in sperm motility and tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed by western blot. We found the presence of serotoninergic markers (5-HT, TPH1, MAO(A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(3), 5-HT(T), and TPH enzymatic activity) in human sperm. In addition, we observed a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation and changes in sperm motility after 5-HT treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the existence of components of a serotoninergic system in human sperm and support the notion for a functional role of 5-HT in mammalian sperm physiology, which can be modulated pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jiménez-Trejo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Ciudad de Me´xico 04510, Mexico.
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Norville K, Sweeney ST, Elliott CJH. Postmating change in physiology of male Drosophila mediated by serotonin (5-HT). J Neurogenet 2010; 24:27-32. [PMID: 20067436 DOI: 10.3109/01677060903477601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex peptides transferred during mating from male to female fly profoundly influence the female's behavior and physiology, including an increase in the movement of eggs along the oviduct. In the male ejaculatory duct, the authors have identified peristaltic waves that travel distally with an average frequency of 0.6 Hz. The frequency of peristalsis is increased by 0.1 microM serotonin (5-HT) and completely blocked by 5-HT antagonists (IC(50)< 1 microM). The authors also report that mating affects the male reproductive tract; peristaltic waves along the ejaculatory duct are significantly reduced postcopulation by 30%. Serotonergic neurons innervate the ejaculatory duct, but their genetic ablation does not prevent peristalsis. The authors propose that peristalsis may be modulated by serotonin circulating in the hemolymph. As serotonin is linked with attentiveness in both flies and mammals, this bioassay suggests reduced behavioral sensitivity of the male fly after mating.
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MDMA (ecstasy) delays pubertal development and alters sperm quality after developmental exposure in the rat. Toxicol Lett 2010; 197:135-42. [PMID: 20546852 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA or "ecstasy" is consumed mainly by young population at childbearing age. Therefore, there may be a risk of exposure of some pregnant women. The effects of the developmental exposure to MDMA on the sexual development and long-term sexual behaviour/fertility were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats. MDMA was administered subcutaneously at 0 (control), 0.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg to female rats once a day, three consecutive days a week during 10 weeks, including gestation and lactation. The male offspring was evaluated for sexual maturation and mated with untreated sexually receptive females to evaluate the mating and pregnancy rates. Hormonal, haematological, biochemical, histological, genotoxicological and testicular and sperm parameters were also evaluated. A significant higher incidence of DNA damage in sperm and interstitial oedema in testes was found. There was also a significant and dose-related decrease in sperm count and a significant decrease in sperm motility at all doses. A significant delay in preputial separation onset in all treated groups was observed. This study reports by the first time an alteration of spermatogenesis after in utero and lactation MDMA exposure in the rat.
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11
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Leung GP, Dun SL, Dun NJ, Wong PY. Serotonin via 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptors stimulates anion secretion in the rat epididymal epithelium. J Physiol 1999; 519 Pt 3:657-67. [PMID: 10457081 PMCID: PMC2269529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0657n.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The short-circuit current (Isc) technique was used to study the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the regulation of anion secretion in cultured rat cauda epididymal epithelia. 2. 5-HT, the 5-HT1B-selective agonist 5-nonyloxytryptamine (5-NOT) and the 5-HT2B-selective agonist alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (alpha-methyl-5-HT) added basolaterally stimulated Isc in a dose-dependent manner with EC50 values of 0.4, 20 and 0.3 microM, respectively. No other agonists for 5-HT receptors had any effect. 3. The pattern of responses to 5-HT was biphasic. Pretreating the tissues with the 5-HT1B-selective antagonist isamoltane (200 microM) and the 5-HT2B-selective antagonist rauwolscine (200 microM) inhibited the rapid transient phase by 55 and 45 %, whereas the sustained phase could only be blocked by rauwolscine. 4. Removal of chloride or bicarbonate or both from the normal Krebs-Henseleit solution reduced the responses to 5-HT, 5-NOT and alpha-methyl-5-HT to varying degrees. The results suggest that 5-HT1B- and 5-HT2B-mediated responses were mainly due to chloride and bicarbonate secretion, respectively. 5. Manipulation of the cAMP and Ca2+ signal transduction pathways with chemical agents provided evidence that the responses to 5-HT were mediated through cAMP. 6. Piroxicam pretreatment abolished the Isc response to alpha-methyl-5-HT but not to 5-NOT, indicating that the 5-HT2B-mediated response, but not the 5-HT1B-mediated response, is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis. 7. Immunohistochemical studies showed that 5-HT-like immunoreactivity was detected in nerve fibres and in small granular cells surrounding the epididymal tubules. 8. It is suggested that the 5-HT released from serotonergic nerve endings and/or from mast cells regulates electrolyte and fluid secretion in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Leung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Campos MG, Oropeza MV, Lemus AE, Garcia GA, Reynoso ME, Campos P, Ponce-Monter H. The androgenic effect of norethisterone and 5alpha-norethisterone on the contractile response of the rat vas deferens to methoxamine and serotonin. Life Sci 1999; 64:PL227-33. [PMID: 10350363 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Norethisterone (NET) and its metabolite 5alpha-norethisterone (5alpha-NET) are competitors for the androgen receptor. The sensitivity of the rat vas deferens to the contractile action of methoxamine and serotonin is regulated by hormonal and anatomical factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of NET and 5alpha-NET to induce the androgen-regulated contractile response to methoxamine and serotonin in the epididymal and prostatic portions of rat vas deferens. Adult male rats either intact, castrated or steroid-treated castrated were used. The contractility was recorded isometrically, and non-cumulative concentration-response curves to either methoxamine or serotonin were obtained. NET and 5alpha-NET partially restored the sensitivity to methoxamine and serotonin in the epididymal portion of castrated rats. The maximal responses to both agonists were significantly higher than those observed in castrated rats, and significantly lower than the responses observed in either intact or androgen-treated castrated rats. The prostatic portion was less responsive to both agonists than the epididymal portion, in all groups but castrated rats, as castration induced sensitivity to both agonists. NET and 5alpha-NET displayed a partial though similar androgenic activity in the rat vas deferens. These results contrast with previous reports where a decrease of androgenic effect due to the 5alpha-reduction of NET has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Campos
- UIM Farmacologia, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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13
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Celuch SM, Sloley BD. Release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and noradrenaline in the rat vas deferens in the presence of compound 48/80, veratridine or K+. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 96:77-82. [PMID: 2924078 PMCID: PMC1854299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and noradrenaline (NA) from the rat isolated vas deferens was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 2. Compound 48/80, which is known to release 5-HT and histamine from mast cells, induced a concentration-related, rapid overflow of 5-HT from the rat isolated vas deferens, releasing about 50% of the 5-HT present in the tissue at a concentration of 300 micrograms ml-1. The drug did not induce the release of either dopamine or NA. 3. The depolarizing agents veratridine (10 microM) or K+ (100 mM) induced the release of 5-10% of the 5-HT present in the vas deferens, but did not evoke the overflow of 5-HT from isolated mast cells. 4. Veratridine induced the release of a greater proportion of the dopamine than of the NA contained in the vas deferens (41.0 +/- 5.5 vs 17.9 +/- 2.0%, after 20 min of exposure to the drug, n = 6). In contrast, K+ evoked the release of both amines equally. 5. It is concluded that in the rat vas deferens 5-HT is stored in mast cells and also in cells responsive to depolarizing stimuli. It is suggested that 5-HT could be a neuromodulator or a neurotransmitter in this organ. Veratridine and K+ induce the release of dopamine in addition to NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Celuch
- Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Celuch SM, Sloley BD. Regional distribution of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and noradrenaline in the rat vas deferens. Neurochem Res 1988; 13:967-72. [PMID: 2975360 DOI: 10.1007/bf00970770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) in the rat vas deferens divided in eight or four sections were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Dopamine and NA had the same regional distribution; their concentrations were maximal near the prostatic end and decreased towards the epididymis. The concentration of 5-HT also decreased from the prostatic to the epididymal end, but 5-HT did not follow the same regional distribution as DA and NA. Reserpine (0.02 or 0.2 mg/kg, i.p., 24 hr) and 6-hydroxydopamine (2 x 80 mg/kg, i.v., 6 days) decreased the contents of DA and NA; the concentrations of both amines were modified to a similar extent. Reserpine also diminished the content of 5-HT. Pargyline (200 mg/kg, i.p., 2 hr) increased the concentration of 5-HT while p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg, oral, 3 days) decreased the contents of the amine in some sections of the vas deferens. This study suggests that DA and NA co-exist in the same sympathetic neurons. Some of the 5-HT could be stored in mast cells as previously proposed, but the finding that tissue content of 5-HT changes after inhibiting the deamination or synthesis of the amine suggests that other source(s) of 5-HT distinct from mast cells exist in the rat vas deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Celuch
- Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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15
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Lafi MA, Leake LD. Tonic and rhythmic contractions induced by dopamine and related amines in rat vasa deferentia are pharmacologically separable. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1988; 90:183-8. [PMID: 2904858 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(88)90117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Exogenous dopamine (DA), octopamine (OA), noradrenaline (NA), and the alpha 1-agonist methoxamine (MX), all induce tonic and rhythmic contractions in the rat vas deferens. 2. Tonic and rhythmic contractions can be separated by use of different concentrations of alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists, verapamil, pyrogallol (a COMT-inhibitor) and lowering bath temperature (greater than 20 degrees C). 3. The two types of contraction could not be distinguished by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, cocaine (uptake 1 blocker) or metanephrine (uptake 2 blocker). 4. It is suggested that the tonic and rhythmic contractions induced by amines are mediated by different alpha-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lafi
- School of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Hants, UK
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16
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Vandeputte-Van Messon G, Burvenich C, Peeters G. Effect of serotonin on the motility of smooth muscles in teats of lactating cows. J DAIRY RES 1985; 52:347-53. [PMID: 3161915 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900024249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of serotonin, injected into one udder artery, on teat smooth muscle function were investigated in four lactating cows. Motility of longitudinal smooth muscles was recorded by a plethysmographic technique, and sphincter function by measuring milk leakage from the full udder. Serotonin (40, 120 and 360 micrograms) activated teat muscle tonicity and reduced the volume of milk leakage. The effects on longitudinal smooth muscles were reduced by mianserin and ketanserin (0.375, 1.5 and 6 mg) and by methysergide (1.5 mg). These blocking substances were also effective (0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg respectively) in antagonizing the inhibiting action of serotonin on milk leakage. It is suggested that serotonin effects are mediated by receptors of the S2-type.
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Karasawa A, Kubo K, Shuto K, Nakamizo N. Interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine and ketanserin in rat vas deferens subjected to low frequency field stimulation. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1985; 37:285-91. [PMID: 3158769 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.37.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and ketanserin was investigated in isolated rat vas deferens. Ketanserin (10(-7) M) almost completely abolished the phasic and the following rhythmic contractions induced by 5HT, whereas the inhibition by prazosin (10(-6) M) or methysergide (10(-6) M) of 5HT-induced contractions were incomplete. The amplitude of twitch contractions of vas deferens subjected to low frequency (0.1 Hz) field stimulation were substantially unchanged by 5HT (10(-7)-10(-5) M) per se. After pretreatment of the tissue with ketanserin (10(-8)-10(-6) M), 5HT, in a concentration-dependent manner, attenuated the amplitude of twitch contractions. Such attenuation of the amplitude was not observed after pretreatments with methysergide (10(-8)-10(-6) M) or prazosin (10(-7)-10(-5) M). The 5HT-induced inhibition of twitch contractions in the presence of ketanserin was not antagonized by phentolamine, propranolol, methysergide, morphine, promethazine, cimetidine, atropine or indomethacin. It is suggested that 5HT has dual (excitatory and inhibitory) effects upon nerve transmission of rat vas deferens, and only the excitatory effect is suppressed by ketanserin.
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Hay DW, Wadsworth RM. The effects of calcium channel inhibitors and other procedures affecting calcium translocation on drug-induced rhythmic contractions in the rat vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol 1983; 79:347-62. [PMID: 6652333 PMCID: PMC2044875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb11007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the rat isolated vas deferens, methoxamine 8.1 microM produced an initial phasic response that declined towards baseline and was followed by rhythmic contractions that continued until wash-out. These responses were predominant in the epididymal half. BaCl2 1 mM produced a similar type of response which was not mediated by noradrenaline release or activation of alpha-adrenoceptors. The barium responses were similar in the epididymal and prostatic halves. Incubation in nominally Ca2+-free solution caused abolition or near abolition of rhythmic contractions produced by barium or methoxamine. The initial phasic response to methoxamine was abolished in Ca2+-free solution, whereas that produced by barium persisted. Rhythmic contractions produced by methoxamine or barium were inhibited by Mg2+ (2.4-20 mM) and by La3+ (1-5 mM). Mg2+ had selectivity for inhibition of the frequency of methoxamine- but not barium-induced rhythmic contractions. Despite their dependence on [Ca2+]o, barium- and methoxamine-induced rhythmic contractions were resistant to inhibition by calcium channel inhibitors. Verapamil, nifedipine and flunarazine inhibited the amplitude of rhythmic contractions more readily than the frequency (methoxamine IC50 for verapamil: amplitude = 29.8 +/- 5.40 microM, n = 6, frequency = 96.7 +/- 31.0 microM, n = 5, for nifedipine: amplitude = 2.42 +/- 0.34 microM, n = 7, frequency = 3.24 +/- 0.75 microM, n = 7, and for flunarizine: amplitude = 15.9 +/- 5.95 microM, n = 7, frequency = 153 +/- 28.6 microM, n = 7). There was no differentiation between inhibition of methoxamine and barium-induced responses. Like Mg2+, methoxyverapamil selectively inhibited the frequency of methoxamine-induced contractions (IC50: amplitude = 16.8 +/- 2.86 microM, n = 5, frequency = 2.07 +/- 0.81 microM, n = 5) but not barium-induced contractions (IC50: amplitude = 13.9 +/- 1.95 microM, n = 5, frequency = 48.5 +/- 8.98 microM, n = 5). Diazoxide (43.3-2167 microM) and nitroprusside (3.36-6712 microM) had only a small effect on barium contractions, but produced a dose-related reduction in the amplitude of methoxamine-induced responses. Diazoxide and nitroprusside caused methoxamine contractions to occur in groups, although they had no effect on their overall frequency. It is concluded that barium- and methoxamine-induced rhythmic contractions in the rat vas deferens are mediated by the entry of [Ca2+]o via membrane calcium channels that have a lower affinity (10-100 X) for calcium channel inhibitors than those mediating the KCl response. Channels activated by methoxamine are concentrated in the epididymal half, whereas those opened by barium are evenly distributed. However, although responses to methoxamine and barium are similar in form, differences in the effects of some of the drugs tested, together with the results of previous studies, indicate that they produce contractions by different mechanisms.
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