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Pavlidis P, Deftereou TE, Karakasi MV, Papadopoulos N, Zissimopoulos A, Pagonopoulou O, Lambropoulou M. Intravenous Heroin Abuse and Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2016; 37:95-8. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Najafipour H, Joukar S. Combination of opium smoking and hypercholesterolemia augments susceptibility for lethal cardiac arrhythmia and atherogenesis in rabbit. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:154-159. [PMID: 22522425 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Opium consumption is increasing in some eastern societies, where it is grown. We investigated the effect of opium smoking on plasma atherogenic index and incidence of lethal cardiac arrhythmia, i.e. ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in rabbits. Animals were divided into two-, normo- and hyper-cholesterolemic main groups fed with normal or high cholesterol diet prior and during short-term and long-term exposure to opium smoke. Then, isoproterenol (3mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to induce cardiac ischemia and animals were followed for 3h for counting of lethal arrhythmia incidence. Long-term opium smoking significantly increased the plasma atherogenic index. In ischemic hearts, opium smoking along with hypercholesterolemia significantly enhanced the incidence of fatal arrhythmia. This vulnerability was not mediated by changes in QT interval. These data suggest that opium smoking, especially in hypercholesterolemic conditions, can be a predisposing factor for atherogenesis and lethal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Najafipour
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Antiarrhythmic effect of prolonged morphine exposure is accompanied by altered myocardial adenylyl cyclase signaling in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:351-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Enginar H, Ünak P, Yurt-Lambrecht F, Biber-Müftüler FZ, Seyitoğlu B, Yurt A, Yolcular S, Medine İ, Bulduk İ. Radiolabeling of Morphine with 131I and Its Biodistribution in Rats. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:409-16. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Enginar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Perihan Ünak
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yurt-Lambrecht
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazilet Z. Biber-Müftüler
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beyza Seyitoğlu
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yurt
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seniha Yolcular
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İlker Medine
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Bulduk
- Bolvadin Alkaloid Factory, Bolvadin, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Myocardial resistance to ischemic and reperfusion injuries under conditions of chronic administration of opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. Bull Exp Biol Med 2008; 145:696-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-008-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Leung CM, Dai S, Ogle CW. Changes in preganglionic sympathetic nerve function following chronic morphine treatment in rats. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 99:247-52. [PMID: 1970267 PMCID: PMC1917369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of acute or chronic morphine treatment on the changes in blood pressure and pulse rate in response to ganglionic stimulation or blockade and to vagal stimulation, and of isolated atria to field stimulation or noradrenaline, were studied. 2. In pithed rats, intravenously injected hexamethonium significantly depressed the blood pressure responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation. The ganglionic blocking effects of hexamethonium were significantly greater in chronically morphine-treated rats, but were not significantly affected by acute morphine administration in naive animals. 3. Intravenous administration of nicotine dose-dependently increased blood pressure and pulse rate. The magnitudes of these changes were not significantly affected by acute or chronic morphine pretreatment. 4. Studies with rat isolated atrial preparations revealed that the changes in atrial contractile rate and force in response to noradrenaline or field stimulation were not influenced by either acute or chronic morphine treatment. 5. Cervical vagal stimulation produced voltage- or frequency-dependent decreases in pulse rate and blood pressure. The responses were not significantly affected by chronic morphine treatment. 6. These findings suggest that the site of the changes in sympathetic function following prolonged exposure to the opiate appears to be on the preganglionic nerve fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Leung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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Schoemaker RG, Urquhart J, Debets JJ, Struyker Boudier HA, Smits JF. Acute hemodynamic effects of coronary artery ligation in conscious rats. Basic Res Cardiol 1990; 85:9-20. [PMID: 2327951 DOI: 10.1007/bf01907010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Because of the growing interest in the use of coronary artery ligation (CAL) in rats as a model for studies on heart failure, we have investigated the acute hemodynamic changes following CAL in conscious rats. Animals were equipped for measurement of cardiac output (CO), arterial pressure (MAP), and central venous pressure (CVP). These parameters were measured before CAL, immediately after, and 24 h after. Furthermore, peak CO, obtained by rapid infusion of 12 ml Ringer's solution (in 1 min) was measured 2 days before and 1 day after CAL. CAL resulted in immediate reduction of CO, because of reduced stroke volume (SV). CO as well as SV were inversely correlated with infarct size as determined 24 h after CAL. Heart rate (HR) and MAP did not change. Twenty-four hours later, CO was still reduced. MAP was now reduced, possibly as a result from resetting of nervous reflex mechanisms. Before CAL, peak CO and SV were similar in CAL and sham animals. At 24 h after CAL, these parameters were greatly reduced in CAL rats. Peak values were strongly correlated to infarct size. Results indicate that CAL in rats leads to hemodynamic changes similar to the ones observed following myocardial infarction in man. Cardiac function is related to infarct size and is altered both at rest and during maximal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Schoemaker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Leung CM, Dai S, Ogle CW. Arterial catecholamine levels in morphine-treated rats subjected to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 96:888-94. [PMID: 2743083 PMCID: PMC1854453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of acute or chronic morphine treatment on the changes in arterial noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation was studied in rats. 2. Rats which had been chronically treated with morphine in their drinking fluid for 21 days were shown to be morphine-tolerant, as revealed by the tail-immersion test for analgesia. 3. It was found that animals given either acute or chronic morphine treatment had similar basal concentrations of arterial catecholamines to their controls. 4. Sympathetic nerve stimulation produced significant increases in arterial noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in both the control and morphine-treated animals. However, the degree of arterial noradrenaline elevation was significantly less in morphine-tolerant animals. 5. This phenomenon was not observed in acutely morphine-treated rats or at 2 weeks following opiate withdrawal in animals which had been treated previously with morphine for 3 weeks. 6. The findings suggest that chronic morphine treatment in rats not only leads to opiate tolerance but also reduces catecholamine release in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Leung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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Ko WW, Dai S, Chan MY. Ventricular histamine concentrations in naive and morphine-treated rats during acute myocardial ischaemia. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1988; 24:95-101. [PMID: 3407556 DOI: 10.1007/bf01968085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ventricular histamine concentrations of naive and morphine-treated rats subjected to acute left coronary artery ligation were examined. In naive animals, there was a significant increase in the right ventricular histamine level at 5 min following ligation, but not at 3 or 10 min. Left ventricular histamine concentrations tended to decrease, but the changes were not statistically significant. In shamoperated rats, neither acute nor chronic morphine treatment significantly altered either right or left ventricular histamine levels. Acute morphine treatment also did not significantly affect the ventricular histamine content at 5 min following coronary artery ligation. However, both right and left ventricular histamine concentrations were found to be significantly lower in chronic morphine-treated rats than in the naive animals when they were subjected to acute myocardial ischaemia. If the hypothesis that histamine release may contribute to the genesis of early ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute myocardial ischaemia is accepted, the present findings suggest that the previously reported decreased incidence and delayed onset of early ventricular arrhythmias induced by acute left coronary artery ligation in chronic morphine-treated rats may be attributed to the reduced ventricular histamine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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Ko WW, Dai S, Chan MY. Ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in naïve and morphine-treated rats subjected to acute myocardial ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol 1988; 93:723-8. [PMID: 3390648 PMCID: PMC1853892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1 Ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in morphine-treated rats subjected to acute left coronary artery ligation were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 2 In naïve rats, acute left coronary artery ligation induced a significant increase in right ventricular noradrenaline concentration at 5 min and significant decreases in left ventricular noradrenaline concentration at 3 and 10 min. 3 Acute morphine treatment did not significantly alter ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in rats subjected to acute coronary artery ligation. 4 Chronic morphine treatment caused significant declines in ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in rats subjected to acute coronary artery ligation. The reductions increased with duration of opiate treatment, and were reversed by opiate withdrawal. 5 These findings indicate that there is an increase in sympathetic activity during acute myocardial ischaemia. It is suggested that chronic morphine treatment may be able to retard this response, and consequently to lessen the occurrence of early ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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Ko WW, Dai S, Chan MY. Cardiovascular responses to acute myocardial ischaemia in morphine-dependent rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1988; 15:23-31. [PMID: 3271603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. The cardiovascular responses to acute myocardial ischaemia were studied in opiate-dependent animals before and after 2 weeks morphine withdrawal. 2. Rats were treated with morphine sulphate in drinking water for 2, 3 or 5 weeks. The development of morphine tolerance and dependence was verified by the tail-immersion test for analgesia and the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome, respectively. 3. Acute left coronary artery ligation induced a decrease in blood pressure, a slight increase in heart rate and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in anaesthetized naive rats. 4. Chronic morphine treatment did not alter the haemodynamic responses to coronary artery ligation. However, a significantly lowered incidence, and prolonged time of onset, of ventricular arrhythmias was found in 3 and 5 week morphine-treated rats. This phenomenon did not occur in animals receiving morphine for 2 weeks and in a 3 week morphine-treated group which was subsequently withdrawn for 2 weeks. 5. It is suggested that the decreased occurrence of early ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute myocardial ischaemia in chronic morphine-treated rats may be related to the degree of opiate tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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