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Salvator H, Naline E, Brollo M, Tenor H, Grassin-Delyle S, Devillier P. Clinical relevance of the relaxant effects of roflumilast on human bronchus: potentiation by a long-acting beta-2-agonist. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:725-731. [PMID: 33145785 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Roflumilast is an oral, add-on option for treating patients with severe COPD and frequent exacerbations despite optimal therapy with inhaled drugs. The present study focused on whether this phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and its active metabolite roflumilast N-oxide affect the tone of human bronchial rings. We also investigated the interactions between roflumilast, roflumilast N-oxide and the long-acting β2 -agonist formoterol with regard to the relaxation of isolated human bronchial rings at basal tone or pre-contracted with histamine. Our results demonstrated for the first time that at a clinically relevant concentration (1 nm), roflumilast N-oxide and roflumilast induce a weak relaxation of the isolated human bronchus either at resting tone (22% and 16%, respectively) or even weaker on pre-contracted bronchus with histamine (7% and 5%, respectively). In addition, the combination of formoterol with roflumilast or roflumilast N-oxide is more potent than each component alone for relaxing pre-contracted isolated bronchi - the apparent pD2 of formoterol was significantly reduced for the threshold concentration of 1 nm of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors by a factor of 2.4 for roflumilast N-oxide and 1.9 for roflumilast. The full inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 activity is achieved at 100 nm but this high concentration only caused partial relaxations of the human bronchi. At a clinically relevant concentration, these oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors are not effective direct bronchodilators but could enhance the efficacy of inhaled long-acting β2-agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Salvator
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, V2I - UMR-0092, Université Paris Saclay, Suresnes, France.,Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, V2I - UMR-0092, Université Paris Saclay, Suresnes, France.,Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Marion Brollo
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, V2I - UMR-0092, Université Paris Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,INSERM U1173, Infection & Inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, V2I - UMR-0092, Université Paris Saclay, Suresnes, France.,Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
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Singh D, Abbott-Banner K, Bengtsson T, Newman K. The short-term bronchodilator effects of the dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor RPL554 in COPD. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01074-2018. [PMID: 30166326 PMCID: PMC6214575 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01074-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the short-term bronchodilator effects of RPL554 (an inhaled dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor) combined with other bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with reversibility (>150 mL to short-acting bronchodilators). Study 1 was a six-way, placebo-controlled crossover study (n=36) with single doses of RPL554 (6 mg), salbutamol (200 µg), ipratropium (40 µg), RPL554 (6 mg)+salbutamol (200 µg), RPL554 (6 mg)+ipratropium (40 µg) or placebo. Study 2 was a three-way crossover study (n=30) of tiotropium (18 µg) combined with RPL554 (1.5 or 6 mg) or placebo for 3 days. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), lung volumes and specific airway conductance (sGaw) were measured. In study 1, peak FEV1 change compared with placebo was similar with RPL554, ipratropium and salbutamol (mean 223, 199 and 187 mL, respectively). The peak FEV1 was higher for RPL554+ipratropium versus ipratropium (mean difference 94 mL; p<0.0001) and RPL554+salbutamol versus salbutamol (mean difference 108 mL; p<0.0001). In study 2 (day 3), both RPL554 doses caused greater peak FEV1 effects than placebo. The average FEV1(0–12 h) increase was greater with RPL554 6 mg only versus placebo (mean difference 65 mL; p=0.0009). In both studies, lung volumes and sGaw showed greater RPL554 combination treatment effects versus monotherapy. RPL554 combined with standard bronchodilators caused additional bronchodilation and hyperinflation reduction. The dual PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitor RPL554 causes additional bronchodilation when combined with commonly used short- or long-acting bronchodilatorshttp://ow.ly/CUYi30lDcYW
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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3
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Venkatasamy R, Spina D. Novel relaxant effects of RPL554 on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2335-51. [PMID: 27174172 PMCID: PMC4945770 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the effectiveness of RPL554, a dual PDE3 and 4 enzyme inhibitor, on airway smooth muscle relaxation and compared it with that induced by salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, glycopyrrolate or their combination on bronchomotor tone induced by different spasmogenic agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Guinea pig tracheal preparations were suspended under 1 g tension in Krebs-Henseleit solution maintained at 37°C and aerated with 95% O2 /5% CO2 and incubated in the presence of indomethacin (5 μM). Relaxation induced by cumulative concentrations of muscarinic receptor antagonists (ipratropium bromide or glycopyrrolate), β2 -adrenoceptor agonists (salbutamol or formoterol), PDE3 inhibitors (cilostamide, cilostazol or siguazodan) or a PDE4 inhibitor (roflumilast) was evaluated in comparison with RPL554. Maximal relaxation was calculated (% Emax papaverine) and expressed as mean ± SEM. KEY RESULTS Bronchomotor tone induced by the various spasmogens was reduced by the different bronchodilators to varying degrees. RPL554 (10-300 μM) caused near maximum relaxation irrespective of the spasmogen examined, whereas the efficacy of the other relaxant agents varied according to the contractile stimulus used. During the evaluation of potential synergistic interactions between bronchodilators, RPL554 proved superior to salbutamol when either was combined with muscarinic receptor antagonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RPL554 produced near maximal relaxation of highly contracted respiratory smooth muscle and provided additional relaxation compared with that produced by other clinically used bronchodilator drugs. This suggests that RPL554 has the potential to produce additional beneficial bronchodilation over and above that of maximal clinical doses of standard bronchodilators in highly constricted airways of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venkatasamy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
| | - D Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
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Page CP. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 165:152-64. [PMID: 25532037 DOI: 10.1159/000368800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthines like theophylline have long been recognised as being effective drugs for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They are of interest as they possess both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity in the same molecule. Since the discovery of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the late 1950s, it has been suggested that xanthines work, in part, by acting as non-selective PDE inhibitors. However, it has also been suggested that the ability of xanthines to non-selectively inhibit PDEs contributes to their many unwanted side effects, thus limiting their use since the arrival of inhaled drugs with more favourable safety profiles. As our understanding of PDEs has improved over the last 30 years, and with the recognition that the distribution of different PDEs varies across different cell types, this family of enzymes has been widely investigated as targets for novel drugs. In particular, PDE3 in airway smooth muscle and PDE4 and PDE7 in inflammatory cells have been targeted to provide new bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. This review discusses the progress made in this field over the last decade in the development of selective PDE inhibitors to treat COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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Abbott-Banner KH, Page CP. Dual PDE3/4 and PDE4 inhibitors: novel treatments for COPD and other inflammatory airway diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 114:365-76. [PMID: 24517491 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 and dual PDE3/4 inhibitors have attracted considerable interest as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases, largely by virtue of their anti-inflammatory (PDE4) and bifunctional bronchodilator/anti-inflammatory (PDE3/4) effects. Many of these agents have, however, failed in early development for various reasons, including dose-limiting side effects when administered orally and lack of sufficient activity when inhaled. Indeed, only one selective PDE4 inhibitor, the orally active roflumilast-n-oxide, has to date received marketing authorization. The majority of the compounds that have failed were, however, orally administered and non-selective for either PDE3 (A,B) or PDE4 (A,B,C,D) subtypes. Developing an inhaled dual PDE3/4 inhibitor that is rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation, potentially with subtype specificity, may represent one strategy to improve the therapeutic index and also exhibit enhanced efficacy versus inhibition of either PDE3 or PDE4 alone, given the potential positive interactions with regard to anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects that have been observed pre-clinically with dual inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 compared with inhibition of either isozyme alone. This MiniReview will summarize recent clinical data obtained with PDE inhibitors and the potential for these drugs to treat COPD and other inflammatory airways diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis.
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Calzetta L, Page CP, Spina D, Cazzola M, Rogliani P, Facciolo F, Matera MG. Effect of the Mixed Phosphodiesterase 3/4 Inhibitor RPL554 on Human Isolated Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:414-23. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Schudt C, Hatzelmann A, Beume R, Tenor H. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: history of pharmacology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:1-46. [PMID: 21695634 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17969-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first pharmacological investigations of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors were developed with the clinical efficacies of drugs isolated from coffee, cacao and tea but only later their relevant ingredients were identified as xanthines that act as PDE. With its diuretic, inotropic and bronchodilating clinical efficacy, use of theophylline anticipated the clinical goals, which were later approached with the first-generation of weakly selective PDE inhibitors in the period from 1980 to 1990. Pharmacological and clinical research with these early compounds provided a vast pool of information regarding desired and adverse actions - although most of these new drugs had to be discontinued due to severe adverse effects. The pharmacological models for cardiac, vascular and respiratory indications were analysed for their PDE isoenzyme profiles, and when biochemical and molecular biological approaches expanded our knowledge of the PDE superfamily, the purified isoenzymes that were now available opened the door for more systematic studies of inhibitors and for generation of highly selective isoenzyme-specific drugs. The development of simple screening models and clinically relevant indication models reflecting the growing knowledge about pathomechanisms of disease are summarised here for today's successful application of highly selective PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors. The interplay of serendipitous discoveries, the establishment of intelligent pharmacological models and the knowledge gain by research results with new substances is reviewed. The broad efficacies of new substances in vitro, the enormous biodiversity of the PDE isoenzyme family and the sophisticated biochemical pharmacology enabled Viagra to be the first success story in the field of PDE inhibitor drug development, but probably more success stories will follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schudt
- Department of Biologics, Nycomed GmbH, 78467, Konstanz, Germany.
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Oualha M, Boitiaux JF, Tadié JM, Cazes A, Riquet M, Naline E, Israël-Biet D, Delclaux C. Association of ex vivo vascular and bronchial dysfunctions in smokers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 24:227-31. [PMID: 21187156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has recently been shown that systemic endothelial dysfunction is associated with airflow limitation in COPD. We conducted this ex vivo study to assess whether endothelial dysfunction of pulmonary arteries of former smokers was associated with modifications of airway functions. METHODS Pharmacological experiments were conducted on arterial and bronchial rings obtained from lung specimen of 20 patients: 13 smokers without COPD and 7 smokers with mild to moderate COPD (GOLD class I or II). The impairment of acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation (constriction) of preconstricted arterial rings defined endothelial dysfunction. Resting tone (initial and after a contraction test) and cGMP-mediated dilation of bronchial rings in response to zaprinast were evaluated. RESULTS Initial airway resting tone was correlated with airflow limitation (FEV(1) % predicted: Rho = -0.49; p = 0.032). The acetylcholine response of arterial rings was correlated with zaprinast-induced bronchodilation (Rho = 0.54, p = 0.019). Patients with endothelial dysfunction (n = 5), as compared with those displaying no dysfunction (n = 15), were characterized by an increased resting tone (after contraction test), an impaired response to zaprinast but a similar degree of airflow limitation (FEV(1)). CONCLUSION Endothelial dysfunction of pulmonary arteries is associated with increased resting tone and impaired cGMP-mediated dilation of airways in former smokers, suggesting common underlying mechanisms of pulmonary arterial and bronchial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Oualha
- Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, UPRES EA 4068, Paris, France
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Psarra TA, Batzias GC, Peeters TL, Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou M. The gastrointestinal effects that may follow the administration of theophylline reflect the pharmacodynamic profiles of both the parent drug and its metabolites. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 24:171-80. [PMID: 19788565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of theophylline along the rabbit gastrointestinal tract in comparison with the pharmacodynamic effect produced by the combined application of its three major metabolites. At concentrations up to 10(-3) m, theophylline relaxed, in a declining order from the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) to pylorus, all regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract, but only the ascending colon from the intestinal regions studied. At concentrations higher than 10(-3) m, instead of relaxing, theophylline strongly contracted the antrum and pylorus. In all three small intestinal regions, at concentrations up to 10(-3) m, theophylline produced a weak contraction, which at higher concentrations became very strong, and at 10(-2) m was comparable to that produced by a supramaximal dose of acetylcholine. The additive relaxing effect resulting from the combined application of the theophylline's metabolites was, from oesophagus to pylorus, weaker than that produced by theophylline, while on the ascending colon it was comparable to that of the parent drug. In contrast, the additive contractile effect of the metabolites on the three small intestinal regions was four to five times higher the one produced by theophylline. In conclusion, this study shows that the additive effect of the combined application of theophylline's major metabolites on the rabbit gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in the final response of the intestine, and a minor one in the final responses of the gastric regions, while both the parent drug and the metabolites contribute to the final responses of the oesophagus and LOS.
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Banner KH, Press NJ. Dual PDE3/4 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:892-906. [PMID: 19508401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)4, and to a lesser extent, PDE3/4 inhibitors have attracted considerable interest as potential therapeutic agents for diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indeed, ibudilast and theophylline are utilized clinically, and roflumilast is in late-stage clinical development. Unfortunately, however many PDE4 and dual PDE3/4 inhibitors have failed in early development due to low therapeutic ratios. The majority of these compounds are however orally administered and non-selective for either PDE3(A, B) or PDE4(A, B, C, D) subtypes. Developing an inhaled dual PDE3/4 inhibitor with subtype specificity may represent one strategy to improve the therapeutic index. Indeed combined inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitor has additive and synergistic anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects versus inhibition of either PDE3 or PDE4 alone. Given that synergy has been seen in terms of efficacy end points, an obvious concern is that synergy may also be observed in side effects. Interestingly, however, no synergy or additive effects with a combination of a PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitor in a cardiomyocyte assay were observed. This review will summarize the rationale for developing an inhaled dual PDE3/4 inhibitor, as a treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease together with recent advances in trying to understand the pathogenesis of PDE inhibitor-induced mesenteric vasculitis (a key potential dose-limiting side effect of these agents), highlighting potential early and sensitive predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine H Banner
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, UK.
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Press NJ, Banner KH. PDE4 inhibitors - a review of the current field. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 47:37-74. [PMID: 19328289 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)00202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Press
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, UK
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Psarra TA, Batzias GC, Peeters TL, Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou M. Theophylline and its metabolites produce a stimulating cholinergic effect on the small intestine and a nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxing effect on the colon: a comparative study in the rabbit intestine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:541-9. [PMID: 17991222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines comparatively the effects of theophylline and its metabolites, 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 1,3-dimethyluric acid (1,3-DMU) and 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) along the rabbit intestine, and explores the underlying mechanism(s). In the small intestine, theophylline produces atropine- and hexamethonium-sensitive increases in both the amplitude of phasic contractions and the basal tone. All metabolites mimic the theophylline's stimulating effect. In particular, concerning the phasic contractions, all metabolites are more potent than theophylline in the duodenum and jejunum, while in the ileum, only 1-MU is more potent. Regarding the basal tone, the metabolites show, in most cases, higher efficacy in all small intestinal regions, the maximum effects of 3-MX and 1-MU on the duodenum and ileum being double or triple the one of theophylline. In the ascending colon, while lower concentrations of theophylline produce an atropine- and hexamethonium-sensitive increase in the basal tone, higher ones produce a postsynaptic, nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) relaxing effect. 1-MU mimics, in a weaker manner, theophylline's effect, while the other metabolites produce only relaxation, the potency rank of order being 3-MX>1-MX=1,3-DMU>theophylline. It is suggested that the theophylline and its metabolites stimulatory effect involves a cholinergic pathway, while the relaxing one is due to 3('),5(')-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevation mediated by the theophylline and its metabolites inhibitory action on phosphodiesterases (PDEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Psarra
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tang HF, Chen JQ, Xie QM, Zheng XY, Zhu YL, Adcock I, Wang X. The role of PDE4 in pulmonary inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1762:525-32. [PMID: 16469485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been suggested to a critical factor in the pathogenesis of inflammation by metabolizing cAMP in human leukocytes, endothelium and epithelium. The present study aimed at evaluating the PDE4 activity and expression, the relationship between the inflammation and cAMP- activity in the lungs, and potential interventions of PDE inhibitors and antiinflammatory drugs in the reduction of lung inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic rats. The total leukocyte number and eosinophil number in bronchoalveolar lavegar fluid and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the perivascular and peribronchial spaces, structure changes and goblet cell hyperplasia in the OVA-sensitized and challenged allergic rats. A significant correlation was observed between the increases in cAMP-PDE activity and inflammation in the lung. Those OVA-induced changes were prevented by pretreatment with PDE inhibitor in a dose-related patterns and with glucocorticosteriod. We found an increase in the proportion of PDE4 and PDE4 gene expression, while a decrease in the proportion of PDE3 in the lung of the allergic rats. Incubation with different PDE inhibitors down-regulated OVA-induced cAMP hydrolysis. Our data suggest that PDE4C may play an important role in the airway inflammation, remodeling and goblet cell hyperplasia after repeated challenge of sensitized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Tang
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Foods and Drugs Administration of China, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China
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Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Oxford AW, Comer MB, Seeds EA, Page CP. The Pharmacology of Two Novel Long-Acting Phosphodiesterase 3/4 Inhibitors, RPL554 [9,10-Dimethoxy-2(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)-3-(N-carbamoyl-2-aminoethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one] and RPL565 [6,7-Dihydro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-4H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:840-8. [PMID: 16682455 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.099192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacology of two novel, trequinsin-like PDE3/4 inhibitors, RPL554 [9,10-dimethoxy-2(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)-3-(N-carbamoyl-2-aminoethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido-[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one] and RPL565 [6,7-dihydro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-4H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one], has been investigated in a number of in vitro and in vivo assays. Electrical field stimulation-induced contraction of guinea pig superfused isolated tracheal preparations was significantly inhibited by RPL554 (10 microM) and RPL565 (10 microM) (percentage control; 93 +/- 1.2 and 84.4 +/- 2.7, respectively). Contractile responses were suppressed for up to 12 h after termination of superfusion with RPL554 demonstrating a long duration of action. RPL554 and RPL565 inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha release from human monocytes [IC50; 0.52 microM (0.38-0.69) and 0.25 microM (0.18-0.35), respectively] and proliferation of human mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin [IC50; 0.46 microM (0.24-0.9) and 2.90 microM (1.6-5.4), respectively]. The inhibitory effect of these drugs in vitro was translated into anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. RPL554 (10 mg/kg) and RPL565 (10 mg/kg) administered orally significantly inhibited eosinophil recruitment following antigen challenge in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. Likewise, inhalation of dry powder containing RPL554 by conscious guinea pigs (25% in micronized lactose) 1.5 h before antigen exposure significantly inhibited the recruitment of eosinophils to the airways. Exposure of conscious guinea pigs to inhalation of dry powder containing RPL554 (2.5%) and RPL565 (25%) in micronized lactose significantly inhibited histamine-induced plasma protein extravasation in the trachea and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction over a 5.5-h period. Thus, RPL554 and RPL565 are novel, long-acting PDE 3/4 inhibitors exhibiting a broad range of both bronchoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Boswell-Smith
- The Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Manley PW, Acemoglu M, Marterer W, Pachinger W. Large-Scale Negishi Coupling as Applied to the Synthesis of PDE472, an Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase Type 4D. Org Process Res Dev 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/op025615q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Manley
- Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical and Analytical Development, Process R & D, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Murat Acemoglu
- Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical and Analytical Development, Process R & D, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Marterer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical and Analytical Development, Process R & D, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Werner Pachinger
- Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical and Analytical Development, Process R & D, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Reimund JM, Raboisson P, Pinna G, Lugnier C, Bourguignon JJ, Muller CD. Anti-TNF-alpha properties of new 9-benzyladenine derivatives with selective phosphodiesterase-4- inhibiting properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:427-34. [PMID: 11606060 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory cells, intracellular cAMP concentration is regulated by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 4. Therefore, PDE4 inhibition appears as a rational goal for treating acute or chronic inflammatory diseases. Selective PDE4 inhibitors have been developed, but due to unwanted side effects, search for new selective PDE4-inhibitors had to be pursued. Recently, Boichot et al. (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2000) 292, 647-653) showed that 9-benzyladenine derivatives are selective PDE4 inhibitors. In vivo data in animals suggested that they may induce fewer side effects (emesis). We examined the effects of new 9-benzyladenines on TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 production by lipopolysaccharide-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and compared them to other PDEs inhibitors. Selected potent 9-benzyladenines, strongly inhibited TNF-alpha production. Interleukin-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 production was not significantly affected. Our results suggest that some of these new adenines (i.e., NCS 675 and NCS 700), may be potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Reimund
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Physico-Chimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires (UMR 7034 du CNRS), Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, UFR de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Naline E, Bardou M, Devillier P, Molimard M, Dumas M, Chalon P, Manara L, Advenier C. Inhibition by SR 59119A of isoprenaline-, forskolin- and VIP-induced relaxation of human isolated bronchi. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2000; 13:167-74. [PMID: 10930355 DOI: 10.1006/pupt.2000.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the human isolated bronchus (HIB) it has been shown that beta(3)-adrenoceptor stimulation fails to induce relaxation of airway smooth muscle. It has however been reported in human ventricular endomyocardial biopsies that beta(3)-adrenoceptor stimulation induced a marked negative inotropic effect which could be linked to Gi protein activation. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine in HIB (internal diameter 1-2 mm) whether the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist SR 59119A (N[7-methoxy-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-(2R)methyl]-(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-chloroph eny l)e thanamine hydrochloride) was able to inhibit adenylate-cyclase-mediated airway smooth muscle relaxation induced by isoprenaline, forskolin or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and (2) to investigate the role of the Gi protein in this interaction. SR 59119A (0.1 microM and 1 microM) induced a shift to the right of concentration response curve for isoprenaline (-0. 15+/-0.06 and -0.54+/-0.21 log unit, P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively), forskolin (-0.12+/-0.02 and -0.30+/-0.05 log unit, P<0.001), and VIP (-0.42+/-0.12 log unit, P<0.01 with SR59119A 10(-6)M). The inhibitory effect of SR 59119A was (1) abolished by an incubation of HIB with pertussis toxin (1 microg/ml, during 15 h in Krebs-Henseleit solution, at 21 degrees C), which is known to inactivate the Gi protein and (2) increased after an incubation of HIB with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta (10 ng/ml, during 15 h in Krebs-Henseleit solution, at 21 degrees C), which is known to up-regulate Gi protein expression. Our results suggest that the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist SR59119A might inhibit the cAMP-dependent relaxation of human isolated bronchus through Gi protein-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Naline
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ouest, 15 Rue de Lécole de Médecine, Paris, France
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Cortijo J, Villagrasa V, Pons R, Berto L, Martí-Cabrera M, Martinez-Losa M, Domenech T, Beleta J, Morcillo EJ. Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities of glaucine: In vitro studies in human airway smooth muscle and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 127:1641-51. [PMID: 10455321 PMCID: PMC1566148 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are of potential interest in the treatment of asthma. We examined the effects of the alkaloid S-(+)-glaucine, a PDE4 inhibitor, on human isolated bronchus and granulocyte function. 2. Glaucine selectively inhibited PDE4 from human bronchus and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in a non-competitive manner (Ki=3.4 microM). Glaucine displaced [3H]-rolipram from its high-affinity binding sites in rat brain cortex membranes (IC50 approximately 100 microM). 3. Glaucine inhibited the spontaneous and histamine-induced tone in human isolated bronchus (pD2 approximately 4.5). Glaucine (10 microM) did not potentiate the isoprenaline-induced relaxation but augmented cyclic AMP accumulation by isoprenaline. The glaucine-induced relaxation was resistant to H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. Glaucine depressed the contractile responses to Ca2+ (pD'2 approximately 3.62) and reduced the sustained rise of [Ca2+]i produced by histamine in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (-log IC50 approximately 4.3). 4. Glaucine augmented cyclic AMP levels in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes challenged with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) or isoprenaline, and inhibited FMLP-induced superoxide generation, elastase release, leukotriene B4 production, [Ca2+]i signal and platelet aggregation as well as opsonized zymosan-, phorbol myristate acetate-, and A23187-induced superoxide release. The inhibitory effect of glaucine on superoxide generation by FMLP was reduced by H-89. 5. In conclusion, Ca2+ channel antagonism by glaucine appears mainly responsible for the relaxant effect of glaucine in human isolated bronchus while PDE4 inhibition contributes to the inhibitory effects of glaucine in human granulocytes. The very low PDE4/binding site ratio found for glaucine makes this compound attractive for further structure-activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cortijo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, E-46010 València, Spain.
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Cortijo J, Naline E, Ortiz JL, Berto L, Girard V, Malbezin M, Advenier C, Morcillo EJ. Effects of fenspiride on human bronchial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes: functional and biochemical study. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 341:79-86. [PMID: 9489859 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of human bronchial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in the effects of fenspiride, a drug endowed with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. Functional studies on human isolated bronchi showed that fenspiride (10(-6)-3 x 10(-3) M, 30 min) induced a shift to the left of the concentration-response curves for isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside with -logEC50 values of 4.1+/-0.1 (n = 7) and 3.5+/-0.2 (n = 8), respectively. Biochemical studies were carried out on three human bronchi in which separation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes was performed by ion exchange chromatography followed by determination of phosphodiesterase activity with a radioisotopic method. Phosphodiesterase 4 (cyclic AMP-specific) and phosphodiesterase 5 (cyclic GMP-specific) were the major phosphodiesterase isoforms present in the human bronchial tissue. The presence of phosphodiesterase 1 (Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated), phosphodiesterase 2 (cyclic GMP-stimulated) and, in two cases, phosphodiesterase 3 (cyclic GMP-inhibited) was also identified. Fenspiride inhibited phosphodiesterase 4 and phosphodiesterase 3 activities with -logIC50 values of 4.16+/-0.09 and 3.44+/-0.12, respectively. Phosphodiesterase 5 activity was also inhibited with a -logIC50 value of approximately 3.8. Fenspiride (< or = 10(-3) M) produced less than 25% inhibition of phosphodiesterase 1 and phosphodiesterase 2 activities. In conclusion, fenspiride is an effective inhibitor of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP hydrolytic activity in human bronchial tissues and this action may contribute to its airway effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Spain
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Phosphodiesterases 4 Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)61075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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