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Hoffman M, Kyriazis ID, Dimitriou A, Mishra SK, Koch WJ, Drosatos K. B-type natriuretic peptide is upregulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and contributes to septic hypotension. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133675. [PMID: 32324169 PMCID: PMC7205432 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to various types of cardiac stress and has been used as a heart failure marker. In septic patients, increased BNP suggests poor prognosis; however, no causal link has been established. Among various effects, BNP decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases natriuresis that leads to lower blood pressure. We previously observed that JNK inhibition corrects cardiac dysfunction and suppresses cardiac BNP mRNA in endotoxemia. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional mechanism that regulates BNP expression and the involvement of plasma BNP in causing septic hypotension. Our in vitro and in vivo findings confirmed that activation of JNK signaling increases BNP expression in sepsis via direct binding of c-Jun in activating protein–1 (AP-1) regulatory elements of the Nppb promoter. Accordingly, genetic ablation of BNP, as well as treatment with a potentially novel neutralizing anti-BNP monoclonal antibody (19B3) or suppression of its expression via administration of JNK inhibitor SP600125 improved cardiac output, stabilized blood pressure, and improved survival in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Therefore, inhibition of JNK signaling or BNP in sepsis appears to stabilize blood pressure and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioannis D Kyriazis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandra Dimitriou
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Podewin T, Broichhagen J, Frost C, Groneberg D, Ast J, Meyer-Berg H, Fine NHF, Friebe A, Zacharias M, Hodson DJ, Trauner D, Hoffmann-Röder A. Optical control of a receptor-linked guanylyl cyclase using a photoswitchable peptidic hormone. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4644-4653. [PMID: 28626572 PMCID: PMC5471452 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical control over biological function with small photoswitchable molecules has gathered significant attention in the last decade. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a small library of photoswitchable peptidomimetics based upon human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), in which the photochromic amino acid [3-(3-aminomethyl)phenylazo]phenylacetic acid (AMPP) is incorporated into the peptide backbone. The endogeneous hormone ANP signals via the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) through raising intracellular cGMP concentrations, and is involved in blood pressure regulation and sodium homeostasis, as well as lipid metabolism and pancreatic function. The cis- and trans-isomers of one of our peptidomimetics, termed TOP271, exhibit a four-fold difference in NPR-A mediated cGMP synthesis in vitro. Despite this seemingly small difference, TOP271 enables large, optically-induced conformational changes ex vivo and transforms the NPR-A into an endogenous photoswitch. Thus, application of TOP271 allows the reversible generation of cGMP using light and remote control can be afforded over vasoactivity in explanted murine aortic rings, as well as pancreatic beta cell function in islets of Langerhans. This study demonstrates the broad applicability of TOP271 to enzyme-dependent signalling processes, extends the toolbox of photoswitchable molecules to all classes of transmembrane receptors and utilizes photopharmacology to deduce receptor activation on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Podewin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Christina Frost
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg , Institute of Physiology , Röntgenring 9 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Helena Meyer-Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg , Institute of Physiology , Röntgenring 9 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK
- Centre for Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism , Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham , B15 2TH , UK
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , LMU Munich , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany . ;
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Pernomian L, Prado AF, Silva BR, Azevedo A, Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE, Bendhack LM. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Induces Anti-contractile Effect Dependent on Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and NPR-B Activation in Sepsis. Front Physiol 2016; 7:226. [PMID: 27445832 PMCID: PMC4917550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the role of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and natriuretic peptide receptor-B activation in C-type natriuretic peptide-anti-contractile effect on Phenylephrine-induced contraction in aorta isolated from septic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery was used to induce sepsis in male rats. Vascular reactivity was conducted in rat aorta and resistance mesenteric artery (RMA). Measurement of survival rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma nitric oxide, specific protein expression, and localization were evaluated. Septic rats had a survival rate about 37% at 4 h after the surgery, and these rats presented hypotension compared to control-operated (Sham) rats. Phenylephrine-induced contraction was decreased in sepsis. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) induced anti-contractile effect in aortas. Plasma nitric oxide was increased in sepsis. Nitric oxide-synthase but not natriuretic peptide receptor-B expression was increased in septic rat aortas. C-type natriuretic peptide-anti-contractile effect was dependent on nitric oxide-synthase, ROS, and natriuretic peptide receptor-B activation. Natriuretic peptide receptor-C, protein kinase-Cα mRNA, and basal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent ROS production were lower in septic rats. Phenylephrine and CNP enhanced ROS production. However, stimulated ROS production was low in sepsis. CONCLUSION CNP induced anti-contractile effect on Phenylephrine contraction in aortas from Sham and septic rats that was dependent on nitric oxide-synthase, ROS, and natriuretic peptide receptor-B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laena Pernomian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alejandro F Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline Azevedo
- Department of Biomechanics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Chu M, Gao Y, Zhou B, Wu B, Wang J, Xu D. Circumferential Strain Can Be Used to Detect Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction and Predict the Mortality of Severe Sepsis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155346. [PMID: 27177150 PMCID: PMC4866772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a common and severe complication of septic shock. However, conventional echocardiography often fails to reveal myocardial depression in severe sepsis. Recently, strain measurements based on speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have been used to evaluate cardiac function. AIMS To investigate the role of STE in detecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction, M-mode and 2-D echocardiography were used in LPS-treated mice. METHODS The mice were treated with a 10mg/kg (n = 10), 20mg/kg (n = 10) or 25mg/kg LPS (n = 30) to induce cardiac dysfunction. Subsequently, the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured with standard M-mode tracings, whereas the circumferential (Scirc) and radial strain (Srad) were measured with STE. Serum biochemical and cardiac histopathological examinations were performed to assess sepsis-induced myocardial injury. RESULTS 20mg/kg LPS resulted in more deterioration, myocardial damage and cardiac contractile dysfunction based on serum biochemical and histological examinations. The mice that were subjected to 20mg/kg LPS exhibited reduced Scirc but no reduction in Srad, whereas on conventional echocardiography, the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were similar in the 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg groups. Moreover, Scirc was positively correlated with body temperature in the mice at 20 h after LPS injection (r = 0.746, p = 0.001), but no significant correlation was observed between Srad and body temperature (r = 0.356, p = 0.123). Moreover, the mice with high Scirc (-5.9% to -10.4%) exhibited reduced mortality following the administration of 25mg/kg LPS (p = 0.03) compared with the low-strain group (-2% to -5.9%). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate that circumferential strain is a specific and reliable indicator for evaluating LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (DX)
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (DX)
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Chu M, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Zhou B, Wu B, Yao J, Xu D. The role of speckle tracking echocardiography in assessment of lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice. J Thorac Dis 2016; 7:2253-61. [PMID: 26793347 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a common and severe complication of septic shock. Conventional echocardiography often fails to reveal myocardial depression in severe sepsis due to hemodynamic changes; in contrast, decline of strain measurements by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) may indicate impaired cardiac function. This study investigates the role of STE in detecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction with mouse models. METHODS We evaluated cardiac function in 20 mice at baseline, 6 h (n=10) and 20 h (n=10) after LPS injection to monitor the development of heart failure induced by severe sepsis using 2-D and M-mode echocardiography. Ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured with standard M-mode tracings, whereas circumferential and radial strain was derived from STE. Serum biochemical and cardiac histopathological examinations were performed to determine sepsis-induced myocardial injury. RESULTS Left ventricular (LV) myocardial function was significantly reduced at 6 h after LPS treatment assessed by circumferential strain (-14.65%±3.00% to -8.48%±1.72%, P=0.006), whereas there were no significant differences between 6 and 20 h group. Conversely, EF and FS were significantly increased at 20 h when comparing to 6 h (P<0.05) accompanied with marked decreases in EF and FS 6 h following LPS administration. Consistent with strain echocardiographic results, we showed that LPS injection leaded to elevated serum level of cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT), CK-MB and rising leucocytes infiltration into myocardium within 20 h. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrate that, circumferential strain by STE is a specific and reliable value for evaluating LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingruo Wu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yao
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Di Xu
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
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Physiological levels of A-, B- and C-type natriuretic peptide shed the endothelial glycocalyx and enhance vascular permeability. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effects of lipopolysaccharide on the neuronal control of mesenteric vascular tone in rats: mechanisms involved. Shock 2012; 38:328-34. [PMID: 22744306 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31826240ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the contractile response induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in rat mesenteric segments, as well as the mechanisms involved. Effects of LPS incubation for 2 or 5 h were studied in mesenteric segments from male Wistar rats. Vasomotor responses to EFS, nitric oxide (NO) donor DEA-NO, and noradrenaline (NA) were studied. Phosphorylated neuronal NO synthase protein expression was analyzed, and NO, superoxide anion (O2·), and peroxynitrite releases were also determined. Lipopolysaccharide increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction at 2 h. This increase was lower after 5-h preincubation. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester increased vasoconstrictor response only in control segments. Vasodilator response to DEA-NO was increased by LPS after 5-h preincubation and was decreased by O2· scavenger tempol. Basal NO release was increased by LPS. Electrical field stimulation-induced NO release was reduced by LPS compared with control conditions. Lipopolysaccharide exposure increased both O2· and peroxynitrite release. Vasoconstriction to exogenous NA was markedly increased by LPS compared with control conditions after 2-h incubation and remained unchanged after 5-h incubation. Short-term exposure of rat mesenteric arteries to LPS produced a time-dependent enhanced contractile response to EFS. The early phase (2 h) was associated to a reduction in NO from neuronal NO synthase and an enhanced response to NA. After 5 h of LPS exposure, this enhancement was reduced, because of restoration of the adrenergic component and maintenance of the nitrergic reduction.
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Wang Y, Yu C, Pan Y, Yang X, Huang Y, Feng Z, Li X, Yang S, Liang G. A novel synthetic mono-carbonyl analogue of curcumin, A13, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in vivo by inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation 2012; 35:594-604. [PMID: 21614553 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule against inflammatory related diseases. However, poor bioavailability greatly limits its application in clinic. Our previous study synthesized and evaluated a hydrosoluble mono-carbonyl analogue of curcumin, (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(4-(3-(dimethylamino)-propoxy)benzylidene)cyclopentanone (A13). In the present study, we further evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of A13 in vivo. In lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice, pretreatment of A13 (15 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuated the increase of plasma level of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, significantly inhibited the increase of hepatic inflammatory gene transcription, and improved pulmonary damages. In addition, A13 (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced vascular permeability in Institute of Cancer Research mice and inhibited pain reaction in chemically induced inflammatory models. Together, A13 exhibits anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo by the inhibition of various inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Jiang N, Xin W, Wang T, Zhang L, Fan H, Du Y, Li C, Fu F. Protective effect of aescin from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum on liver injury induced by endotoxin in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1276-1284. [PMID: 21802269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of aescin on acute liver injury induced by endotoxin, liver injury was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Animals were assigned to seven groups: the control group and groups treated with LPS (40 mg/kg), aescin (3.6 mg/kg), LPS plus dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) and LPS plus aescin (0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mg/kg). Hepatic histopathological changes were examined under a light microscope. Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were determined. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative parameters in liver homogenate were measured. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) expressions in liver were determined by western blotting. Treatment with escin could inhibit immigration of inflammatory cells, alleviate the degree of necrosis, and decrease serum ALT and AST activities. Aescin also down-regulated levels of inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and NO) and 11β-HSD2 expression in liver, up-regulated GR expression, enhanced endogenous antioxidative capacity, but have no obvious effect on 11β-HSD1 expression in liver. The findings suggest aescin has protective effects on endotoxin-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were associated with its anti-inflammatory effects, up-regulating GR expression, down-regulating 11β-HSD2 experssion, and antixoidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
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Wang Y, Yu C, Pan Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Ye F, Yang S, Zhang H, Li X, Liang G. A novel compound C12 inhibits inflammatory cytokine production and protects from inflammatory injury in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24377. [PMID: 21931698 PMCID: PMC3169595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases. Although steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are main anti-inflammatory therapeutical agents, they may cause serious side effects. Therefore, developing non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents is urgently needed. A novel hydrosoluble compound, C12 (2,6-bis(4-(3-(dimethylamino)-propoxy)benzylidene)cyclohexanone), has been designed and synthesized as an anti-inflammatory agent in our previous study. In the present study, we investigated whether C12 can affect inflammatory processes in vitro and in vivo. In mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, C12 potently inhibited the production of the proinflammatory gene expression including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE synthase. The activity of C12 was partly dependent on inhibition of ERK/JNK (but p38) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. In vivo, C12 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in plasma and liver, attenuated lung histopathology, and significantly reduced mortality in endotoxemic mice. In addition, the pre-treatment with C12 reduced the inflammatory pain in the acetic acid and formalin models and reduced the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and acetic acid-increased vascular permeability. Taken together, C12 has multiple anti-inflammatory effects. These findings, coupled with the low toxicity and hydrosolubility of C12, suggests that this agent may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Yu
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Pan
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Li
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqing Ye
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- Norman Bethune College of Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Wink DA, Hines HB, Cheng RYS, Switzer CH, Flores-Santana W, Vitek MP, Ridnour LA, Colton CA. Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 89:873-91. [PMID: 21233414 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of redox molecules, such as NO and ROS, as key mediators of immunity has recently garnered renewed interest and appreciation. To regulate immune responses, these species trigger the eradication of pathogens on the one hand and modulate immunosuppression during tissue-restoration and wound-healing processes on the other. In the acidic environment of the phagosome, a variety of RNS and ROS is produced, thereby providing a cauldron of redox chemistry, which is the first line in fighting infection. Interestingly, fluctuations in the levels of these same reactive intermediates orchestrate other phases of the immune response. NO activates specific signal transduction pathways in tumor cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. As ROS can react directly with NO-forming RNS, NO bioavailability and therefore, NO response(s) are changed. The NO/ROS balance is also important during Th1 to Th2 transition. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of NO and ROS in the context of antipathogen activity and immune regulation and also discuss similarities and differences between murine and human production of these intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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