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Khazei K, Mohajeri N, Bonabi E, Turk Z, Zarghami N. New Insights Toward Nanostructured Drug Delivery of Plant-Derived Polyphenol Compounds: Cancer Treatment and Gene Expression Profiles. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:689-701. [PMID: 34036921 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210525152802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cancer has led to the expansion of traditional medicine objectives for developing novel drug delivery systems. A wide range of plant-derived polyphenol bioactive substances have been investigated in order to explore anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds and to promote effective treatment of cancer through apoptosis induction. In this regard, plant-derived polyphenol compounds including curcumin, silibinin, quercetin, and resveratrol have been the subject of intense interest for anti-cancer applications due to their ability in regulating apoptotic genes. However, some limitations of pure polyphenol compounds, such as poor bioavailability, short-term stability, low-cellular uptake, and insufficient solubility, have restricted their efficiency. Nanoscale formulations of bioactive agents have provided a novel platform to address these limitations. This paper reviews recent advances in nanoformulation approaches of polyphenolic drugs, and their effects on improving the delivery of chemotherapy agents to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Khazei
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esat Bonabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Zeynep Turk
- Center for Applied and Theoretical Research on Higher Education, İstanbul Aydın University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Dou D, Li XK, Xia QS, Chen YY, Li YL, Wang C, Qi ZR, Tan HY. Circulating miRNA-202-3p is a potential novel biomarker for diagnosis of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:188. [PMID: 33892648 PMCID: PMC8066967 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there are no circulating diagnostic biomarkers for gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs). In previous studies, we found that miRNA-202-3p is overexpressed in the tumour tissue of type 1 g-NEN. We speculated that miRNA-202-3p is also likely to be highly expressed in circulating blood. Methods A total of 27 patients with type 1 g-NEN and 27 age- and sex-matched control participants were enrolled in this study. The miRNA-202-3p levels in serum obtained from the participants were measured by qRT‐PCR. The expression level of miRNA-202-3p in the samples was calculated by comparison with a standard curve. Results The clinical characteristics of the patients were similar to those of the patient samples in previous reports. Expression of miRNA-202-3p was significantly higher in the patient group (3.84 × 107 copies/nl) than in the control group (0.635 × 107 copies/nl). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.788–0.968), and the optimal cut-off point was approximately 1.12 × 107 copies/nl. The sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% and 77.8%, respectively. Conclusion This study suggests that miRNA-202-3p is potentially useful as a biomarker of type 1 g-NEN; further investigation and verification should be performed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Kou Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Qi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huang-Ying Tan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Regulators of Human Dendritic Cell-mediated Immune Function. J Immunother 2018; 41:169-180. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Davatgaran-Taghipour Y, Masoomzadeh S, Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Karimi-Soureh Z, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M. Polyphenol nanoformulations for cancer therapy: experimental evidence and clinical perspective. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2689-2702. [PMID: 28435252 PMCID: PMC5388197 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is defined as the abnormal cell growth that can cause life-threatening malignancies with high financial costs for patients as well as the health care system. Natural polyphenols have long been used for the prevention and treatment of several disorders due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects discussed in the literature; thus, these phytochemicals are potentially able to act as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in different types of cancer. One of the problems regarding the use of polyphenolic compounds is their low bioavailability. Different types of formulations have been designed for the improvement of bioavailability of these compounds, nanonization being one of the most notable approaches among them. This study aimed to review current data on the nanoformulations of natural polyphenols as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents and to discuss their molecular anticancer mechanisms of action. Nanoformulations of natural polyphenols as bioactive agents, including resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, chrysin, baicalein, luteolin, honokiol, silibinin, and coumarin derivatives, in a dose-dependent manner, result in better efficacy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The impact of nanoformulation methods for these natural agents on tumor cells has gained wider attention due to improvement in targeted therapy and bioavailability, as well as enhancement of stability. Today, several nanoformulations are designed for delivery of polyphenolic compounds, including nanosuspensions, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, gold nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles, which have resulted in better antineoplastic activity, higher intracellular concentration of polyphenols, slow and sustained release of the drugs, and improvement of proapoptotic activity against tumor cells. To conclude, natural polyphenols demonstrate remarkable anticancer potential in pharmacotherapy; however, the obstacles in terms of their bioavailability in and toxicity to normal cells, as well as targeted drug delivery to malignant cells, can be overcome using nanoformulation-based technologies, which optimize the bioefficacy of these natural drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Davatgaran-Taghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Masoomzadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimi-Soureh
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Phuong NTT, Kim SK, Im JH, Yang JW, Choi MC, Lim SC, Lee KY, Kim YM, Yoon JH, Kang KW. Induction of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13902-16. [PMID: 26418898 PMCID: PMC4924687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that S-adenosylmethionine-mediated hypermethylation of the PTEN promoter was important for the growth of tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (TAMR-MCF-7) cancer cells. Here, we found that the basal expression level of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, was up-regulated in TAMR-MCF-7 cells compared with control MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the basal expression level of MAT2A in T47D cells, a TAM-resistant estrogen receptor-positive cell line was higher compared to MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that MAT2A expression in TAM-resistant human breast cancer tissues was higher than that in TAM-responsive cases. The promoter region of human MAT2A contains binding sites for nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the activities of these three transcription factors were enhanced in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Both the protein expression and transcriptional activity of MAT2A in TAMR-MCF-7 cells were potently suppressed by NF-κB inhibition but not by c-Jun/AP-1 or Nrf2 knock-down. Interestingly, the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-146a and -146b were diminished in TAMR-MCF-7 cells, and miR-146b transduction decreased NF-κB-mediated MAT2A expression. miR-146b restored PTEN expression via the suppression of PTEN promoter methylation in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Additionally, miR-146b overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and reversed chemoresistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen in TAMR-MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Phuong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Min Chang Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Phuong NTT, Kim SK, Im JH, Yang JW, Choi MC, Lim SC, Lee KY, Kim YM, Yoon JH, Kang KW. Induction of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26418898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5298.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that S-adenosylmethionine-mediated hypermethylation of the PTEN promoter was important for the growth of tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (TAMR-MCF-7) cancer cells. Here, we found that the basal expression level of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, was up-regulated in TAMR-MCF-7 cells compared with control MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the basal expression level of MAT2A in T47D cells, a TAM-resistant estrogen receptor-positive cell line was higher compared to MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that MAT2A expression in TAM-resistant human breast cancer tissues was higher than that in TAM-responsive cases. The promoter region of human MAT2A contains binding sites for nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the activities of these three transcription factors were enhanced in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Both the protein expression and transcriptional activity of MAT2A in TAMR-MCF-7 cells were potently suppressed by NF-κB inhibition but not by c-Jun/AP-1 or Nrf2 knock-down. Interestingly, the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-146a and -146b were diminished in TAMR-MCF-7 cells, and miR-146b transduction decreased NF-κB-mediated MAT2A expression. miR-146b restored PTEN expression via the suppression of PTEN promoter methylation in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Additionally, miR-146b overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and reversed chemoresistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen in TAMR-MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Phuong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Min Chang Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Sun X, Zhang C. MicroRNA-96 promotes myocardial hypertrophy by targeting mTOR. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14500-14506. [PMID: 26823769 PMCID: PMC4713555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a main cause of cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial hypertrophy includes the proliferation and enlongation of myocardial cell, resulting in abnormally cardiac enlargement. However, the pathogenesis and the molecular mechanism that regulate gene expression of myocardial hypertrophy remain incompletely understood. MiRNAs were deemed as an important molecules involved in a variety of pathological processes. MiR-96 has been reported being associated with the tumor proliferation, but whether miR-96 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy remains uncertain. In this study, we have confirmed that, as the myocardial hypertrophy gene, mTOR was a target gene of miR-96, who would promote the occurrence of myocardial hypertrophy. Thus, we got the conclusion that miR-96 could promote myocardial hypertrophy by inhibiting mTOR, miR-96 and mTOR were negatively correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- The Fourth Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Worker Hospital Tangshan 063300, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Chunlai Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Worker Hospital Tangshan 063300, Hebei, P. R. China
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Hong M, Wang N, Tan HY, Tsao SW, Feng Y. MicroRNAs and Chinese Medicinal Herbs: New Possibilities in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1643-57. [PMID: 26305257 PMCID: PMC4586788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades Chinese medicine has been used worldwide as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat cancer. Plenty of studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play fundamental roles in many pathological processes, including cancer, while the anti-cancer mechanisms of Chinese medicinal herbs targeting miRNAs also have been extensively explored. Our previous studies and those of others on Chinese medicinal herbs and miRNAs in various cancer models have provided a possibility of new cancer therapies, for example, up-regulating the expression of miR-23a may activate the positive regulatory network of p53 and miR-23a involved in the mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of berberine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we survey the role of Chinese medicinal herbal products in regulating miRNAs in cancer and the use of mediating miRNAs for cancer treatment. In addition, the controversial roles of herb-derived exogenous miRNAs in cancer treatment are also discussed. It is expected that targeting miRNAs would provide a novel therapeutic approach in cancer therapy by improving overall response and survival outcomes in cancer treatment, especially when combined with conventional therapeutics and Chinese medicinal herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li Y, Zhu X, Xu W, Wang D, Yan J. miR-330 regulates the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by targeting Cdc42. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:560-5. [PMID: 23337504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in the multistep process of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development. However, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network is far from being fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the biological roles of miR-330 in colorectal cancer cells. Cdc42, one of the best characterized members of the Rho GTPase family, was found to be up-regulated in several types of human tumors including CRC and has been implicated in cancer initiation and progression. In the present study, we identified miR-330, as a potential regulator of Cdc42, was found to be inversely correlated with Cdc42 expression in colorectal cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-330 down-regulated Cdc42 expression at both protein and mRNA level, mimicked the effect of Cdc42 knockdown in inhibiting proliferation, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of the colorectal cancer cells, whereas restoration of Cdc42 could partially attenuate the effects of miR-330. In addition, elevated expression of miR-330 could suppress the immediate downstream effectors of Cdc42 and inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells in vivo. To sum up, our results establish a role of miR-330 in negatively regulating Cdc42 expression and colorectal cancer cell proliferation. They suggest that manipulating the expression level of Cdc42 by miR-330 has the potential to influence colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
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Thirlwell C, Schulz L, Dibra H, Beck S. Suffocating cancer: hypoxia-associated epimutations as targets for cancer therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 3:9. [PMID: 22414300 PMCID: PMC3303469 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower than normal levels of oxygen (hypoxia) is a hallmark of all solid tumours rendering them frequently resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimes. Furthermore, tumour hypoxia and activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional pathway is associated with poorer prognosis. Driven by both genetic and epigenetic changes, cancer cells do not only survive but thrive in hypoxic conditions. Detailed knowledge of these changes and their functional consequences is of great clinical utility and is already helping to determine phenotypic plasticity, histological tumour grading and overall prognosis and survival stratification in several cancer types. As epigenetic changes - contrary to genetic changes - are potentially reversible, they may prove to be potent therapeutic targets to add to the cancer physicians' armorarium in the future.Here, we review the therapeutic potential of epigenetic modifications (including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs) occurring in hypoxia with particular reference to cancer and tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thirlwell
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, 72, Huntley Street, WC1E 6BT, London.
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Rushworth SA, Murray MY, Barrera LN, Heasman SA, Zaitseva L, Macewan DJ. Understanding the role of miRNA in regulating NF-κB in blood cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 2:65-74. [PMID: 22206046 PMCID: PMC3236572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNAs encoding downstream target genes. A large variety of cellular processes, including differentiation, development, apoptosis and cell cycle progression, are dependent on miRNA-mediated suppression of gene expression for their regulation. As such, it is unsurprising that these small RNA molecules are associated with signaling networks that are often altered in various diseases, including many blood cancers. One such network is the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways that universally stimulate transcription of proteins which generally promote cell survival, inhibit apoptosis, allow cellular growth, induce angiogenesis and generate many pro-inflammatory responses. The NF-κB signalling pathway is often constitutively activated in blood cell cancers including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), lymphomas and in multiple myeloma (MM). This review focuses on the function of miRNAs that directly target NF-κB signaling cascade. Recent findings that connect this pathway through various miRNA families to human blood cancers are reviewed, and support for using miRNA-based therapy as a novel method to counteract this tumour-promoting signalling event is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Rushworth
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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