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de Lima-Souza RA, Scarini JF, Lavareze L, Emerick C, Crescencio LR, Domingues RR, Paes Leme AF, Mariz BALA, Bastos DC, Machado RA, Tincani AJ, Del Negro A, Chone CT, Kowalski LP, Egal ESA, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Discovery proteomics reveals potential protein signature associated with malignant phenotype acquisition in pleomorphic adenoma. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1017-1027. [PMID: 34902207 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the proteomic profile of salivary pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) samples and correlate them with the malignant transformation of the PA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty samples (10 PA, 16 CXPA, and 4 residual PA) were microdissected and submitted to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteomic data and protein identification were analyzed through LC-MS/MS spectra using the MaxQuant software. RESULTS The proteomic analysis identified and quantified a total of 240 proteins in which 135 were found in PA, residual PA, and CXPA. The shared proteins were divided into six subgroups, and the proteins that showed statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and fold-change > or <2.5 in one subgroup to another subgroup were included. Seven proteins (Apolipoprotein A-I-APOA1, haptoglobin-HP, protein of the synaptonemal complex 1-SYCP1, anion transport protein of band 3-SLC4A1, subunit μ1 of AP-1 complex-AP1M1, beta subunit of hemoglobin-HBB, and dermcidin-DCD) were classified as potential protein signatures, being HP, AP1M1, and HBB with higher abundance for PA to residual PA, APOA1 with higher abundance for PA to CXPA, SLC4A1 with lower abundance in the PA to CXPA, SYCP1with lower abundance for residual PA to CXPA, and DCD with higher abundance in the CXPA with epithelial differentiation to myoepithelial differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we demonstrated the comparative proteomic profiling of PA, residual PA, and CXPA, and seven were proposed as protein signatures, some of which may be associated with the malignant phenotype acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Figueira Scarini
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina Emerick
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lívia Ramalho Crescencio
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Romênia Ramos Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Campanella Bastos
- Morphology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Alfio José Tincani
- Surgery Department, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Del Negro
- Surgery Department, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Takahiro Chone
- Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Ge L, Huang P, Miao H, Yu H, Wu D, Chen F, Lin Y, Lin Y, Li W, Hua J. The new landscape of differentially expression proteins in placenta tissues of gestational diabetes based on iTRAQ proteomics. Placenta 2023; 131:36-48. [PMID: 36473392 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to abnormal glucose tolerance that occurs or is firstly diagnosed during pregnancy. GDM is related to various adverse pregnancy outcomes, but GDM pathogeny has not been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, previous studies have observed that many proteins in the placentas of patients with GDM are dysregulated. The present study aimed to establish a novel differentially expressed protein (DEP) landscape of GDM and normal maternal placentas and to explore the possible connection between DEPs and GDM pathogenesis. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of GDM and should make an important contribution to the development of biomarkers. METHODS The morphological characteristics of the placenta were observed on 30 GDM and normal maternal placental tissues stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used in the proteomics screening of the DEPs of the normal and GDM maternal placentas. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the DEPs, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was performed to verify the DEPs. Finally, the quantitative analysis of iTRAQ and PRM was verified by immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS A total of 68 DEPs in the GDM placenta were identified with iTRAQ proteomics experiment, comprising 21 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated DEPs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the regulation of transport, catabolic process of non-coding RNA, cytoskeleton and cell binding were the most abundant Gene Ontology terms, and RNA degradation was an important pathway for significant enrichment. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B (HNRNPAB), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HNRNPL) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 (HNRNPA3) were the cores of the up-regulated proteins. Band 3 anion transport protein (SLC4A1), spectrin beta chain erythrocytic (SPTB), ankyrin-1 (ANK1), spectrin beta chain non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2), D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and exosome complex component RRP42 (EXOSC7) were the cores of the down-regulated proteins. These proteins are involved in the binding, splicing, processing, transport and degradation of RNA and in the formation and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. PRM verification results showed that seven proteins, namely, epiplakin (EPPK1), cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP), HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPAB, HNRNPL, Ras-related protein Rab-21 (RAB21) and Ras-related protein Rab-3B (RAB3B), were up-regulated, whereas SPTB and SLC4A1 were down-regulated. The results of immunohistochemical assay also showed that the expression of five proteins, namely EPPK1, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPAB, CIRBP and RAB21, were significantly higher in GDM placental tissues (P < 0.01). The GDM placentas showed changes in the morphological evaluation, including poor villous maturation, obvious increase in the number of syncytiotrophoblast nodules, thickening of the wall of dry villous arterioles with lumen stenosis, increased fibrinous exudation and excessive filling of villous interstitial vessels. DISCUSSION Differentially expressed proteins related to a variety of biological processes in the GDM placenta were found. Fourteen proteins, namely, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPAB, HNRNPL, HNRNPA3, EPPK1, CIRBP, RAB21, RAB3B, SLC4A1, SPTB, ANK1, SPTBN2, PHGDH and EXOSC7, which were differentially expressed in the placenta, may play an important role in regulating the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes through multi-channel and multi-link regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pingping Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Honghong Yu
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Hua
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Chloride Channels and Transporters: Roles beyond Classical Cellular Homeostatic pH or Ion Balance in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040856. [PMID: 35205604 PMCID: PMC8870652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Roles of chloride-associated transporters have been raised in various cancers. Although complicated ion movements, crosstalk among channels/transporters through homeostatic electric regulation, difficulties with experimental implementation such as activity measurement of intracellular location were disturbed to verify the precise modulation of channels/transporters, recently defined cancerous function and communication with tumor microenvironment of chloride channels/transporters should be highlighted beyond classical homeostatic ion balance. Chloride-associated transporters as membrane-associated components of chloride movement, regulations of transmembrane member 16A, calcium-activated chloride channel regulators, transmembrane member 206, chloride intracellular channels, voltage-gated chloride channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, voltage-dependent anion channel, volume-regulated anion channel, and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers are discussed. Abstract The canonical roles of chloride channels and chloride-associated transporters have been physiologically determined; these roles include the maintenance of membrane potential, pH balance, and volume regulation and subsequent cellular functions such as autophagy and cellular proliferative processes. However, chloride channels/transporters also play other roles, beyond these classical function, in cancerous tissues and under specific conditions. Here, we focused on the chloride channel-associated cancers and present recent advances in understanding the environments of various types of cancer caused by the participation of many chloride channel or transporters families and discuss the challenges and potential targets for cancer treatment. The modulation of chloride channels/transporters might promote new aspect of cancer treatment strategies.
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Ion Channels, Transporters, and Sensors Interact with the Acidic Tumor Microenvironment to Modify Cancer Progression. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:39-84. [PMID: 34291319 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors, including breast carcinomas, are heterogeneous but typically characterized by elevated cellular turnover and metabolism, diffusion limitations based on the complex tumor architecture, and abnormal intra- and extracellular ion compositions particularly as regards acid-base equivalents. Carcinogenesis-related alterations in expression and function of ion channels and transporters, cellular energy levels, and organellar H+ sequestration further modify the acid-base composition within tumors and influence cancer cell functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Cancer cells defend their cytosolic pH and HCO3- concentrations better than normal cells when challenged with the marked deviations in extracellular H+, HCO3-, and lactate concentrations typical of the tumor microenvironment. Ionic gradients determine the driving forces for ion transporters and channels and influence the membrane potential. Cancer and stromal cells also sense abnormal ion concentrations via intra- and extracellular receptors that modify cancer progression and prognosis. With emphasis on breast cancer, the current review first addresses the altered ion composition and the changes in expression and functional activity of ion channels and transporters in solid cancer tissue. It then discusses how ion channels, transporters, and cellular sensors under influence of the acidic tumor microenvironment shape cancer development and progression and affect the potential of cancer therapies.
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CAR-T Cell Therapy-An Overview of Targets in Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061894. [PMID: 32560392 PMCID: PMC7355670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and, unfortunately, still has a high mortality rate. Recent research points to CAR-T immunotherapy as a promising treatment for this disease. Using genetically engineered T cells designed to target a previously selected antigen, researchers are able to harness the natural anti-tumor activity of T cells. For therapy to be successful, however, it is essential to choose antigens that are present on tumor cells but not on healthy cells. In this review, we present an overview of the most important targets for CAR-T therapy in the context of GC, including their biologic function and therapeutic application. A number of clinical studies point to the following as important markers in GC: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, carcinoembryonic antigen, mucin 1, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, claudin 18.2, mesothelin, natural-killer receptor group 2 member D, and folate receptor 1. Although these markers have been met with some success, the search for new and improved targets continues. Key among these novel biomarkers are the B7H6 ligand, actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP 2/3), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), desmocollin 2 (DSC2), anion exchanger 1 (AF1), and cancer-related antigens CA-72-4 and CA-19-9.
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Physiological Significance of Ion Transporters and Channels in the Stomach and Pathophysiological Relevance in Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2869138. [PMID: 32104192 PMCID: PMC7040404 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2869138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly invasive and fatal malignant disease that accounts for 5.7% of new global cancer cases and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Acid/base homeostasis is critical for organisms because protein and enzyme function, cellular structure, and plasma membrane permeability change with pH. Various ion transporters are expressed in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells and regulate gastric acid secretion, ion transport, and fluid absorption, thereby stabilizing the differentiation and homeostasis of gastric mucosal epithelial cells. Ion transporter dysfunction results in disordered ion transport, mucosa barrier dysfunction, and acid/base disturbances, causing gastric acid-related diseases such as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and GC. This review summarizes the physiological functions of multiple ion transporters and channels in the stomach, including Cl− channels, Cl−/HCO3− exchangers, sodium/hydrogen exchangers (NHEs), and potassium (K+) channels, and their pathophysiological relevance in GC.
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Shiozaki A, Kudou M, Ichikawa D, Shimizu H, Arita T, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Expression and role of anion exchanger 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17921-17935. [PMID: 28160546 PMCID: PMC5392297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have described important roles for the anion exchanger (AE) in epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor behavior. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of AE1 in the regulation of genes involved in tumor progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 61 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy. AE1 was primarily located in the cell membranes or cytoplasm of carcinoma cells, and its distribution pattern was related to the histological degree of the differentiation of SCC or the pT category. Among patients with pT2-3 ESCC, the 5-year survival rate of patients with diffuse AE1 expression (40.2%) was significantly lower than that of patients with focal expression (74.0%). AE1 was strongly expressed in KYSE150 and TE8 human ESCC cells. The depletion of AE1 using siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that MAPK and Hedgehog signaling pathway-related genes, such as DHH, and GLI1, were down-regulated in AE1-depleted KYSE150 cells. In conclusions, the results of the present study suggest that the diffuse expression of AE1 is related to a worse prognosis in patients with advanced ESCC, and that it regulates tumor progression by affecting MAPK and Hedgehog signaling pathways. These results provide an insight into the role of AE1 as a mediator of and/or a biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Zhang LJ, Lu R, Song YN, Zhu JY, Xia W, Zhang M, Shao ZY, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Guo L, Zhang M, Zhang H. Knockdown of anion exchanger 2 suppressed the growth of ovarian cancer cells via mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6362. [PMID: 28743911 PMCID: PMC5526859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchanger 2 (AE2, encoded by SLC4A2) is a sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate transporter and implicated in the regulation of intracellular pH and membrane potential. Previous studies have linked AE2 to the tumorigenesis of various cancers. Here, AE2 was identified as an up-regulated protein in ovarian cancer tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor lesions based on quantitative proteomics analysis. AE2 mRNA was also overexpressed in human ovarian cancer samples, and that AE2 overexpression correlated with the shortened survival time of ovarian cancer patients. Short-hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of AE2 in A2780 and SK-OV-R3 cells inhibited cell growth and induced cell cycle G1 phase arrest. In nude mice, its stable knockdown inhibited the tumorigenicity of A2780 cells. Gene set enrichment analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset identified that the cell cycle process and mTOR pathway were correlatively with the AE2 expression. Expression of key regulators of G1/S transition (Cyclin D1 and CDK4), and phosphorylation levels of p70S6K were notably reduced in AE2 knockdown cells. Moreover, experiments with mTOR inhibitor suggested that AE2 may promote cell cycle progression through mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway. Together, our results suggest up-regulated AE2 promotes ovarian cancer tumorigenesis by activating mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway and implicate the potential application of AE2 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Shao
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Abstract
Frequently observed phenotypes of tumours include high metabolic activity, hypoxia and poor perfusion; these act to produce an acidic microenvironment. Cellular function depends on pH homoeostasis, and thus, tumours become dependent on pH regulatory mechanisms. Many of the proteins involved in pH regulation are highly expressed in tumours, and their expression is often of prognostic significance. The more acidic tumour microenvironment also has important implications with regard to chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic interventions. In addition, we review pH-sensing mechanisms, the role of pH regulation in tumour phenotype and the use of pH regulatory mechanisms as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McIntyre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Lei X, Wang F, Ke Y, Wei D, Gu H, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Lv L, Lin J, Wang L. The role of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6301. [PMID: 28272258 PMCID: PMC5348206 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of advanced gastric cancer (GC) is dismal, and effects of antiangiogenic agents remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to assess combination of chemotherapy with antiangiogenic therapy versus traditional chemotherapy. METHODS To achieve the goal of scientific rigor, statistics from both referenced works and experiments were analyzed. We carefully searched for the referenced works by retrieving, as well as analyzing, literature databases for information on antiangiogenic therapy compared to other therapeutic approaches used to treat GC patients. Two groups were defined in the experiment: experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated with antiangiogenic drug, and the control group was treated with standard chemotherapy or placebo. RESULTS The study included a total of 3240 participants. Overall, there was significant improvement in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.91, P = 0.002), progression-free survival (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52-0.81, P = 0.0002), objective response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33-1.88, P < 0.00001), and disease control rate (RR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.57-3.78, P < 0.0001) in the group with antiangiogenic drug versus the group with standard chemotherapy or placebo. Moreover, this new treatment approach showed tolerable toxicity. CONCLUSION This study confirms the superior efficacy of combination therapy with antiangiogenic agents in comparison to traditional chemotherapy regimens for patients with GC. Moreover, this new treatment approach showed tolerable toxicity. This meta-analysis provides important information for clinicians who are interested in using antiangiogenic therapies to treat GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Hou Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | | | | | - Li Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
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Granja S, Tavares-Valente D, Queirós O, Baltazar F. Value of pH regulators in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:17-34. [PMID: 28065864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism, associated with acidification of the extracellular milieu, is one of the major features of cancer. As pH regulation is crucial for the maintenance of all biological functions, cancer cells rely on the activity of lactate exporters and proton transporters to regulate their intracellular pH. The major players in cancer pH regulation are proton pump ATPases, sodium-proton exchangers (NHEs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and anion exchangers (AEs), which have been shown to be upregulated in several human malignancies. Thanks to the activity of the proton pumps and transporters, tumours acidify their microenvironment, becoming more aggressive and resistant to therapy. Thus, targeting tumour pH may contribute to more effective anticancer strategies for controlling tumour progression and therapeutic resistance. In the present study, we review the role of the main pH regulators expressed in human cancer cells, including their diagnostic and prognostic value, as well as their usefulness as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Odília Queirós
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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12
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Fei HJ, Zu LD, Wu J, Jiang XS, Wang JL, Chin YE, Fu GH. PCAF acts as a gastric cancer suppressor through a novel PCAF-p16-CDK4 axis. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2772-2786. [PMID: 28042499 PMCID: PMC5199753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the pathogenesis of GC remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which P300/CBP associating factor (PCAF) acts as a tumor suppressor in GC cells. We showed that both PCAF mRNA and protein were downregulated in GC cells, and that this downregulation correlated with poor survival. Meanwhile, the interaction between human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) and p16 is a key event in GC development. We found that PCAF inhibited GC growth by interacting with AE1 and p16 to promote ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AE1 and p16 upregulation and translocation into the nucleus. Binding of nuclear p16 to CDK4 prevented the CDK4-Cyclin D1 interaction to inhibit GC proliferation. Furthermore, reduced PCAF levels in GC cells were associated with intracellular alkalinization and decreased immunity. Together these results suggest that PCAF acts as a GC suppressor through a novel PCAF-p16-CDK4 axis. The downregulation of PCAF expression in GC cells that follows intracellular alkalinization and decreased immune response, indicates that GC therapies should focus on restoring PCAF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Fei
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Li-Dong Zu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shu Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Long Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, P. R. China
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Wang T, Fei HJ, Yang Y, Jiang XS, Yan M, Zeng Z, Wu J, Song LJ, Tian H, Fu GH. Expression of AE1/p16 promoted degradation of AE2 in gastric cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:716. [PMID: 27595783 PMCID: PMC5011918 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl−/HCO3− across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi). AE1 is specifically expressed on the surface of erythrocytes, while AE2 is widely expressed in most tissues, and is particularly abundant in parietal cells. Previous studies showed that an interaction between AE1 and p16 is a key event in gastric cancer (GC) progression, but the importance of AE2 in GC is unclear. Methods The relationship among AE1, AE2 and p16 in GC cells was characterized by molecular and cellular experiments. AE2 expression and pHi were measured after knockdown or forced expression of AE1 or p16 in GC cells. The effect of AE2 on GC growth and the correlation of AE2 expression with differentiation and prognosis of GC were also evaluated. The effect of gastrin on AE2 expression and GC growth was investigated in cellular experiments and mouse xenograft models. Results p16 binds to both AE1 and AE2 simultaneously. AE1 or p16 silencing elevated AE2 expression on the plasma membrane where it plays a role in pHi regulation and GC suppression. AE2 expression was decreased in GC tissue, and these decreased levels were correlated with poor differentiation and prognosis of GC. The low AE2 protein levels are due to rapid ubiquitin-mediated degradation that was facilitated in the presence of p16. Gastrin inhibited the growth of GC cells at least partially through up-regulation of AE2 expression. Conclusion AE1/p16 expression promoted AE2 degradation in GC cells. Gastrin is a potential candidate drug for targeted therapies for AE1- and p16-positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Fei
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shu Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jun Song
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Sanhueza C, Araos J, Naranjo L, Barros E, Subiabre M, Toledo F, Gutiérrez J, Chiarello DI, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Nitric oxide and pH modulation in gynaecological cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2223-2230. [PMID: 27469435 PMCID: PMC5134382 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays several roles in cellular physiology, including control of the vascular tone and defence against pathogen infection. Neuronal, inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms synthesize nitric oxide. Cells generate acid and base equivalents, whose physiological intracellular concentrations are kept due to membrane transport systems, including Na+/H+ exchangers and Na+/HCO3− transporters, thus maintaining a physiological pH at the intracellular (~7.0) and extracellular (~7.4) medium. In several pathologies, including cancer, cells are exposed to an extracellular acidic microenvironment, and the role for these membrane transport mechanisms in this phenomenon is likely. As altered NOS expression and activity is seen in cancer cells and because this gas promotes a glycolytic phenotype leading to extracellular acidosis in gynaecological cancer cells, a pro‐inflammatory microenvironment increasing inducible NOS expression in this cell type is feasible. However, whether abnormal control of intracellular and extracellular pH by cancer cells regards with their ability to synthesize or respond to nitric oxide is unknown. We, here, discuss a potential link between pH alterations, pH controlling membrane transport systems and NOS function. We propose a potential association between inducible NOS induction and Na+/H+ exchanger expression and activity in human ovary cancer. A potentiation between nitric oxide generation and the maintenance of a low extracellular pH (i.e. acidic) is proposed to establish a sequence of events in ovarian cancer cells, thus preserving a pro‐proliferative acidic tumour extracellular microenvironment. We suggest that pharmacological therapeutic targeting of Na+/H+ exchangers and inducible NOS may have benefits in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luciano Naranjo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Barros
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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McIntyre A, Hulikova A, Ledaki I, Snell C, Singleton D, Steers G, Seden P, Jones D, Bridges E, Wigfield S, Li JL, Russell A, Swietach P, Harris AL. Disrupting Hypoxia-Induced Bicarbonate Transport Acidifies Tumor Cells and Suppresses Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3744-55. [PMID: 27197160 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated clinically with therapeutic resistance and poor patient outcomes. One feature of tumor hypoxia is activated expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a regulator of pH and tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that impeding the reuptake of bicarbonate produced extracellularly by CA9 could exacerbate the intracellular acidity produced by hypoxic conditions, perhaps compromising cell growth and viability as a result. In 8 of 10 cancer cell lines, we found that hypoxia induced the expression of at least one bicarbonate transporter. The most robust and frequent inductions were of the sodium-driven bicarbonate transporters SLC4A4 and SLC4A9, which rely upon both HIF1α and HIF2α activity for their expression. In cancer cell spheroids, SLC4A4 or SLC4A9 disruption by either genetic or pharmaceutical approaches acidified intracellular pH and reduced cell growth. Furthermore, treatment of spheroids with S0859, a small-molecule inhibitor of sodium-driven bicarbonate transporters, increased apoptosis in the cell lines tested. Finally, RNAi-mediated attenuation of SLC4A9 increased apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer spheroids and dramatically reduced growth of MDA-MB-231 breast tumors or U87 gliomas in murine xenografts. Our findings suggest that disrupting pH homeostasis by blocking bicarbonate import might broadly relieve the common resistance of hypoxic tumors to anticancer therapy. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3744-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McIntyre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom. Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Ledaki
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Snell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Singleton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Steers
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Seden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Jones
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Bridges
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Russell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Huang Z, Shao W, Gu J, Hu X, Shi Y, Xu W, Huang C, Lin D. Effects of culture media on metabolic profiling of the human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1832-40. [PMID: 25925870 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture metabolomics has demonstrated significant advantages in cancer research. However, its applications have been impeded by some influencing factors such as culture media, which could significantly affect cellular metabolic profiles and lead to inaccuracy and unreliability of comparative metabolomic analysis of cells. To evaluate the effects of different culture media on cellular metabolic profiling, we performed NMR-based metabolomic analysis of the human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 cultured in both RPMI1640 and DMEM. We found that SGC7901 cultured in the two media exhibited distinct metabolic profiles with obviously different levels of discrepant metabolites, even though they showed almost the same cellular morphology and proliferation rates. When SGC7901 originally cultured in RPMI1640 was gradually acclimated in DMEM, both the metabolic profiles and most of the discrepant metabolite levels gradually converged toward those of the cells originally cultured in DMEM without significantly altered cell proliferation rates. However, several metabolite levels did not show the converging trends. Our results indicate that the effects of culture media on metabolic profiling must be carefully taken into account for comparative metabolomic analysis of cell lines. This work may be of benefit to the development of cell culture metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Huang
- High-field NMR Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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Chigaev A. Does aberrant membrane transport contribute to poor outcome in adult acute myeloid leukemia? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:134. [PMID: 26191006 PMCID: PMC4489100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia in adults is a highly heterogeneous disease. Gene expression profiling performed using unsupervised algorithms can be used to distinguish specific groups of patients within a large patient cohort. The identified gene expression signatures can offer insights into underlying physiological mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Here, the analysis of several related gene expression clusters associated with poor outcome, worst overall survival and highest rates of resistant disease and obtained from the patients at the time of diagnosis or from previously untreated individuals is presented. Surprisingly, these gene clusters appear to be enriched for genes corresponding to proteins involved in transport across membranes (transporters, carriers and channels). Several ideas describing the possible relationship of membrane transport activity and leukemic cell biology, including the "Warburg effect," the specific role of chloride ion transport, direct "import" of metabolic energy through uptake of creatine phosphate, and modification of the bone marrow niche microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
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18
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Gorbatenko A, Olesen CW, Boedtkjer E, Pedersen SF. Regulation and roles of bicarbonate transporters in cancer. Front Physiol 2014; 5:130. [PMID: 24795638 PMCID: PMC3997025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A unifying feature of solid tumors is a markedly altered pH profile compared to normal tissues. This reflects that solid tumors, despite completely different origins, often share several phenotypic properties with implications for intra- and extracellular pH. These include: a metabolic shift in most cancer cells toward more acid-producing pathways, reflecting both oncogenic signaling and the development of hypoxia in poorly perfused regions of the tumors; the poorly perfused and often highly dense tumor microenvironment, reducing the diffusive flux of acid equivalents compared to that in normal tissues; and the markedly altered regulation of the expression and activity of pH-regulatory transport proteins in cancer cells. While some of these properties of tumors have been well described in recent years, the great majority of the research in this clinically important area has focused on proton transport, in particular via the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (SLC9A1, NHE1) and various H+ ATPases. We have, however, recently demonstrated that at least under some conditions, including in vitro models of HER2 positive breast cancer, and measurements obtained directly in freshly dissected human mammary carcinomas, bicarbonate transporters such as the electroneutral Na+, HCO−3 cotransporter (SLC4A7, NBCn1), are upregulated and play central roles in pH regulation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and roles of bicarbonate transporters in cancer. Furthermore, we present new analyses of publicly available expression data demonstrating widely altered expression levels of SLC4- and SLC26 family transporters in breast-, lung-, and colon cancer patients, and we hypothesize that bicarbonate transporter dysregulation may have both diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shen WW, Zeng Z, Zhu WX, Fu GH. MiR-142-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting CD133, ABCG2, and Lgr5 in colon cancer cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:989-1000. [PMID: 23619912 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the expression of CD133, leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), and ATP binding cassette (ABC)G2 proteins is associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in colon cancer. However, molecular regulation mechanism of the three proteins has not been elucidated. Here, we report that microRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) inhibits the expression of CD133, Lgr5, and ABCG2 in colon cancer cells by binding to both the 3'-untranslated region and the coding sequences of the three genes. The miR-142-3p was markedly decreased in colon cancer specimens, in which it was negatively correlated with the expression of CD133, Lgr5, and ABCG2. Reduction of miR-142-3p corresponds to poor differentiation and bigger tumor size in colon cancers. Moreover, miR-142-3p levels were reduced in cells that formed spheres compared to cells that were cultured in regular media. Transfection of miR-142-3p mimics in colon cancer cells downregulated cyclin D1 expression, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and elevated the sensitivity of the cells to 5-fluorouracil. Furthermore, OCT4 suppressed miR-142-3p, and hypomethylation of the OCT4 promoter was associated with a reduction in miR-142-3p. Finally, the miR-142-3p inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in vivo, which was accompanied by the downregulation of CD133, Lgr5, and ABCG2 in tumor tissues. Our results elucidate a novel regulation pathway in colon cancer cells and suggest a potential therapeutic approach for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been extensively employed for in vivo research since its use was first demonstrated in mammalian cells 10 years ago. Design rules have improved, and it is now routinely possible to obtain reagents that suppress expression of any gene desired. At the same time, increased understanding of the molecular basis of unwanted side effects has led to the development of chemical modification strategies that mitigate these concerns. Delivery remains the single greatest hurdle to widespread adoption of in vivo RNAi methods. However, exciting advances have been made and new delivery systems under development may help to overcome these barriers. This review discusses advances in RNAi biochemistry and biology that impact in vivo use and provides an overview of select publications that demonstrate interesting applications of these principles. Emphasis is placed on work with synthetic, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) published since the first installment of this review which appeared in 2006.
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