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Chen YC, Chen CY, Chiang TW, Chan MH, Hsiao M, Ke HM, Tsai I, Chuang TJ. Detecting intragenic trans-splicing events from non-co-linearly spliced junctions by hybrid sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7777-7797. [PMID: 37497782 PMCID: PMC10450196 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-spliced RNAs (ts-RNAs) are a type of non-co-linear (NCL) transcripts that consist of exons in an order topologically inconsistent with the corresponding DNA template. Detecting ts-RNAs is often interfered by experimental artifacts, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and genetic rearrangements. Particularly, intragenic ts-RNAs, which are derived from separate precursor mRNA molecules of the same gene, are often mistaken for circRNAs through analyses of RNA-seq data. Here we developed a bioinformatics pipeline (NCLscan-hybrid), which integrated short and long RNA-seq reads to minimize false positives and proposed out-of-circle and rolling-circle long reads to distinguish between intragenic ts-RNAs and circRNAs. Combining NCLscan-hybrid screening and multiple experimental validation steps successfully confirmed that four NCL events, which were previously regarded as circRNAs in databases, originated from trans-splicing. CRISPR-based endogenous genome modification experiments further showed that flanking intronic complementary sequences can significantly contribute to ts-RNA formation, providing an efficient/specific method to deplete ts-RNAs. We also experimentally validated that one ts-RNA (ts-ARFGEF1) played an important role for p53-mediated apoptosis through affecting the PERK/eIF2a/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. This study thus described both bioinformatics procedures and experimental validation steps for rigorous characterization of ts-RNAs, expanding future studies for identification, biogenesis, and function of these important but understudied transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wei Chiang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mien Ke
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Shi R, Yuan J, Meng K. Molecular mechanism of Wilms' tumor (Wt1) (+/-KTS) variants promoting proliferation and migration of ovarian epithelial cells by bioinformatics analysis. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:46. [PMID: 36829196 PMCID: PMC9951437 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a gynecological disease with the highest mortality. With the lack of understanding of its pathogenesis, no accurate early diagnosis and screening method has been established for EOC. Studies revealed the multi-faceted function of Wilms' tumor (Wt1) genes in cancer, which may be related to the existence of multiple alternative splices. Our results show that Wt1 (+KTS) or Wt1 (-KTS) overexpression can significantly promote the proliferation and migration of human ovarian epithelial cells HOSEpiC, and Wt1 (+KTS) effects were more evident. To explore the Wt1 (+/-KTS) variant mechanism in HOSEpiC proliferation and migration and ovarian cancer (OC) occurrence and development, this study explored the differential regulation of Wt1 (+/-KTS) in HOSEpiC proliferation and migration by transcriptome sequencing. OC-related hub genes were screened by bioinformatics analysis to further explore the differential molecular mechanism of Wt1 (+/-KTS) in the occurrence of OC. Finally, we found that the regulation of Wt1 (+/-KTS) variants on the proliferation and migration of HOSEpiC may act through different genes and signaling pathways and screened out key genes and differentially regulated genes that regulate the malignant transformation of ovarian epithelial cells. The implementation of this study will provide new clues for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruoxi Shi
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China. .,Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China. .,Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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3
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Patil KS, Hajare AA, Manjappa AS, More HN, Disouza JI. Design, development, in silico and in vitro characterization of Docetaxel-loaded TPGS/ Pluronic F 108 mixed micelles for improved cancer treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Fang CH, Lin YT, Liang CM, Liang SM. A novel c-Kit/phospho-prohibitin axis enhances ovarian cancer stemness and chemoresistance via Notch3-PBX1 and β-catenin-ABCG2 signaling. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:42. [PMID: 32169072 PMCID: PMC7071647 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The underlying mechanism involved in ovarian cancer stemness and chemoresistance remains largely unknown. Here, we explored whether the regulation of c-Kit and plasma membrane prohibitin (PHB) affects ovarian cancer stemness and chemotherapy resistance. Methods Mass spectrum analysis and an in vitro kinase assay were conducted to examine the phosphorylation of PHB at tyrosine 259 by c-Kit. The in vitro effects of c-Kit on membrane raft-PHB in ovarian cancer were determined using tissue microarray (TMA)-based immunofluorescence, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, colony and spheroid formation, cell migration and cell viability assays. In vivo tumor initiation and carboplatin treatment were conducted in nude mice. Results We found that c-Kit and PHB colocalized in the raft domain and were positively correlated in human ovarian serous carcinoma. c-Kit interacted with PHB and facilitated the phosphorylation of PHB at tyrosine 259 (phospho-PHBY259) in the membrane raft to enhance ovarian cancer cell motility. The generation of SKOV3GL-G4, a metastatic phenotype of SKOV3 green fluorescent protein and luciferase (GL) ovarian cancer cells, in xenograft murine ascites showed a correlation between metastatic potential and stem cell characteristics, as indicated by the expression of c-Kit, Notch3, Oct4, Nanog and SOX2. Further study revealed that after activation by c-Kit, raft-phospho-PHBY259 interacted with Notch3 to stabilize Notch3 and increase the downstream target PBX1. Downregulation of raft-phospho-PHBY259 increased the protein degradation of Notch3 through a lysosomal pathway and inhibited the β-catenin—ABCG2 signaling pathway. Moreover, raft-phospho-PHBY259 played an important role in ovarian cancer stemness and tumorigenicity as well as resistance to platinum drug treatment in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These findings thus reveal a hitherto unreported interrelationship between c-Kit and PHB as well as the effects of raft-phospho-PHBY259 on ovarian cancer stemness and tumorigenicity mediated by the Notch3 and β-catenin signaling pathways. Targeting the c-Kit/raft-phospho-PHBY259 axis may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsun Fang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 4F, No. 81, Chang-Xing St, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 4F, No. 81, Chang-Xing St, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan.
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5
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Chai Z, Yang Y, Gu Z, Cai X, Ye W, Kong L, Qiu X, Ying L, Wang Z, Wang L. Recombinant Viral Capsid Protein L2 (rVL2) of HPV 16 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Glucose Metabolism via ITGB7/C/EBPβ Signaling Pathway in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10415-10425. [PMID: 31819523 PMCID: PMC6890187 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Capsid protein L2 is the minor capsid protein of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16). Although L2-based vaccines were developed, the therapeutic effect of recombinant viral capsid protein L2 (rVL2) was still to be illustrated. Methods We used glucose uptake and lactate production assay to verify the inhibitory effect of rVL2 on the glucose metabolism in cervical cancer cells. Secondly, we performed gene-chip assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot to determine the role of ITGB7/C/EBPβ signaling pathway in rVL2-mediated glucose metabolism in vitro. Finally, we used an animal model to verify the function of rVL2 in cervical cancer. Results We found that rVL2 reduced glucose uptake and lactate production levels in cervical cancer cells, which caused the inhibition of cell proliferation. rVL2 decreased the expression levels of key metabolic enzymes, including GLUT1, LDHA, and ALDOA, to affect cell metabolism in cervical cancer cells by inhibiting ITGB7/C/EBPβ signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results demonstrated the vital role of rVL2 in the glycolysis-induced cell growth and proliferation via suppressing ITGB7/C/EBPβ signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chai
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xihua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhongYi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Ying
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xihua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyou Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Department of Radiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
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Zhao G, Wang Q, Wu Z, Tian X, Yan H, Wang B, Dong P, Watari H, Pfeffer LM, Guo Y, Li W, Yue J. Ovarian Primary and Metastatic Tumors Suppressed by Survivin Knockout or a Novel Survivin Inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2233-2245. [PMID: 31515295 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, is upregulated in multiple cancers including ovarian cancer, but is rarely detectable in normal tissues. We previously reported that survivin promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that survivin may contribute to ovarian tumor metastasis and chemoresistance. In this study, we tested whether knockout or pharmacologic inhibition of survivin overcomes chemoresistance and suppresses tumor metastasis. The genetic loss of survivin suppressed tumor metastasis in an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model. To pharmacologically test the role of survivin on ovarian tumor metastasis, we treated chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells with a selective survivin inhibitor, MX106, and found that MX106 effectively overcame chemoresistance in vitro MX106 inhibited cell migration and invasion by attenuating the TGFβ pathway and inhibiting EMT in ovarian cancer cells. To evaluate the efficacy of MX106 in inhibiting ovarian tumor metastasis, we treated an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model with MX106, and found that MX106 efficiently inhibited primary tumor growth in ovaries and metastasis in multiple peritoneal organs as compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Our data demonstrate that inhibition of survivin using either genetic knockout or a novel inhibitor MX106 suppresses primary ovarian tumor growth and metastasis, supporting that targeting survivin could be an effective therapeutic approach in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Qinghui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zhongzhi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xinchun Tian
- Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Iowa
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Baojin Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuqi Guo
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Yu X, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Han Q, Li H, Mao Y, Wang X, Guo H, Irwin DM, Niu G, Tan H. Exosomes from Macrophages Exposed to Apoptotic Breast Cancer Cells Promote Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis. J Cancer 2019; 10:2892-2906. [PMID: 31281466 PMCID: PMC6590039 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have recently become the subject of increasing research interest. Interactions between tumor and host cells via exosomes play crucial roles in the initiation, progression and invasiveness of breast cancer. In our study, we used exosomes isolated from a co-culture model of THP-1-derived macrophages exposed to apoptotic MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line cells to investigate their effects on naïve MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo. This post-chemotherapy tumor microenvironment model allowed us to explore possible mechanisms that explain increased proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer seen in some patients. Our results suggest that while exosomes derived from macrophages normally inhibit proliferation and metastasis of MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells, exposure of macrophages to breast cancer cells that have experienced chemotherapy are modified them to promote these processes. Exosomes from macrophages exposed to apoptotic cancer cells have increased amounts of IL-6 that increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, which likely explains the increased transcription of STAT3 target genes such as CyclinD1, MMP2 and MMP9. These observations suggest that the inhibition of exosome secretion and STAT3 signaling pathway activation might suppress the growth and metastasis of malignant tumors, and provide new targets for therapeutic treatment of malignant tumors after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gang Niu
- Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Huanran Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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8
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Wang Z, Li C, Xing R, Shao Y, Zhao X, Zhang W, Guo M. β-Integrin mediates LPS-induced coelomocyte apoptosis in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus via the integrin/FAK/caspase-3 signaling pathway. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:26-36. [PMID: 30339873 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce the apoptosis of coelomocytes in Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus), and β-integrin serves as an apoptotic inhibitor during this process. However, the underlying mechanism in invertebrates is largely unknown. Integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway modulates the apoptosis in vertebrates. In this study, a novel FAK was identified from A. japonicus (designated as AjFAK) by β-integrin (designated as AjITGB) -mediated GST-pull down assay. This interaction was further validated in the LPS-exposed coelomocytes through co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses. To investigate the functional role of AjFAK in AjITGB-mediated coelomocyte apoptosis, we cloned the full-length cDNA of AjFAK and characterized its relationship with AjITGB through real-time PCR. The mRNA expression levels of AjFAK exhibited consistent expression patterns with those of AjITGB in our previous work with 0.48- and 0.22-fold decreases at 12 and 96 h in LPS-exposed coelomocytes and in Vibrio splendidus challenged sea cucumber, respectively. Moreover, the expression level of AjFAK decreased to 0.35-fold in AjITGB knockdown treatment by specific small interference RNA (siRNA). We further performed an assay for the apoptotic rate of coelomocytes in AjITGB, AjFAK, and AjITGB/AjFAK silencing conditions and found that their apoptotic percentages increased to 26%, 25%, and 30%, respectively, compared with those of the control. Finally, the expression levels of four caspases from A. japonicus were also investigated to determine the apoptotic effector. After AjITGB or AjFAK was silenced, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 were 6.6-fold and 2.5-fold higher than those of the control, respectively. In addition, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was enhanced to 1.82- and 1.79-fold that of the control in the two groups. However, no significant changes were detected in caspase-2/6/8. All our results supported that β-integrin mediated the LPS-induced coelomocyte apoptosis in sea cucumber via the integrin/FAK/caspase-3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Ronglian Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China
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9
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Liao CC, Ho MY, Liang SM, Liang CM. Autophagic degradation of SQSTM1 inhibits ovarian cancer motility by decreasing DICER1 and AGO2 to induce MIRLET7A-3P. Autophagy 2018; 14:2065-2082. [PMID: 30081720 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1501135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between macroautophagy/autophagy and miRNA in regulating cancer cell motility is not clearly delineated. Here, we found that induction of BECN1-dependent or -independent autophagy decreased ubiquitin-binding proteins SQSTM1/p62 and CALCOCO2/NDP52. Downregulation of SQSTM1 (but not CALCOCO2) led to a decrease of the miRNA-processing enzyme DICER1 and the miRNA effector AGO2. The autophagy-mediated reduction of levels of SQSTM1, DICER1 or AGO2 resulted in increased MIRLET7A-3P (but not MIRLET7A-5P or PRE-MIRLET7A miRNA) and suppressed ovarian cancer motility. The investigation of the MIRLET7A effects on cancer cell motility showed that synthetic MIRLET7A-3P (3 nM) inhibited, whereas MIRLET7A-5P (100 nM) increased cancer cell motility. Moreover, downregulation of MIRLET7A-3P with antisense of MIRLET7A-3P miRNA (MIRLET7A-3P inhibitor; 3 nM) reversed the nutrient depletion- and rVP1-mediated suppression of ovarian cancer cell motility. In addition, restoring SQSTM1, DICER1 and AGO2 with inhibition of autophagic degradation or overexpression of DICER1 and AGO2 reversed the autophagy-associated enhancement of MIRLET7A-3P and inhibition of motility. Examination of ovarian cancer tissue microarray further showed that the levels of SQSTM1, DICER1 and AGO2 in the tumor were higher than those in the non-tumor cells and negatively correlated with the levels of autophagy and MIRLET7A-3P. Our results demonstrated that induction of autophagy to decrease SQSTM1, DICER1 and AGO2 and increase MIRLET7A-3P is a potential therapeutic strategy for suppressing ovarian cancer cell motility. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AGO2: argonaute 2, RISC catalytic component; ATG: autophagy related; BCIP/NBT: 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CQ: chloroquine; DICER1: dicer 1, ribonuclease III; EBSS: Earle balanced salt solution; FBS: fetal bovine serum; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MIRLET7A: microRNA LET-7A: MIR16: microRNA 16; MIR29C: microRNA 29C; miRNA: microRNA; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase; PRE-MIRNA: precursor microRNA; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex; rVP1: recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP1; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chun Liao
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Ho
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Liang
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
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10
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Huang SC, Wei PC, Hwang-Verslues WW, Kuo WH, Jeng YM, Hu CM, Shew JY, Huang CS, Chang KJ, Lee EYH, Lee WH. TGF-β1 secreted by Tregs in lymph nodes promotes breast cancer malignancy via up-regulation of IL-17RB. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1660-1680. [PMID: 28993429 PMCID: PMC5709760 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is commonly associated with systemic distant organ metastasis in human breast cancer and is an important prognostic predictor for survival of breast cancer patients. However, whether tumor‐draining LNs (TDLNs) play a significant role in modulating the malignancy of cancer cells for distant metastasis remains controversial. Using a syngeneic mouse mammary tumor model, we found that breast tumor cells derived from TDLN have higher malignancy and removal of TDLNs significantly reduced distant metastasis. Up‐regulation of oncogenic Il‐17rb in cancer cells derived from TDLNs contributes to their malignancy. TGF‐β1 secreted from regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the TDLNs mediated the up‐regulation of Il‐17rb through downstream Smad2/3/4 signaling. These phenotypes can be abolished by TGF‐β1 neutralization or depletion of Tregs. Consistently, clinical data showed that the up‐regulation of IL‐17RB in cancer cells from LN metastases correlated with the increased prevalence of Tregs as well as the aggressive growth of tumors in mouse xenograft assay. Together, these results indicate that Tregs in TDLNs play an important role in modulating the malignancy of breast cancer cells for distant metastasis. Blocking IL‐17RB expression could therefore be a potential approach to curb the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Chi Wei
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuh Shew
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Jen Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eva Y-Hp Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan .,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Yao D, Wang P, Zhang J, Fu L, Ouyang L, Wang J. Deconvoluting the relationships between autophagy and metastasis for potential cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2018; 21:683-98. [PMID: 27003389 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosome-dependent degradation process that may digest some long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. As an essential homeostasis maintaining system in normal cells, autophagy plays a key role in several pathological settings, especially cancer. Metastasis, known as a crucial hallmark of cancer progression, is the primary cause of cancer lethality. The role of autophagy in metastasis is quite complex as supportive evidence has indicated both pro-metastatic and anti-metastatic functions of autophagy. Autophagy can inhibit metastasis by restricting necrosis and mediating autophagic cell death, whereas it may also promote metastasis by enhancing cancer cell fitness in response to stress. Moreover, the function of autophagy is context- and stage-dependent. Specifically, during the early steps of metastasis, autophagy mainly serves as a suppressor, while it plays a pro-metastatic role in the later steps. Here, we focus on highlighting the dual roles of autophagy in metastasis and address the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, which may provide a new insight into cancer biology. While, we also summarize several anti-metastatic agents manipulating autophagy, in the hope of shedding light on exploration of potential novel drugs for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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12
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Ho MY, Liang CM, Liang SM. PATZ1 induces PP4R2 to form a negative feedback loop on IKK/NF-κB signaling in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52255-52269. [PMID: 27391343 PMCID: PMC5239549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of IKK enhances NF-κB signaling to facilitate cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Here, we uncover the existence of a negative feedback loop of IKK. The transcription factor PATZ1 induces protein phosphatase-4 (PP4) regulatory subunit 2 (PP4R2) in an IKK-dependent manner. PP4R2 enhances the binding of PP4 to phosphorylated IKK to inactivate IKK/NF-κB signaling during sustained stimulation by cellular stimuli such as growth factors and inflammatory mediators. Matched pair studies reveal that primary lung cancers express more PATZ1 and PP4R2 than lymph node metastases in patients. Ectopic PATZ1 decreases invasion/colonization of lung cancers and prolongs the survival of xenograft mice. These effects of PATZ1 are reversed by downregulating PP4R2. Our results suggest that PATZ1 and PP4R2 provide negative feedback on IKK/NF-κB signaling to prevent cancer cells from over-stimulation from cellular stimuli; a decline in PATZ1 and PP4R2 is functionally associated with cancer migration/invasion and agents enhancing PATZ1 and PP4R2 are worth exploring to prevent invasion/metastasis of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Ho
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ming Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Gong C, Yang Z, Wu F, Han L, Liu Y, Gong W. miR-17 inhibits ovarian cancer cell peritoneal metastasis by targeting ITGA5 and ITGB1. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2177-83. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Hadisaputri YE, Miyazaki T, Suzuki S, Kubo N, Zuhrotun A, Yokobori T, Abdulah R, Yazawa S, Kuwano H. Molecular characterization of antitumor effects of the rhizome extract from Curcuma zedoaria on human esophageal carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2255-63. [PMID: 26498695 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma zedoaria has been used as a traditional agent against malignant diseases. To elucidate detailed mechanisms producing such an activity, characterization and determination of molecular mechanisms of its antitumor effects was conducted. Inhibiting activities against cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation, and expression levels of corresponding molecules were investigated using human esophageal cancer TE-8 cells treated with the rhizome extract from C. zedoaria. Antitumor effect of the extract administered orally was also examined in tumor-bearing mice. The extract possessed strong anti-proliferation and invasion activities against TE-8 cells. Further, upregulated PTEN and downregulated phosphorylated Akt, mTOR and STAT3 expressions in the cells were induced shortly after treatment with the extract, followed by attenuation of FGFR1 and MMP-2, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP, and suppression of Bcl-2 expressions, which led the cells to apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, tumor formation in mice was significantly suppressed through the oral administration of the extract. Taken together, these results suggest that the C. zedoaria extract could be a promising agent against esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ade Zuhrotun
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
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15
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Langellotti C, Cesar G, Soria I, Quattrocchi V, Jancic C, Zamorano P, Vermeulen M. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of dendritic cells triggers phosphorylation of ERK1/2 inducing class I presentation and apoptosis. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26212005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This pathology is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Over time, the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of this illness became essential. Vaccines currently used contain the inactivated form of the virus. However, vaccination generates an immune response different to that induced by the infection. We investigated whether these differences are related to intracellular mechanisms on dendritic cells (DCs). As a result, we demonstrated that the internalization of infective virus triggered the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was involved in the activation of caspase-9, the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the delivery of viral peptides on MHC class I molecules. While, inactivated virus (iFMDV) did not affect this pathway or any function mediated by its activation. As described, infectious virus in DCs was also associated to autophagy LC3 protein and was associated to lysosomal protein Lamp-2; contrary to observe for the iFMDV. Strikingly, the processing of viral antigens to accommodate in class I molecules does not appear to involve the proteasome. Finally, this increased presentation promotes a specific cytotoxic response against infectious virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Ho MY, Hung SW, Liang CM, Liang SM. Recombinant viral capsid protein VP1 suppresses lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting COX-2/PGE2 and MIG-7. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3931-43. [PMID: 25004182 PMCID: PMC4116532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant capsid protein VP1 (rVP1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus binds to integrins to modulate Akt/GSK3-β signaling and suppress migration/invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we showed that the rVP1-mediated inhibition of Akt/GSK3-β signaling and cell migration/invasion was accompanied by downregulation in phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and IKK/NF-κB signaling as well as suppression of COX-2/PGE2 and MIG-7. Addition of PIP3 or overexpression of ILK reversed the rVP1-induced inhibition of IKK/NF-κB signaling, COX-2 and MIG-7. The rVP1-mediated downregulation of COX-2/PGE2 and MIG-7 led to not only attenuation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, MMP2 activity and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro but also decreased tumor growth and metastasis of lung cancer in xenograft mice. Moreover, downregulation of COX-2/PGE2 and MIG-7 significantly prolonged the overall and disease-free survival of lung cancer-bearing mice. These results suggest that rVP1 inhibits cancer invasion/metastasis, partly if not mainly, via downregulating integrin/PI3K/Akt, ILK and IKK/NF-κB signaling to suppress expression of COX-2/PGE2 and MIG-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Ho
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Chen P, Cescon M, Bonaldo P. Autophagy-mediated regulation of macrophages and its applications for cancer. Autophagy 2013; 10:192-200. [PMID: 24300480 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic pathway that plays an important role in tumor development and progression by acting on cancer cells in a cell-autonomous mechanism. However, the solid tumor is not an island, but rather an ensemble performance that includes nonmalignant stromal cells, such as macrophages. A growing body of evidence indicates that autophagy is a key component of the innate immune response. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in the control of macrophage production at different stages (including hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, monocyte/macrophage migration, and monocyte differentiation into macrophages) and polarization and discuss how modulating autophagy in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may represent a promising strategy for limiting cancer growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova, Italy
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18
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Ho MY, Liang SM, Hung SW, Liang CM. MIG-7 controls COX-2/PGE2-mediated lung cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2012; 73:439-49. [PMID: 23149922 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More effective treatments for metastatic lung cancer remain a pressing clinical need. In this study, we identified migration inducting gene-7 (MIG-7) protein as critical for COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)- and Akt/GSK-3β-dependent tumor invasion/metastasis. COX-2/PGE2 activated EP4 to enhance Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin/T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor signaling leading to MIG-7 upregulation. RNAi-mediated attenuation of MIG-7 blocked COX-2/PGE2- and Akt/GSK-3β-mediated migration/invasion effects. Furthermore, MIG-7 protein inhibited protein phosphatase 2A to sustain Akt/GSK-3β phosphorylation and cancer-cell migration/invasion. Cancer cells overexpressing MIG-7 exhibited increased expression of ZEB-1 and Twist in parallel with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and cancer lethality. MIG-7 protein level positively correlated with advanced stages of human lung cancers. MIG-7 thus offers a theranostic target for cancer metastases arising from aberrant activation of the cellular COX-2/PGE2 and Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Ho
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Liao CC, Ho MY, Liang SM, Liang CM. Recombinant protein rVP1 upregulates BECN1-independent autophagy, MAPK1/3 phosphorylation and MMP9 activity via WIPI1/WIPI2 to promote macrophage migration. Autophagy 2012; 9:5-19. [PMID: 23051912 DOI: 10.4161/auto.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocyte/macrophage is critical for regulating immune and antitumor responses. Recombinant capsid protein VP1 (rVP1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus induces apoptosis and inhibits migration/metastasis of cancer cells. Here, we explored the effects of rVP1 on macrophages. Our results showed that rVP1 increased LC3-related autophagosome formation via WIPI1 and WIPI2 in a BECN1-independent manner. rVP1 treatment increased macrophage migration that was attenuated by knockdown of ATG5, ATG7, WIPI1 or WIPI2 and was abolished when both WIPI1 and WIPI2 were depleted. Treatment of macrophages with rVP1 increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activity and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3), two major mediators of cell migration. Knockdown of WIPI1, WIPI2, ATG5 and ATG7 but not BECN1 attenuated the rVP1-mediated increase in MAPK1/3 phosphorylation and MMP9 activity. These results indicated that rVP1 upregulated autophagy, MAPK1/3 phosphorylation and MMP9 activity to promote macrophage migration, which was dependent on WIPI1, WIPI2, ATG5 and ATG7 but not BECN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chun Liao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Hung SW, Chiu CF, Chen TA, Chu CL, Huang CC, Shyur LF, Liang CM, Liang SM. Recombinant viral protein VP1 suppresses HER-2 expression and migration/metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:89-105. [PMID: 22983836 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide and metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer death. Development of new therapeutic agents for inhibiting breast cancer metastasis is therefore an urgent need. We previously demonstrated that recombinant DNA-derived viral capsid protein VP1 (rVP1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Here, we investigated whether rVP1 exhibits any inhibitory effects on migration/metastasis and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), a well-known biomarker for poor prognosis of breast cancer. The effects of rVP1 on cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis were evaluated using Transwell migration assay and animal cancer models of metastasis. Western blotting, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to investigate the effects of rVP1 on HER-2 and signal transduction mediators. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of rVP1-induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition and significantly suppressed AP-2α and HER-2 expression as well as the migration and invasion of a variety of breast cancer cell lines in a β1-integrin-dependent manner in vitro. Gross and histopathologic examinations showed that rVP1 also suppressed metastasis of several breast cancer cell lines, including HER-2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 and BT-474 cells to lung, liver, or peripheral lymph node in orthotopic allograft/xenograft murine models. In addition, rVP1 significantly prolonged survival in breast cancer-bearing mice. Notably, no apparent side effects of rVP1 were detected, as shown by normal complete blood count levels and serum biochemistry profiles, including AST, ALT, BUN, and creatine. This study demonstrates that rVP1 suppresses the migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells via binding to β1 integrin receptor and down-regulation of AP-2α and HER-2 expression. The effectiveness of rVP1 on inhibiting migration/metastasis of breast cancer and HER-2 expression suggests that it may be suitable for serving as potential therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer particularly HER-2-overexpressing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Hung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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21
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Chiu CF, Peng JM, Hung SW, Liang CM, Liang SM. Recombinant viral capsid protein VP1 suppresses migration and invasion of human cervical cancer by modulating phosphorylated prohibitin in lipid rafts. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:205-14. [PMID: 22388104 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant capsid protein VP1 (rVP1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibits invasion/metastasis of cancer cells. Here we studied its mechanism of action on human cervical cancer cells. The inhibition of cell invasion by rVP1 was accompanied with reduction in phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), phospho-Akt S473, phosphorylated prohibitin (phospho-PHB) T258 in lipid rafts, dissociation of phospho-PHB T258 with Raf-1 and the inactivation of Raf-1/ERK. Addition of PIP3 or overexpression of constitutively active Akt and raft-anchored PHB T258 but not PHB T258I mutant protein reversed the inhibitory effects of rVP1. rVP1 inhibited cervical tumor growth and metastasis, and prolonged survival in xenograft mouse models. These results suggest that rVP1 inhibits cancer metastasis via de-phosphorylation of Akt and PHB T258 in lipid rafts to downregulate Raf/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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