1
|
Rezaul Islam M, Akash S, Murshedul Islam M, Sarkar N, Kumer A, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Ahmed Al-Shaeri M, Anwar Y, Wilairatana P, Rauf A, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Khan H. Alkaloids as drug leads in Alzheimer's treatment: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148886. [PMID: 38582413 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has few effective treatment options and continues to be a major global health concern. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that typically affects elderly people. Alkaloids have potential sources for novel drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Alkaloids, natural products with heterocyclic nitrogen-containing structures, are considered potential treatments for AD. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of alkaloids in AD, focusing on their ability to regulate pathways such as amyloid-beta aggregation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. The FDA has approved alkaloids such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine and rivastigmine. This article explores AD's origins, current market medications, and clinical applications of alkaloids in AD therapy. This review explores the development of alkaloid-based drugs for AD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, blood-brain barrier penetration, and potential adverse effects. Future research should focus on the clinical evaluation of promising alkaloids, developing recently discovered alkaloids, and the ongoing search for novel alkaloids for medical treatment. A pharmaceutical option containing an alkaloid may potentially slow down the progression of AD while enhancing its symptoms. This review highlights the potential of alkaloids as valuable drug leads in treating AD, providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Murshedul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Laboratory of Computational Research for Drug Design and Material Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, 4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- State Disease Investigation Laboratory, ARDD, Abhoynagar, Agartala, West Tripura, Pin-799005, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kam MK, Park JY, Yun GH, Sohn HY, Park JH, Choi J, Koh YH, Jo C. Rottlerin Enhances the Autophagic Degradation of Phosphorylated Tau in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04182-9. [PMID: 38671330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intra-neuronal accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To prevent the aggregation of phosphorylated tau in neurons, decreasing the phosphorylated tau protein levels is important. Here, we examined the biological effects of rottlerin, a phytochemical compound extracted from the Kamala tree, Mallotus philippinensis, on phosphorylated tau levels. Notably, rottlerin decreased the levels of intracellular phosphorylated and total tau. A marked increase in the LC3-II, a hallmark of autophagy, was observed in these cells, indicating that rottlerin strongly induced autophagy. Interestingly, rottlerin induced the phosphorylation of Raptor at S792 through the activation of adenosine-monophosphate activated-protein kinase (AMPK), which likely inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), thus resulting in the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy. In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity increased in the presence of rottlerin. The decrease of phosphorylated tau levels in the presence of rottlerin was ameliorated by the knockdown of TFEB and partially attenuated by the knockout of the Nrf2 gene. Taken together, rottlerin likely enhances the degradation of phosphorylated tau through autophagy activated by TFEB and Nrf2. Thus, our results suggest that a natural compound rottlerin could be used as a preventive and therapeutic drug for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kam
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Jee-Yun Park
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Yun
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Sohn
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Choi
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Liu X, Oveisgharan S, Zammit AR, Nag S, Bennett DA, Buchman AS. Inferring Alzheimer's Disease Pathologic Traits from Clinical Measures in Living Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:95-107. [PMID: 38427476 PMCID: PMC11034758 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (AD-NC) are important to identify people with high risk for AD dementia (ADD) and subtyping ADD. Objective Develop imputation models based on clinical measures to infer AD-NC. Methods We used penalized generalized linear regression to train imputation models for four AD-NC traits (amyloid-β, tangles, global AD pathology, and pathologic AD) in Rush Memory and Aging Project decedents, using clinical measures at the last visit prior to death as predictors. We validated these models by inferring AD-NC traits with clinical measures at the last visit prior to death for independent Religious Orders Study (ROS) decedents. We inferred baseline AD-NC traits for all ROS participants at study entry, and then tested if inferred AD-NC traits at study entry predicted incident ADD and postmortem pathologic AD. Results Inferred AD-NC traits at the last visit prior to death were related to postmortem measures with R2 = (0.188,0.316,0.262) respectively for amyloid-β, tangles, and global AD pathology, and prediction Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) 0.765 for pathologic AD. Inferred baseline levels of all four AD-NC traits predicted ADD. The strongest prediction was obtained by the inferred baseline probabilities of pathologic AD with AUC = (0.919,0.896) for predicting the development of ADD in 3 and 5 years from baseline. The inferred baseline levels of all four AD-NC traits significantly discriminated pathologic AD profiled eight years later with p-values < 1.4×10-10. Conclusions Inferred AD-NC traits based on clinical measures may provide effective AD biomarkers that can estimate the burden of AD-NC traits in aging adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xizhu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medicine Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Andrea R. Zammit
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medicine Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sukriti Nag
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medicine Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medicine Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medicine Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Long H, Zhu W, Wei L, Zhao J. Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e298. [PMID: 37377861 PMCID: PMC10292684 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain iron homeostasis is maintained through the normal function of blood-brain barrier and iron regulation at the systemic and cellular levels, which is fundamental to normal brain function. Excess iron can catalyze the generation of free radicals through Fenton reactions due to its dual redox state, thus causing oxidative stress. Numerous evidence has indicated brain diseases, especially stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, are closely related to the mechanism of iron homeostasis imbalance in the brain. For one thing, brain diseases promote brain iron accumulation. For another, iron accumulation amplifies damage to the nervous system and exacerbates patients' outcomes. In addition, iron accumulation triggers ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, which is closely related to neurodegeneration and has received wide attention in recent years. In this context, we outline the mechanism of a normal brain iron metabolism and focus on the current mechanism of the iron homeostasis imbalance in stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Meanwhile, we also discuss the mechanism of ferroptosis and simultaneously enumerate the newly discovered drugs for iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Long
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wangshu Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jungong Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeyaraman M, Rajendran RL, Muthu S, Jeyaraman N, Sharma S, Jha SK, Muthukanagaraj P, Hong CM, Furtado da Fonseca L, Santos Duarte Lana JF, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. An update on stem cell and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapy in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17808. [PMID: 37449130 PMCID: PMC10336689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, neurological diseases pose a major burden to healthcare professionals in terms of the management and prevention of the disorder. Among neurological diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for 50%-70% of dementia and is the fifth leading cause of mortality worldwide. AD is a progressive, degenerative neurological disease, with the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and subcortical regions. The management of AD remains a debate among physicians as no standard and specific "disease-modifying" modality is available. The concept of 'Regenerative Medicine' is aimed at regenerating the degenerated neural tissues to reverse the pathology in AD. Genetically modified engineered stem cells modify the course of AD after transplantation into the brain. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging new approach in cell communication that involves the transfer of cellular materials from parental cells to recipient cells, resulting in changes at the molecular and signaling levels in the recipient cells. EVs are a type of vesicle that can be transported between cells. Many have proposed that EVs produced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may have therapeutic promise in the treatment of AD. The biology of AD, as well as the potential applications of stem cells and their derived EVs-based therapy, were explored in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600056, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Government Dindigul Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624001, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
- Department of Orthopedics, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, 603108, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Purushothaman Muthukanagaraj
- Department of Internal Medicine & Psychiatry, SUNY-Upstate Binghamton Clinical Campus, Binghamton, NY, 13904, USA
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucas Furtado da Fonseca
- Department of Orthopedics, The Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao J, Wang X, He Y, Xu P, Lai L, Chung Y, Pan X. The Role of T Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:15-23. [PMID: 37943150 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory decline and cognitive impairment, which is related to hallmark protein aggregates, amyloid-β (Аβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles; the latter are accumulated with hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Immune cells play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Although the role of T cells in AD remains controversial, studies have shown that T cell deficiency is associated with increased AD pathology. In contrast, transplantation of T cells reduces AD pathology. T cells can help B cells generate anti-Аβ antibody to neutralize the toxin of Аβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau. T cells also activate macrophages to phagocytose misfolded proteins including Аβ and Tau. Recent data have also shown that AD animals have a damaged thymic microenvironment, especially thymic epithelial cells (TECs), resulting in decreased T cell numbers, which contribute to AD pathology. Therefore, regulation of T cell regeneration, for example by rejuvenating the thymic microenvironment, has the potential to be used in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yusheng He
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Laijun Lai
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Younggie Chung
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bjørklund G, Zou L, Peana M, Chasapis CT, Hangan T, Lu J, Maes M. The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2161. [PMID: 36358532 PMCID: PMC9686621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Immunogenicity of MultiTEP platform technology-based Tau vaccine in non-human primates. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 36224191 PMCID: PMC9556597 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological forms of Tau protein are directly associated with neurodegeneration and correlate with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) symptoms, progression, and severity. Previously, using various mouse models of Tauopathies and AD, we have demonstrated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the MultiTEP-based adjuvanted vaccine targeting the phosphatase activating domain (PAD) of Tau, AV-1980R/A. Here, we analyzed its immunogenicity in non-human primates (NHP), the closest phylogenic relatives to humans with a similar immune system, to initiate the transition of this vaccine into clinical trials. We have demonstrated that AV-1980R/A is highly immunogenic in these NHPs, activating a broad but unique to each monkey repertoire of MultiTEP-specific T helper (Th) cells that, in turn, activate B cells specific to PAD. The resulting anti-PAD IgG antibodies recognize pathological Tau tangles and Tau-positive neuritis in AD case brain sections with no staining in control non-AD cases. These published data and efficacy results support the AV-1980R/A vaccine progression to first-in-human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
9
|
Allostery Inhibition of BACE1 by Psychotic and Meroterpenoid Drugs in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144372. [PMID: 35889246 PMCID: PMC9320338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In over a century since its discovery, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has continued to be a global health concern due to its incurable nature and overwhelming increase among older people. In this paper, we give an overview of the efforts of researchers towards identifying potent BACE1 exosite-binding antibodies and allosteric inhibitors. Herein, we apply computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods to unravel the interactions of some proposed psychotic and meroterpenoid BACE1 allosteric site inhibitors. This study is aimed at validating the allosteric potentials of these selected compounds targeted at BACE1 inhibition. Molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, and post-MD analyses are carried out on these selected compounds, which have been experimentally proven to exhibit allosteric inhibition on BACE1. The SwissDock software enabled us to identify more than five druggable pockets on the BACE1 structural surface using docking. Besides the active site region, a melatonin derivative (compound 1) previously proposed as a BACE1 allostery inhibitor showed appreciable stability at eight different subsites on BACE1. Refinement with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations shows that the identified non-catalytic sites are potential allostery sites for compound 1. The allostery and binding mechanism of the selected potent inhibitors show that the smaller the molecule, the easier the attachment to several enzyme regions. This finding hereby establishes that most of these selected compounds failed to exhibit strong allosteric binding with BACE1 except for compound 1. We hereby suggest that further studies and additional identification/validation of other BACE1 allosteric compounds be done. Furthermore, this additional allosteric site investigation will help in reducing the associated challenges with designing BACE1 inhibitors while exploring the opportunities in the design of allosteric BACE1 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rai H, Gupta S, Kumar S, Yang J, Singh SK, Ran C, Modi G. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes as Imaging and Theranostic Modalities for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8550-8595. [PMID: 35759679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A person suspected of having Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically diagnosed for the presence of principal biomarkers, especially misfolded amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain regions. Existing radiotracer diagnostic tools, such as PET imaging, are expensive and have limited availability for primary patient screening and pre-clinical animal studies. To change the status quo, small-molecular near-infrared (NIR) probes have been rapidly developed, which may serve as an inexpensive, handy imaging tool to comprehend the dynamics of pathogenic progression in AD and assess therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This Perspective summarizes the biochemistry of Aβ and tau proteins and then focuses on structurally diverse NIR probes with coverages of their spectroscopic properties, binding affinity toward Aβ and tau species, and theranostic effectiveness. With the summarized information and perspective discussions, we hope that this paper may serve as a guiding tool for designing novel in vivo imaging fluoroprobes with theranostic capabilities in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P.-221005, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P.-221005, India
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P.-221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gupta GL, Samant NP. Current druggable targets for therapeutic control of Alzheimer's disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 109:106549. [PMID: 34464763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that has an increasingly large burden on health and social care systems. The pathophysiology involves the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles contributing to neuronal death and leading to cognition impairment. However, its cause remains poorly understood, and there is no cure for AD despite extensive research and billions of dollars spent over decades. Currently, there are only four US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and one combination therapy available in the market for the symptomatic relief of AD. Since 2003, no new drug has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of AD. Researchers continue to explore new treatments and therapeutic strategies to treat AD. The need for novel discoveries on therapeutic targets and the development of new therapeutic approaches is imminent when considering the current expectations regarding the increased number of AD cases each year and the huge financial cost amounted to healthcare. This review focused on the current status of drugs in the clinical pipeline targeting β-amyloid, tau phosphorylation, or neurotransmitter dysfunction for therapeutic control of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari Lal Gupta
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur Campus, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India; Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nikita Patil Samant
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Lautrup S, Caponio D, Zhang J, Fang EF. DNA Damage-Induced Neurodegeneration in Accelerated Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136748. [PMID: 34201700 PMCID: PMC8268089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair ensures genomic stability to achieve healthy ageing, including cognitive maintenance. Mutations on genes encoding key DNA repair proteins can lead to diseases with accelerated ageing phenotypes. Some of these diseases are xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA, caused by mutation of XPA), Cockayne syndrome group A and group B (CSA, CSB, and are caused by mutations of CSA and CSB, respectively), ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T, caused by mutation of ATM), and Werner syndrome (WS, with most cases caused by mutations in WRN). Except for WS, a common trait of the aforementioned progerias is neurodegeneration. Evidence from studies using animal models and patient tissues suggests that the associated DNA repair deficiencies lead to depletion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), resulting in impaired mitophagy, accumulation of damaged mitochondria, metabolic derailment, energy deprivation, and finally leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Intriguingly, these features are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Further studies on the mechanisms of the DNA repair deficient premature ageing diseases will help to unveil the mystery of ageing and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), 0010 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
González C, Cartagena C, Caballero L, Melo F, Areche C, Cornejo A. The Fumarprotocetraric Acid Inhibits Tau Covalently, Avoiding Cytotoxicity of Aggregates in Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123760. [PMID: 34205516 PMCID: PMC8234475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Tauopathies that involve tau protein, base their pathological mechanism on forming proteinaceous aggregates, which has a deleterious effect on cells triggering an inflammatory response. Moreover, tau inhibitors can exert their mechanism of action through noncovalent and covalent interactions. Thus, Michael's addition appears as a feasible type of interaction involving an α, β unsaturated carbonyl moiety to avoid pathological confirmation and further cytotoxicity. Moreover, we isolated three compounds from Antarctic lichens Cladonia cariosa and Himantormia lugubris: protolichesterinic acid (1), fumarprotocetraric acid (2), and lichesterinic acid (3). The maleimide cysteine labeling assay showed that compounds 1, 2, and 3 inhibit at 50 µM, but compounds 2 and 3 are statistically significant. Based on its inhibition capacity, we decided to test compound 2 further. Thus, our results suggest that compound 2 remodel soluble oligomers and diminish β sheet content, as demonstrated through ThT experiments. Hence, we added externally treated oligomers with compound 2 to demonstrate that they are harmless in cell culture. First, the morphology of cells in the presence of aggregates does not suffer evident changes compared to the control. Additionally, the externally added aggregates do not provoke a substantial LDH release compared to the control, indicating that treated oligomers do not provoke membrane damage in cell culture compared with aggregates alone. Thus, in the present work, we demonstrated that Michael's acceptors found in lichens could serve as a scaffold to explore different mechanisms of action to turn tau aggregates into harmless species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila González
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile; (C.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Constanza Cartagena
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile; (C.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Leonardo Caballero
- Departamento de Física, Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Usach, Avenida Ecuador, Estación Central, Santiago 9170124, Chile; (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de Física, Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Usach, Avenida Ecuador, Estación Central, Santiago 9170124, Chile; (L.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile; (C.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Son SH, Do JM, Yoo JN, Lee HW, Kim NK, Yoo HS, Gee MS, Kim JH, Seong JH, Inn KS, Seo MD, Lee JK, Kim NJ. Identification of ortho catechol-containing isoflavone as a privileged scaffold that directly prevents the aggregation of both amyloid β plaques and tau-mediated neurofibrillary tangles and its in vivo evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105022. [PMID: 34098397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polyhydroxyisoflavones that directly prevent the aggregation of both amyloid β (Aβ) and tau were expediently synthesized via divergent Pd(0)-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and then biologically evaluated. By preliminary structure-activity relationship studies using thioflavin T (ThT) assays, an ortho-catechol containing isoflavone scaffold was proven to be crucial for preventing both Aβ aggregation and tau-mediated neurofibrillary tangle formation. Additional TEM experiment confirmed that ortho-catechol containing isoflavone 4d significantly prevented the aggregation of both Aβ and tau. To investigate the mode of action (MOA) of 4d, which possesses an ortho-catechol moiety, 1H-15N HSQC NMR analysis was thoroughly performed and the result indicated that 4d could directly inhibit both the formation of Aβ42 fibrils and the formation of tau-derived neurofibrils, probably through the catechol-mediated nucleation of tau. Finally, 4d was demonstrated to alleviate cognitive impairment and pathologies related to Alzheimer's disease in a 5XFAD transgenic mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Son
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Do
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Na Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kwon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Gee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ingham DJ, Blankenfeld BR, Chacko S, Perera C, Oakley BR, Gamblin TC. Fungally Derived Isoquinoline Demonstrates Inducer-Specific Tau Aggregation Inhibition. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1658-1669. [PMID: 34009955 PMCID: PMC8173610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The microtubule-associated
protein tau promotes the stabilization
of the axonal cytoskeleton in neurons. In several neurodegenerative
diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, tau has been found to
dissociate from microtubules, leading to the formation of pathological
aggregates that display an amyloid fibril-like structure. Recent structural
studies have shown that the tau filaments isolated from different
neurodegenerative disorders have structurally distinct fibril cores
that are specific to the disease. These “strains” of
tau fibrils appear to propagate between neurons in a prion-like fashion
that maintains their initial template structure. In addition, the
strains isolated from diseased tissue appear to have structures that
are different from those made by the most commonly used in
vitro modeling inducer molecule, heparin. The structural
differences among strains in different diseases and in vitro-induced tau fibrils may contribute to recent failures in clinical
trials of compounds designed to target tau pathology. This study identifies
an isoquinoline compound (ANTC-15) isolated from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans that can both inhibit filaments induced
by arachidonic acid (ARA) and disassemble preformed ARA fibrils. When
compared to a tau aggregation inhibitor currently in clinical trials
(LMTX, LMTM, or TRx0237), ANTC-15 and LMTX were found to have opposing
inducer-specific activities against ARA and heparin in vitro-induced tau filaments. These findings may help explain the disappointing
results in translating potent preclinical inhibitor candidates to
successful clinical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Ingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bryce R Blankenfeld
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Shibin Chacko
- Synthetic Chemical Biology Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Chamani Perera
- Synthetic Chemical Biology Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Berl R Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Truman Christopher Gamblin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gabr MT, Barbault F. First dual binder of microRNA-146a and monomeric tau: a novel approach for multitargeted therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:9695-9698. [PMID: 32699863 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new approach for the development of multitargeted therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on dual targeting of monomeric tau and biogenesis of microRNA-146a. Compound MG-1102 displayed a superior neuroprotective activity, in comparison to mono-targeted therapeutics, which validates the likelihood of the success of this approach in AD drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Florent Barbault
- Universite de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Przybyla M, van Eersel J, van Hummel A, van der Hoven J, Sabale M, Harasta A, Müller J, Gajwani M, Prikas E, Mueller T, Stevens CH, Power J, Housley GD, Karl T, Kassiou M, Ke YD, Ittner A, Ittner LM. Onset of hippocampal network aberration and memory deficits in P301S tau mice are associated with an early gene signature. Brain 2021; 143:1889-1904. [PMID: 32375177 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and deposition of tau in the brain characterizes frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Disease-associated mutations in the tau-encoding MAPT gene have enabled the generation of transgenic mouse models that recapitulate aspects of human neurodegenerative diseases, including tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation. Here, we characterized the effects of transgenic P301S mutant human tau expression on neuronal network function in the murine hippocampus. Onset of progressive spatial learning deficits in P301S tau transgenic TAU58/2 mice were paralleled by long-term potentiation deficits and neuronal network aberrations during electrophysiological and EEG recordings. Gene-expression profiling just prior to onset of apparent deficits in TAU58/2 mice revealed a signature of immediate early genes that is consistent with neuronal network hypersynchronicity. We found that the increased immediate early gene activity was confined to neurons harbouring tau pathology, providing a cellular link between aberrant tau and network dysfunction. Taken together, our data suggest that tau pathology drives neuronal network dysfunction through hyperexcitation of individual, pathology-harbouring neurons, thereby contributing to memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Przybyla
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet van Eersel
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Annika van Hummel
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia van der Hoven
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Miheer Sabale
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Harasta
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Julius Müller
- Genome Informatics at Molecular Health GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mehul Gajwani
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire H Stevens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - John Power
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary D Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adeowo FY, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Design and Development of Cholinesterase Dual Inhibitors towards Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Focus on Recent Contributions from Computational and Theoretical Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y. Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Balmik AA, Chidambaram H, Dangi A, Marelli UK, Chinnathambi S. HDAC6 ZnF UBP as the Modifier of Tau Structure and Function. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4546-4562. [PMID: 33237772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 is a class II histone deacetylase primarily present in the cytoplasm and involved in the regulation of various cellular functions. It consists of two catalytic deacetylase domains and a unique zinc finger ubiquitin binding protein domain, which sets it apart from other HDACs. HDAC6 is known to regulate cellular activities by modifying the function of microtubules, HSP90, and cortactin through deacetylation. Apart from the catalytic activity of HDAC6, it interacts with other proteins through either the SE14 domain or the ZnF UBP domain to modulate their functions. Here, we have studied the role of the HDAC6 ZnF UBP domain as a modifier of Tau aggregation by its direct interaction with the polyproline region/repeat region of Tau. Interaction of HDAC6 ZnF UBP with Tau was found to reduce the propensity of Tau to self-aggregate and to disaggregate preformed aggregates in a concentration-dependent manner and also bring about the conformational changes in Tau protein. The interaction of HDAC6 ZnF UBP with Tau results in its degradation, suggesting either proteolytic activity of HDAC6 ZnF UBP or its role in enhancing autoproteolysis of Tau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ankur Balmik
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Abha Dangi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.,Central NMR Facility and Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.,Central NMR Facility and Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dominguez-Meijide A, Vasili E, Outeiro TF. Pharmacological Modulators of Tau Aggregation and Spreading. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E858. [PMID: 33203009 PMCID: PMC7696562 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of aggregates composed of abnormal tau protein in the brain. Additionally, misfolded forms of tau can propagate from cell to cell and throughout the brain. This process is thought to lead to the templated misfolding of the native forms of tau, and thereby, to the formation of newer toxic aggregates, thereby propagating the disease. Therefore, modulation of the processes that lead to tau aggregation and spreading is of utmost importance in the fight against tauopathies. In recent years, several molecules have been developed for the modulation of tau aggregation and spreading. In this review, we discuss the processes of tau aggregation and spreading and highlight selected chemicals developed for the modulation of these processes, their usefulness, and putative mechanisms of action. Ultimately, a stronger understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, and the properties of the substances developed to modulate them, will lead to the development of safer and better strategies for the treatment of tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Adeowo FY, Ejalonibu MA, Elrashedy AA, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Multi-target approach for Alzheimer's disease treatment: computational biomolecular modeling of cholinesterase enzymes with a novel 4- N-phenylaminoquinoline derivative reveal promising potentials. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3825-3841. [PMID: 33030113 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1826129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of dual inhibitors targeting the active sites of the cholinesterase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), have lately surfaced as a multi-approach towards Alzheimer treatment. More recently, a novel series of 4-N-phenylaminoquinolines was synthesized and evaluated against AChE and BuChE in which one of the compounds displayed appreciable inhibition compared to the standard compound, galantamine. To provide a clearer picture of the inhibition mechanism of this potent compound at the molecular level, computational biomolecular modeling was carried out. The investigation was initiated with the exploration of the chemical properties of the identified compound 11 b and reference drug, galantamine. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal some conceptual parameters that provide information on the stability and reactivity of the compounds as potential inhibitors. To unveil the binding mechanism, energetics and enzyme-ligand interactions, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of six different systems were executed over a period. Calculated binding free energy values are in the same order with experimental IC50 data. Identification of the main residues driving optimum binding of the active compound 11 b to the binding region of both AChE and BuChE showed Trp81 and Trp110 as the most important, respectively. It was proposed that the studied compound could serve as a dual inhibitor for AChE and BuChE, therefore, would potentially be a promising moiety in a multi-target approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disorder.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y Adeowo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Murtala A Ejalonibu
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computational and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ittner A, Asih PR, Tan ARP, Prikas E, Bertz J, Stefanoska K, Lin Y, Volkerling AM, Ke YD, Delerue F, Ittner LM. Reduction of advanced tau-mediated memory deficits by the MAP kinase p38γ. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:279-294. [PMID: 32725265 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of the neuronal tau protein contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting tau pathology and neuronal and cognitive deficits. In contrast, we have previously shown that site-specific tau phosphorylation can inhibit toxic signals induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) in mouse models. The post-synaptic mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38γ mediates this site-specific phosphorylation on tau at Threonine-205 (T205). Using a gene therapeutic approach, we draw on this neuroprotective mechanism to improve memory in two Aβ-dependent mouse models of AD at stages when advanced memory deficits are present. Increasing activity of post-synaptic kinase p38γ that targets T205 in tau reduced memory deficits in symptomatic Aβ-induced AD models. Reconstitution experiments with wildtype human tau or phosphorylation-deficient tauT205A showed that T205 modification is critical for downstream effects of p38γ that prevent memory impairment in APP-transgenic mice. Furthermore, genome editing of the T205 codon in the murine Mapt gene showed that this single side chain in endogenous tau critically modulates memory deficits in APP-transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Ablating the protective effect of p38γ activity by genetic p38γ deletion in a tau transgenic mouse model that expresses non-pathogenic tau rendered tau toxic and resulted in impaired memory function in the absence of human Aβ. Thus, we propose that modulating neuronal p38γ activity serves as an intrinsic tau-dependent therapeutic approach to augment compromised cognition in advanced dementia.
Collapse
|
23
|
Watt AD, Jenkins NL, McColl G, Collins S, Desmond PM. Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Late-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1311-1316. [PMID: 30475773 PMCID: PMC6484269 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is hope that the continuing efforts of researchers will yield a disease-modifying drug for Alzheimer’s disease. Such a drug is likely to be capable of halting, or significantly slowing, the underlying pathological processes driving cognitive decline; however, it is unlikely to be capable of restoring brain function already lost through the pathological process. A therapy capable of halting Alzheimer’s disease, while not providing restoration of function, may prompt serious ethical questions. For example, is there a stage in the disease process when it becomes too late for therapeutic intervention to commence? And who bears the responsibility of making such a decision? Conversations regarding the ethics of treating neurodegenerative conditions with non-restorative drugs have been largely absent within both clinical and research communities. Such discussions are urgently required to ensure that patients’ rights and well-being are protected when such therapeutic options become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Watt
- The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L Jenkins
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gawain McColl
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Collins
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muralidar S, Ambi SV, Sekaran S, Thirumalai D, Palaniappan B. Role of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease: The prime pathological player. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1599-1617. [PMID: 32784025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalently found tauopathy characterized by memory loss and cognitive insufficiency. AD is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with two major hallmarks which includes extracellular amyloid plaques made of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. With population aging worldwide, there is an indispensable need for treatment strategies that can potentially manage this developing dementia. Despite broad researches on targeting Aβ in the past two decades, research findings on Aβ targeted therapeutics failed to prove efficacy in the treatment of AD. Tau protein with its extensive pathological role in several neurodegenerative diseases can be considered as a promising target candidate for developing therapeutic interventions. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau plays detrimental pathological functions which ultimately lead to neurodegeneration. This review will divulge the importance of tau in AD pathogenesis, the interplay of Aβ and tau, the pathological functions of tau, and potential therapeutic strategies for an effective management of neuronal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibi Muralidar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galectin-3 Secreted by Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Aberrant Tau Phosphorylation in an Alzheimer Disease Model. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8878412. [PMID: 32733573 PMCID: PMC7383310 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neurofibrillary tangles has been implicated as an important pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have revealed that the inhibition of abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau in the AD brain might serve as an important drug target. Using in vitro and in vivo experimental models, such as the AD mouse model (5xFAD mice), we investigated the inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of tau using the human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). Administration of hUCB-MSCs not only ameliorated the spatial learning and memory impairments but also mitigated the hyperphosphorylation of tau in 5xFAD mice. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in mice and in vitro ThT fluorescence assay validated galectin-3 (GAL-3) as an essential factor of hUCB-MSC. Moreover, GAL-3 was observed to be involved in the removal of aberrant forms of tau, by reducing hyperphosphorylation through decrements in the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Our results confirm that GAL-3, secreted by hUCB-MSC, regulates the abnormal accumulation of tau by protein-protein interactions. This study suggests that hUCB-MSCs mitigate hyperphosphorylation of tau through GAL-3 secretion. These findings highlight the potential role of hUCB-MSCs as a therapeutic agent for aberrant tau in AD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tau affects P53 function and cell fate during the DNA damage response. Commun Biol 2020; 3:245. [PMID: 32427887 PMCID: PMC7237658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to DNA damaging insults. To protect the organism, cells developed a complex molecular response coordinated by P53, the master regulator of DNA repair, cell division and cell fate. DNA damage accumulation and abnormal cell fate decision may represent a pathomechanism shared by aging-associated disorders such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Here, we examined this hypothesis in the context of tauopathies, a neurodegenerative disorder group characterized by Tau protein deposition. For this, the response to an acute DNA damage was studied in neuroblastoma cells with depleted Tau, as a model of loss-of-function. Under these conditions, altered P53 stability and activity result in reduced cell death and increased cell senescence. This newly discovered function of Tau involves abnormal modification of P53 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Considering the medical need with vast social implications caused by neurodegeneration and cancer, our study may reform our approach to disease-modifying therapies. Martina Sola, Claudia Magrin et al. study the relation between Tau and P53 in response to DNA damage. They uncover an important role for Tau in regulating the stability, and activity of P53 post translationally. Their findings provide insights to potentially common pathways in neurodegenerative disease and cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Monteiro KL, Alcântara MGDS, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Tau Protein Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Therapeutic Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1682-1692. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200414164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
:
Major research in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related to disease-modifying agents is concentrated on
pharmacological approaches related to diagnostic markers, neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Although
most studies focus on anti-amyloid strategies, investigations on tau protein have produced significant advances in
the modulation of the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Since the discovery of phenothiazines
as tau protein aggregation inhibitors (TAGIs), many additional small molecule inhibitors have been discovered
and characterized in biological model systems, which exert their interaction effects by covalent and noncovalent
means. In this paper, we summarize the latest advances in the discovery and development of tau aggregation
inhibitors using a specialized approach in their chemical classes. The design of new TAGIs and their encouraging
use in in vivo and clinical trials support their potential therapeutic use in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadja L.C. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Marcone G. dos S. Alcântara
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. de Aquino
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Melatonin interacts with repeat domain of Tau to mediate disaggregation of paired helical filaments. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
29
|
Das R, Balmik AA, Chinnathambi S. Effect of Melatonin on Tau aggregation and Tau-mediated cell surface morphology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:30-39. [PMID: 32044365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of Microtubule-associated protein Tau and its deposition in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau aggregation inhibition has been targeted in various studies including natural compounds and synthetic small molecules. Here, we have studied neurohormone- Melatonin against in vitro Tau aggregation and observed its effect on membrane topology, tubulin network and Tau phosphorylation in Neuro2A and N9 cell lines. The aggregation and conformation of Tau was determined by ThT fluorescence and CD spectroscopy respectively. The morphology of Tau aggregates in presence and absence of Melatonin was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Melatonin was found to reduce the formation of higher order oligomeric structures without affecting the overall aggregation kinetics of Tau. Melatonin also modulates and helps to maintain membrane morphology, independent on tubulin network as evidenced by FE-SEM and immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, Melatonin administration shows mild anti-aggregation and cytoprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Ankur Balmik
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Yang Y, Zhao H, Zhu T, Yang Z, Xu H, Fu Y, Lin F, Pan X, Li L, Cui C, Hong M, Yang L, Wang KK, Tan W. Enhanced in Vivo Blood–Brain Barrier Penetration by Circular Tau–Transferrin Receptor Bifunctional Aptamer for Tauopathy Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3862-3872. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hengzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tian Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yueqiang Fu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Long Li
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Cheng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Min Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center (BRRC), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville Florida 32608, United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Despres C, Di J, Cantrelle FX, Li Z, Huvent I, Chambraud B, Zhao J, Chen J, Chen S, Lippens G, Zhang F, Linhardt R, Wang C, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Landrieu I, Bitan G, Smet-Nocca C. Major Differences between the Self-Assembly and Seeding Behavior of Heparin-Induced and in Vitro Phosphorylated Tau and Their Modulation by Potential Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1363-1379. [PMID: 31046227 PMCID: PMC6636790 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Self-assembly of
the microtubule-associated protein tau into neurotoxic
oligomers, fibrils, and paired helical filaments, and cell-to-cell
spreading of these pathological tau species are critical processes
underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and other
tauopathies. Modulating the self-assembly process and inhibiting formation
and spreading of such toxic species are promising strategies for therapy
development. A challenge in investigating tau self-assembly in vitro
is that, unlike most amyloidogenic proteins, tau does not aggregate
in the absence of posttranslational modifications (PTM), aggregation
inducers, or preformed seeds. The most common induction method is
addition of polyanions, such as heparin; yet, this artificial system
may not represent adequately tau self-assembly in vivo, which is driven
by aberrant phosphorylation and other PTMs, potentially leading to
in vitro data that do not reflect the behavior of tau and its interaction
with modulators in vivo. To tackle these challenges, methods for in
vitro phosphorylation of tau to produce aggregation-competent forms
recently have been introduced (Despres
et al. (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 114, 9080−908528784767). However, the oligomerization, seeding, and interaction
with assembly modulators of the different forms of tau have not been
studied to date. To address these knowledge gaps, we compared here
side-by-side the self-assembly and seeding activity of heparin-induced
tau with two forms of in vitro phosphorylated tau and tested how the
molecular tweezer CLR01, a negatively charged compound, affected these
processes. Tau was phosphorylated by incubation either with activated
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 or with a whole rat brain
extract. Seeding activity was measured using a fluorescence-resonance
energy transfer-based biosensor-cell method. We also used solution-state
NMR to investigate the binding sites of CLR01 on tau and how they
were impacted by phosphorylation. Our systematic structure–activity
relationship study demonstrates that heparin-induced tau behaves differently
from in vitro phosphorylated tau. The aggregation rates of the different
forms are distinct as is the intracellular localization of the induced
aggregates, which resemble brain-derived tau strains suggesting that
heparin-induced tau and in vitro phosphorylated tau have different
conformations, properties, and activities. CLR01 inhibits aggregation
and seeding of both heparin-induced and in vitro phosphorylated tau
dose-dependently, although heparin induction interferes with the interaction
between CLR01 and tau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianle Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Guy Lippens
- Lille University CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Robert Linhardt
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | | | - Frank-Gerrit Klärner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Areche C, Zapata F, González M, Díaz E, Montecinos R, Hernández M, Melo F, Cornejo A. Anthraquinone Derivative Reduces Tau Oligomer Progression by Inhibiting Cysteine-Cysteine Interaction. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:554-559. [PMID: 31065505 PMCID: PMC6496470 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is a natively unfolded protein whose primary role is to participate in axonal transport closely associated with microtubules. Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Tauopathies involved tau protein that is found hyperphosphorylated in vivo; then, tau is detached from microtubules to form toxic aggregates or oligomers, which have a deleterious effect on membranes, triggering an inflammatory response. Considering finding tau inhibitors, we isolated two compounds in the ethyl acetate extract from Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr; ergosterol peroxide (1) and a new anthraquinone (2). We established the structure through spectroscopic data and biogenic considerations, and we named it "2-hydroxy-3-((8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinonyl)oxy)propanoic acid". This new anthraquinone was evaluated as a tau inhibitor by ThT fluorescence, dot blot assays and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Our results strongly suggest that this anthraquinone remodels soluble oligomers and diminishes β-sheet content. Moreover, through the fluorescence labeling of cysteine inside of the microtubule-binding domain (4R), we showed that this anthraquinone could reduce the oligomers progression by inhibiting cysteine interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 34257800003Santiago-Chile
| | - Francisca Zapata
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| | - Mathias González
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| | | | - Marcos Hernández
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 34257800003Santiago-Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de FísicaAvenida Ecuador 34939170124Santiago-Chile
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Escuela Tecnología MédicaFacultad de MedicinaSazie 23158370092Santiago-Chile
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bazzari FH, Abdallah DM, El-Abhar HS. Pharmacological Interventions to Attenuate Alzheimer’s Disease Progression: The Story So Far. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:261-277. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190301111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Up to date, the available pharmacological options for AD are limited to cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine that may only provide modest symptomatic management with no significance in slowing down the disease progression. Over the past three decades, the increased interest in and the understanding of AD major pathological hallmarks have provided an insight into the mechanisms mediating its pathogenesis, which in turn introduced a number of hypotheses and novel targets for the treatment of AD. Initially, targeting amyloid-beta and tau protein was considered the most promising therapeutic approach. However, further investigations have identified other major players, such as neuroinflammation, impaired insulin signalling and defective autophagy, that may contribute to the disease progression. While some promising drugs are currently being investigated in human studies, the majority of the previously developed medical agents have come to an end in clinical trials, as they have failed to illustrate any beneficial outcome. This review aims to discuss the different introduced approaches to alleviate AD progression; in addition, provides a comprehensive overview of the drugs in the development phase as well as their mode of action and an update of their status in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas H. Bazzari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hernandez I, Luna G, Rauch JN, Reis SA, Giroux M, Karch CM, Boctor D, Sibih YE, Storm NJ, Diaz A, Kaushik S, Zekanowski C, Kang AA, Hinman CR, Cerovac V, Guzman E, Zhou H, Haggarty SJ, Goate AM, Fisher SK, Cuervo AM, Kosik KS. A farnesyltransferase inhibitor activates lysosomes and reduces tau pathology in mice with tauopathy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaat3005. [PMID: 30918111 PMCID: PMC7961212 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tau inclusions are a shared feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, among them frontotemporal dementia caused by tau mutations. Treatment approaches for these conditions include targeting posttranslational modifications of tau proteins, maintaining a steady-state amount of tau, and preventing its tendency to aggregate. We discovered a new regulatory pathway for tau degradation that operates through the farnesylated protein, Rhes, a GTPase in the Ras family. Here, we show that treatment with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib reduced Rhes and decreased brain atrophy, tau inclusions, tau sumoylation, and tau ubiquitination in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. In addition, lonafarnib treatment attenuated behavioral abnormalities in rTg4510 mice and reduced microgliosis in mouse brain. Direct reduction of Rhes in the rTg4510 mouse by siRNA reproduced the results observed with lonafarnib treatment. The mechanism of lonafarnib action mediated by Rhes to reduce tau pathology was shown to operate through activation of lysosomes. We finally showed in mouse brain and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons a normal developmental increase in Rhes that was initially suppressed by tau mutations. The known safety of lonafarnib revealed in human clinical trials for cancer suggests that this drug could be repurposed for treating tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hernandez
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Surya A Reis
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chemical Neurobiology Lab, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michel Giroux
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Boctor
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Youssef E Sibih
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nadia J Storm
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander A Kang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Cassidy R Hinman
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Vesna Cerovac
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Honjun Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chemical Neurobiology Lab, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steven K Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ana M Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Overk C, Masliah E. Dale Schenk One Year Anniversary: Fighting to Preserve the Memories. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1-13. [PMID: 29439357 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been a year since we lost Dale Schenk on September 30, 2016. Dale's visionary work resulted in the remarkable discovery in 1999 that an experimental amyloid-β (Aβ) vaccine reduced the neurodegeneration in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Following Dale's seminal work, several active and passive immunotherapies have since been developed and tested in the clinic for AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here we provide a brief overview of the current state of development of immunotherapy for AD, PD, and other neurodegenerative disorders in the context of this anniversary. The next steps in the development of immunotherapies will require combinatorial approaches mixing antibodies against various targets (e.g., Aβ, α-syn, Tau, and TDP43) with small molecules that block toxicity, aggregation, inflammation, and promote cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Neurosciences and Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Almansoub HA, Tang H, Wu Y, Wang DQ, Mahaman YAR, Wei N, Almansob YAM, He W, Liu D. Tau Abnormalities and the Potential Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:13-33. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A.M.M. Almansoub
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science – Marib, Sana’a University, Marib, Yemen
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yusra A. M. Almansob
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedics’, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Slade N, Hof PR, Šimić G. The interactions of p53 with tau and Aß as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 168:104-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
38
|
Jiménez-González A, Quispe C, Bórquez J, Sepúlveda B, Riveros F, Areche C, Nagles E, García-Beltrán O, Simirgiotis MJ. UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS analysis of the native Mapuche medicinal plant palo negro (Leptocarpha rivularis DC. - Asteraceae) and evaluation of its antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:936-944. [PMID: 29734888 PMCID: PMC6009940 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1466880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UHPLC/ESI/MS identification of organic compounds is the first step in the majority of screening techniques for the characterization of biologically active metabolites in natural sources. This paper describes a method for the fast identification and characterisation of secondary metabolites in Leptocarpha rivularis DC. (Palo negro) extracts by HPLC/UV (DAD)–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS). The plant is used for the treatment of several diseases since pre-hispanic Mapuche times. Thirty-seven compounds were detected in the aqueous edible extract for the first time including 4 sesquiterpenes, 10 flavonoids, 9 oxylipins, 2 organic acids, and 11 phenolic acids. In addition, phenolic content antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities were measured for the first time using the edible infusion. The total polyphenol content of the infusion was 230.76 ± 2.5 mmol GAE/kg dry weight, while the antioxidant activity was 176.51 ± 28.84; 195.28 ± 4.83; and 223.92 ± 2.95 mmol TE/kg dry weight, for the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively. The cholinesterase inhibitory activity was 7.38 ± 0.03 and 5.74 ± 0.06 mmol GALAE/kg, for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase AChE and BChE, respectively, showing that this plant is a candidate for the isolation of compounds that can be useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this plant could serve also as a raw material for the production of dietary supplements, due to its content of polyphenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quispe
- b Instituto de Etnofarmacología , Universidad Arturo Prat, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Iquique , Chile
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- c Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta , Antofagasta , Chile
| | - Beatriz Sepúlveda
- d Departamento de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Andres Bello , Viña del Mar , Chile
| | - Felipe Riveros
- c Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta , Antofagasta , Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Edgar Nagles
- a Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas , Universidad de Ibagué , Iquique , Colombia
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- a Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas , Universidad de Ibagué , Iquique , Colombia
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- f Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile.,g Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System , Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ribarič S. Peptides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:E283. [PMID: 29385735 PMCID: PMC6017258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular synthesis, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins are controlled and integrated by proteostasis. The frequency of protein misfolding disorders in the human population, e.g., in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is increasing due to the aging population. AD treatment options are limited to symptomatic interventions that at best slow-down disease progression. The key biochemical change in AD is the excessive accumulation of per-se non-toxic and soluble amyloid peptides (Aβ(1-37/44), in the intracellular and extracellular space, that alters proteostasis and triggers Aβ modification (e.g., by reactive oxygen species (ROS)) into toxic intermediate, misfolded soluble Aβ peptides, Aβ dimers and Aβ oligomers. The toxic intermediate Aβ products aggregate into progressively less toxic and less soluble protofibrils, fibrils and senile plaques. This review focuses on peptides that inhibit toxic Aβ oligomerization, Aβ aggregation into fibrils, or stabilize Aβ peptides in non-toxic oligomers, and discusses their potential for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pir GJ, Choudhary B, Mandelkow E. Caenorhabditis elegans models of tauopathy. FASEB J 2017; 31:5137-5148. [PMID: 29191965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the tauopathies, which include the neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), is the abnormal accumulation of post-translationally modified, insoluble tau. The result is a loss of neurons, decreased mental function, and complete dependence of patients on others. Aggregation of tau, which under physiologic conditions is a highly soluble protein, is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Indeed one of the strongest lines of evidence is the MAPT gene polymorphisms that lead to the familial forms of tauopathy. Extensive research in animal models over the years has contributed some of the most important findings regarding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Despite this, the precise molecular mechanisms that lead to abnormal tau folding, accumulation, and spreading remain unknown. Owing to the fact that most of the biochemical pathways are conserved, Caenorhabditis elegans provides an alternative approach to identify cellular mechanisms and druggable genes that operate in such disorders. Many human genes implicated in neurodegenerative diseases have counterparts in C. elegans, making it an excellent model in which to study their pathogenesis. In this article, we review some of the important findings gained from C. elegans tauopathy models.-Pir, G. J., Choudhary, B., Mandelkow, E. Caenorhabditiselegans models of tauopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; .,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research-Cologne, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bikash Choudhary
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research-Cologne, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research-Cologne, Hamburg, Germany.,Caesar Research Center, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khosravi Z, Nasiri Khalili MA, Moradi S, Hassan Sajedi R, Zeinoddini M. The Molecular Chaperone Artemin Efficiently Blocks Fibrillization of TAU Protein In Vitro. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:569-577. [PMID: 29105391 PMCID: PMC5672095 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Aggregation of the TAU proteins in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain is a common risk
factor in tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several strategies have been implemented to target NFTs,
among which chaperones, which facilitate the proper folding of proteins, appear to hold great promise in effectively
inhibiting TAU polymerization. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the chaperone Artemin on TAU
aggregation in vitro.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, recombinant TAU- or Artemin proteins were expressed in E.coli
bacteria, and purified using ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly acrylamide gel
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to run the extracted proteins and check their purity. Heparin was used as an
aggregation inducer. The interaction kinetics of TAU aggregation and disassembly was performed using thioflavin T
(ThT) fluorescence analysis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.
Results Ion-exchange and affinity chromatography yielded highly pure TAU and Artemin proteins for subsequent
analyses. In addition, we found that heparin efficiently induced TAU fibrillization 48 hours post-incubation, as evidenced
by ThT assay. Importantly, Artemin was observed to effectively block the aggregation of both physiologic- and supra-
physiologic TAU concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, as judged by ThT and CD spectroscopy analyses.
Conclusion Our collective results show, for the first time, that the chaperone Artemin could significantly inhibit
aggregation of the TAU proteins in a dose-dependent manner, and support Artemin as a potential potent blocker of TAU
aggregation in people with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khosravi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hassan Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zeinoddini
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Saba K, Rajnala N, Veeraiah P, Tiwari V, Rana RK, Lakhotia SC, Patel AB. Energetics of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmission in Aluminum Chloride Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Reversal of Behavioral and Metabolic Deficits by Rasa Sindoor. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:323. [PMID: 29089867 PMCID: PMC5651029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive loss of cognitive functions and memory. Excessive intake of aluminum chloride in drinking water is associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which are the hallmark of AD. We have evaluated brain energy metabolism in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) mouse model of AD. In addition, effectiveness of Rasa Sindoor (RS), a formulation used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine, for alleviation of symptoms of AD was evaluated. Mice were administered AlCl3 (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once a day for 60 days. The memory of mice was measured using Morris Water Maze test. The 13C labeling of brain amino acids was measured ex vivo in tissue extracts using 1H-[13C]-NMR spectroscopy with timed infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose. The 13C turnover of brain amino acids was analyzed using a three-compartment metabolic model to derive the neurotransmitter cycling and TCA cycle rates associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. Exposure of AlCl3 led to reduction in memory of mice. The glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter cycling and glucose oxidation were found to be reduced in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum following chronic AlCl3 treatment. The perturbation in metabolic rates was highest in the cerebral cortex. However, reduction in metabolic fluxes was higher in hippocampus and striatum following one month post AlCl3 treatment. Most interestingly, oral administration of RS (2 g/kg) restored memory as well as the energetics of neurotransmission in mice exposed to AlCl3. These data suggest therapeutic potential of RS to manage cognitive functions and memory in preclinical AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Saba
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Niharika Rajnala
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Rohit K Rana
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, India
| | - Subhash C Lakhotia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Palmieri G, Cocca E, Gogliettino M, Valentino R, Ruvo M, Cristofano G, Angiolillo A, Balestrieri M, Rossi M, Di Costanzo A. Low Erythrocyte Levels of Proteasome and Acyl-Peptide Hydrolase (APEH) Activities in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Sign of Defective Proteostasis? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:1097-1106. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Ennio Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Valentino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), Napoli, Italy
| | - Gloria Cristofano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tau exacerbates excitotoxic brain damage in an animal model of stroke. Nat Commun 2017; 8:473. [PMID: 28883427 PMCID: PMC5589746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal excitotoxicity induced by aberrant excitation of glutamatergic receptors contributes to brain damage in stroke. Here we show that tau-deficient (tau−/−) mice are profoundly protected from excitotoxic brain damage and neurological deficits following experimental stroke, using a middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion model. Mechanistically, we show that this protection is due to site-specific inhibition of glutamate-induced and Ras/ERK-mediated toxicity by accumulation of Ras-inhibiting SynGAP1, which resides in a post-synaptic complex with tau. Accordingly, reducing SynGAP1 levels in tau−/− mice abolished the protection from pharmacologically induced excitotoxicity and middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain damage. Conversely, over-expression of SynGAP1 prevented excitotoxic ERK activation in wild-type neurons. Our findings suggest that tau mediates excitotoxic Ras/ERK signaling by controlling post-synaptic compartmentalization of SynGAP1. Excitotoxicity contributes to neuronal injury following stroke. Here the authors show that tau promotes excitotoxicity by a post-synaptic mechanism, involving site-specific control of ERK activation, in a mouse model of stroke.
Collapse
|
45
|
Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Seripa D, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Santamato A, Tortelli R, Galizia I, Prete C, Daniele A, Pilotto A, Greco A, Logroscino G. Tau-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: active and passive immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:1119-34. [PMID: 27485083 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological manipulation of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease included microtubule-stabilizing agents, tau protein kinase inhibitors, tau aggregation inhibitors, active and passive immunotherapies and, more recently, inhibitors of tau acetylation. Animal studies have shown that both active and passive approaches can remove tau pathology and, in some cases, improve cognitive function. Two active vaccines targeting either nonphosphorylated (AAD-vac1) and phosphorylated tau (ACI-35) have entered Phase I testing. Notwithstanding, the recent discontinuation of the monoclonal antibody RG7345 for Alzheimer's disease, two other antitau antibodies, BMS-986168 and C2N-8E12, are also currently in Phase I testing for progressive supranuclear palsy. After the recent impressive results in animal studies obtained by salsalate, the dimer of salicylic acid, inhibitors of tau acetylation are being actively pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 'Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico,' Tricase, Lecce, Italy.,Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,' San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit & Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,' San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Research & Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Santamato
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Section, 'OORR' Hospital, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 'Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico,' Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galizia
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Camilla Prete
- Department of OrthoGeriatrics, Rehabilitation & Stabilization, Frailty Area, E.O. Galliera NR-HS Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Department of OrthoGeriatrics, Rehabilitation & Stabilization, Frailty Area, E.O. Galliera NR-HS Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,' San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, & Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 'Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico,' Tricase, Lecce, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo T, Noble W, Hanger DP. Roles of tau protein in health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:665-704. [PMID: 28386764 PMCID: PMC5390006 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tau is well established as a microtubule-associated protein in neurons. However, under pathological conditions, aberrant assembly of tau into insoluble aggregates is accompanied by synaptic dysfunction and neural cell death in a range of neurodegenerative disorders, collectively referred to as tauopathies. Recent advances in our understanding of the multiple functions and different locations of tau inside and outside neurons have revealed novel insights into its importance in a diverse range of molecular pathways including cell signalling, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of genomic stability. The present review describes the physiological and pathophysiological properties of tau and how these relate to its distribution and functions in neurons. We highlight the post-translational modifications of tau, which are pivotal in defining and modulating tau localisation and its roles in health and disease. We include discussion of other pathologically relevant changes in tau, including mutation and aggregation, and how these aspects impinge on the propensity of tau to propagate, and potentially drive neuronal loss, in diseased brain. Finally, we describe the cascade of pathological events that may be driven by tau dysfunction, including impaired axonal transport, alterations in synapse and mitochondrial function, activation of the unfolded protein response and defective protein degradation. It is important to fully understand the range of neuronal functions attributed to tau, since this will provide vital information on its involvement in the development and pathogenesis of disease. Such knowledge will enable determination of which critical molecular pathways should be targeted by potential therapeutic agents developed for the treatment of tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Diane P Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chua SW, Cornejo A, van Eersel J, Stevens CH, Vaca I, Cueto M, Kassiou M, Gladbach A, Macmillan A, Lewis L, Whan R, Ittner LM. The Polyphenol Altenusin Inhibits in Vitro Fibrillization of Tau and Reduces Induced Tau Pathology in Primary Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:743-751. [PMID: 28067492 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule-associated protein tau forms intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). A critical step in the formation of NFTs is the conversion of soluble tau into insoluble filaments. Accordingly, a current therapeutic strategy in clinical trials is aimed at preventing tau aggregation. Here, we assessed altenusin, a bioactive polyphenolic compound, for its potential to inhibit tau aggregation. Altenusin inhibits aggregation of tau protein into paired helical filaments in vitro. This was associated with stabilization of tau dimers and other oligomers into globular structures as revealed by atomic force microscopy. Moreover, altenusin reduced tau phosphorylation in cells expressing pathogenic tau, and prevented neuritic tau pathology induced by incubation of primary neurons with tau fibrils. However, treatment of tau transgenic mice did not improve neuropathology and functional deficits. Taken together, altenusin prevents tau fibrillization in vitro and induced tau pathology in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wern Chua
- Dementia
Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Dementia
Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Medical Technology School, University Andrés Bello, Sazié 2315, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janet van Eersel
- Dementia
Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claire H. Stevens
- Dementia
Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Cueto
- Institute for Natural Products and Agrobiology CSIC, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School
of Chemistry and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amadeus Gladbach
- Dementia
Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alex Macmillan
- Biomedical
Imaging Facility, Mark Wainright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lev Lewis
- Biomedical
Imaging Facility, Mark Wainright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Biomedical
Imaging Facility, Mark Wainright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Dementia
Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yamada H, Matsumura C, Yamada K, Teshima K, Hiroshima T, Kinoshita M, Suzuki S, Kakehi K. Combination of SDS-PAGE and intact mass analysis for rapid determination of heterogeneities in monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1344-1352. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamada
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited; Yodogawa-ku Osaka Japan
| | - Chiemi Matsumura
- School of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Higashi-Osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Keita Yamada
- School of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Higashi-Osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Koichiro Teshima
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited; Yodogawa-ku Osaka Japan
| | - Takashi Hiroshima
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited; Yodogawa-ku Osaka Japan
| | | | - Shigeo Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Higashi-Osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kakehi
- School of Pharmacy; Kindai University; Higashi-Osaka Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kocahan S, Doğan Z. Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis and Prevention: The Brain, Neural Pathology, N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors, Tau Protein and Other Risk Factors. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:1-8. [PMID: 28138104 PMCID: PMC5290713 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the appearance of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the intracellular environment, neuronal death and the loss of synapses, all of which contribute to cognitive decline in a progressive manner. A number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain AD. Abnormal tau phosphorylation may contribute to the formation of abnormal neurofibrillary structures. Many different structures are susceptible to AD, including the reticular formation, the nuclei in the brain stem (e.g., raphe nucleus), thalamus, hypothalamus, locus ceruleus, amygdala, substantia nigra, striatum, and claustrum. Excitotoxicity results from continuous, low-level activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Premature synaptotoxicity, changes in neurotransmitter expression, neurophils loss, accumulation of amyloid β-protein deposits (amyloid/senile plaques), and neuronal loss and brain atrophy are all associated with stages of AD progression. Several recent studies have examined the relationship between Aβ and NMDA receptors. Aβ-induced spine loss is associated with a decrease in glutamate receptors and is dependent upon the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which has also been linked to long-term depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.,International Scientific Center, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Zumrut Doğan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Goyal D, Shuaib S, Mann S, Goyal B. Rationally Designed Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Amyloid-β (Aβ) Aggregation: Potential Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:55-80. [PMID: 28045249 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no clinically accepted treatment to cure or halt its progression. The worldwide effort to develop peptide-based inhibitors of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation can be considered an unplanned combinatorial experiment. An understanding of what has been done and achieved may advance our understanding of AD pathology and the discovery of effective therapeutic agents. We review here the history of such peptide-based inhibitors, including those based on the Aβ sequence and those not derived from that sequence, containing both natural and unnatural amino acid building blocks. Peptide-based aggregation inhibitors hold significant promise for future AD therapy owing to their high selectivity, effectiveness, low toxicity, good tolerance, low accumulation in tissues, high chemical and biological diversity, possibility of rational design, and highly developed methods for analyzing their mode of action, proteolytic stability (modified peptides), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Suniba Shuaib
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmani Mann
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|