1
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Rida R, Kreydiyyeh S. Effect of FTY720P on lipid accumulation in HEPG2 cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19716. [PMID: 37953311 PMCID: PMC10641067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic lipid accumulation due to impaired lipid metabolism. Although a correlation was found between NAFLD and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the role of the sphingolipid remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any involvement of S1P in steatosis using its analog FTY720P and HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation was induced by incubating the cells in a mixture of oleic and palmitic acid, and was quantified using Oil Red O. The involvement of signaling mediators was studied using pharmacological inhibitors and western blot analysis. FTY720P increased lipid accumulation, but this increase wasn't maintained in the presence of inhibitors of S1PR3, Gq, SREBP, mTOR, PI3K, and PPARγ indicating their involvement in the process. The results revealed that FTY720P binds to S1PR3 which activates sequentially Gq, PI3K, and mTOR leading to an increase in SREBP expression and PPARγ activation. It was concluded that in presence of a high level of fatty acids, lipid accumulation is increased in hepatocytes by the exogenously added FTY720P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Rida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan Kreydiyyeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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2
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Glueck M, Koch A, Brunkhorst R, Ferreiros Bouzas N, Trautmann S, Schaefer L, Pfeilschifter W, Pfeilschifter J, Vutukuri R. The atypical sphingosine 1-phosphate variant, d16:1 S1P, mediates CTGF induction via S1P2 activation in renal cell carcinoma. FEBS J 2022; 289:5670-5681. [PMID: 35320610 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator with numerous biological functions. The term 'S1P' mainly refers to the sphingolipid molecule with a long-chain sphingoid base of 18 carbon atoms, d18:1 S1P. The enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase catalyses the first step of the sphingolipid de novo synthesis using palmitoyl-CoA as the main substrate. After further reaction steps, d18:1 S1P is generated. However, also stearyl-CoA or myristoyl-CoA can be utilised by the serine palmitoyltransferase, which at the end of the S1P synthesis pathway, results in the production of d20:1 S1P and d16:1 S1P respectively. We measured these S1P homologues in mice and renal tissue of patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our experiments highlight the relevance of d16:1 S1P for the induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the human renal clear cell carcinoma cell line A498 and human RCC tissue. We show that d16:1 S1P versus d18:1 and d20:1 S1P leads to the highest CTGF induction in A498 cells via S1P2 signalling and that both d16:1 S1P and CTGF levels are elevated in RCC compared to adjacent healthy tissue. Our data indicate that d16:1 S1P modulates conventional S1P signalling by acting as a more potent agonist at the S1P2 receptor than d18:1 S1P. We suggest that elevated plasma levels of d16:1 S1P might play a pro-carcinogenic role in the development of RCC via CTGF induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Glueck
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Nerea Ferreiros Bouzas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Vutukuri
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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Zhang Y, Mou Y, Zhang J, Suo C, Zhou H, Gu M, Wang Z, Tan R. Therapeutic Implications of Ferroptosis in Renal Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:890766. [PMID: 35655759 PMCID: PMC9152458 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.890766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and can lead to the destruction of normal renal structure and loss of kidney function. Little progress has been made in reversing fibrosis in recent years. Ferroptosis is more immunogenic than apoptosis due to the release and activation of damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals. In this paper, the relationship between renal fibrosis and ferroptosis was reviewed from the perspective of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and some pharmaceuticals or chemicals associated with both ferroptosis and renal fibrosis were summarized. Other programmed cell death and ferroptosis in renal fibrosis were also firstly reviewed for comparison and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjian Suo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoyun Tan,
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Gong W, Li J, Chen W, Feng F, Deng Y. Resveratrol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Extracellular Matrix Accumulation and Inflammation in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells by SphK1/S1P2/NF-κB Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4495-4505. [PMID: 33262625 PMCID: PMC7686914 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s278267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has been proven to have renoprotective effects. In this study, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat glomerular mesangial cells (RMCs) model, to elucidate the renoprotective effect of RSV on sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2)/NF-κB activation and the expression of downstream inflammatory mediators, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and fibronectin (FN) protein expression in RMCs. METHODS Cell proliferation was tested by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The protein levels of FN, ICAM-1, iNOS, SphK1, S1P2 and NF-κB p65 in RMCs were detected by Western blot. The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). SphK1 activity and S1P content were measured by using sphingosine kinase activity assay kit and ELISA assay, respectively. RESULTS We first found that LPS could stimulate SphK1/S1P axis activation, whereas this occurrence was significantly blocked by RSV pretreatment. RSV obviously repressed LPS-induced upregulated expression of fibronectin (FN), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RMCs. Moreover, RSV markedly reduced SphK1 activity and its protein expression, and attenuated S1P content in LPS-induced RMCs. Furthermore, RSV could block LPS-induced upregulation of NF-κB p65 and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. And this phenomenon was notably attenuated by SphK1 inhibitor and S1P2 inhibitor. CONCLUSION RSV inhibited LPS-induced RMCs' proliferation and inflammation and FN expression by SphK1/S1P2/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that RSV may be independent of its hypoglycemic effect on preventing or delaying the development of mesangial cell fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou510317, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanhui DengDepartment of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 62784810 Email
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Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
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6
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Deng Y, Gong W, Li Q, Wu X, Wu L, Zheng X, Chen W, Huang H. Resveratrol inhibits high glucose-induced activation of AP-1 and NF-κB via SphK1/S1P2 pathway to attenuate mesangial cells proliferation and inflammation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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7
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Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Aubert JD, Mikulic J, Golshayan D. Fibrogenic Disorders in Human Diseases: From Inflammation to Organ Dysfunction. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9811-9840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John-David Aubert
- Pneumology Division and Transplantation Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josip Mikulic
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Regulation of the metabolism of apolipoprotein M and sphingosine 1-phosphate by hepatic PPARγ activity. Biochem J 2018; 475:2009-2024. [PMID: 29712716 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a carrier and a modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), an important multifunctional bioactive lipid. Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is reportedly associated with the function and metabolism of S1P, we investigated the modulation of apoM/S1P homeostasis by PPARγ. First, we investigated the modulation of apoM and S1P homeostasis by the overexpression or knockdown of PPARγ in HepG2 cells and found that both the overexpression and the knockdown of PPARγ decreased apoM expression and S1P synthesis. When we activated or suppressed the PPARγ more mildly with pioglitazone or GW9662, we found that pioglitazone suppressed apoM expression and S1P synthesis, while GW9662 increased them. Next, we overexpressed PPARγ in mouse liver through adenoviral gene transfer and observed that both the plasma and hepatic apoM levels and the plasma S1P levels decreased, while the hepatic S1P levels increased, in the presence of enhanced sphingosine kinase activity. Treatment with pioglitazone decreased both the plasma and hepatic apoM and S1P levels only in diet-induced obese mice. Moreover, the overexpression of apoM increased, while the knockdown of apoM suppressed PPARγ activities in HepG2 cells. These results suggested that PPARγ regulates the S1P levels by modulating apoM in a bell-shaped manner, with the greatest levels of apoM/S1P observed when PPARγ was mildly expressed and that hepatic apoM/PPARγ axis might maintain the homeostasis of S1P metabolism.
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Soo JY, Orgeig S, McGillick EV, Zhang S, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. Normalisation of surfactant protein -A and -B expression in the lungs of low birth weight lambs by 21 days old. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181185. [PMID: 28949968 PMCID: PMC5614422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by placental restriction (PR) in the sheep negatively impacts lung and pulmonary surfactant development during fetal life. Using a sheep model of low birth weight (LBW), we found that there was an increase in mRNA expression of surfactant protein (SP)-A, -B and -C in the lung of LBW lambs but no difference in the protein expression of SP-A or -B. LBW also resulted in increased lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP)-3 mRNA expression, which may indicate an increase in either the density of type II Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) or maturity of type II AECs. Although there was an increase in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD)-1 mRNA expression in the lung of LBW lambs, we found no change in the protein expression of these factors, suggesting that the increase in SP mRNA expression is not mediated by increased GC signalling in the lung. The increase in SP mRNA expression may, in part, be mediated by persistent alterations in hypoxia signalling as there was an increase in lung HIF-2α mRNA expression in the LBW lamb. The changes in the hypoxia signalling pathway that persist within the lung after birth may be involved in maintaining SP production in the LBW lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Molecular & Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Erin Victoria McGillick
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Molecular & Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Song Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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10
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Sphingosine kinase 1 protects renal tubular epithelial cells from renal fibrosis via induction of autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 90:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bajwa A, Huang L, Kurmaeva E, Ye H, Dondeti KR, Chroscicki P, Foley LS, Balogun ZA, Alexander KJ, Park H, Lynch KR, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Deficiency Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via IFN- γ. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1145-1161. [PMID: 27799486 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive repair after AKI may lead to progressive fibrosis and decline in kidney function. Sphingosine 1-phosphate has an important role in kidney injury and pleiotropic effects in fibrosis. We investigated the involvement of sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SphK1 and SphK2), which phosphorylate sphingosine to produce sphingosine 1-phosphate, in kidney fibrosis induced by folic acid (FA) or unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analysis of Masson trichrome staining and fibrotic marker protein and mRNA expression 14 days after AKI revealed that wild-type (WT) and Sphk1-/- mice exhibited more kidney fibrosis than Sphk2-/- mice. Furthermore, kidneys of FA-treated WT and Sphk1-/- mice had greater immune cell infiltration and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory markers than kidneys of FA-treated Sphk2-/- mice. In contrast, kidneys of Sphk2-/- mice exhibited greater expression of Ifng and IFN-γ-responsive genes (Cxcl9 and Cxcl10) than kidneys of WT or Sphk1-/- mice did at this time point. Splenic T cells from untreated Sphk2-/- mice were hyperproliferative and produced more IFN-γ than did those of WT or Sphk1-/- mice. IFN-γ blocking antibody administered to Sphk2-/- mice or deletion of Ifng (Sphk2-/-Ifng-/- mice) blocked the protective effect of SphK2 deficiency in fibrosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Sphk2-/- (but not Sphk2-/-Ifng-/- ) CD4 T cells into WT mice blocked FA-induced fibrosis. Finally, a selective SphK2 inhibitor blocked FA-induced kidney fibrosis in WT mice. These studies demonstrate that SphK2 inhibition may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for attenuating kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology, .,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elvira Kurmaeva
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hong Ye
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Krishna R Dondeti
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Leah S Foley
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Z Ayoade Balogun
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kyle J Alexander
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hojung Park
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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12
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Goltsman I, Khoury EE, Winaver J, Abassi Z. Does Thiazolidinedione therapy exacerbate fluid retention in congestive heart failure? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:75-97. [PMID: 27598860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing global burden of congestive heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as their co-existence necessitate that anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy will modulate the cardiovascular risk inherent to T2DM while complying with the accompanying restrictions imposed by CHF. The thiazolidinedione (TZD) family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists initially provided a promising therapeutic option in T2DM owing to anti-diabetic efficacy combined with pleiotropic beneficial cardiovascular effects. However, the utility of TZDs in T2DM has declined in the past decade, largely due to concomitant adverse effects of fluid retention and edema formation attributed to salt-retaining effects of PPARγ activation on the nephron. Presumably, the latter effects are potentially deleterious in the context of pre-existing fluid retention in CHF. However, despite a considerable body of evidence on mechanisms responsible for TZD-induced fluid retention suggesting that this class of drugs is rightfully prohibited from use in CHF patients, there is a paucity of experimental and clinical studies that investigate the effects of TZDs on salt and water homeostasis in the CHF setting. In an attempt to elucidate whether TZDs actually exacerbate the pre-existing fluid retention in CHF, our review summarizes the pathophysiology of fluid retention in CHF. Moreover, we thoroughly review the available data on TZD-induced fluid retention and proposed mechanisms in animals and patients. Finally, we will present recent studies challenging the common notion that TZDs worsen renal salt and water retention in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Goltsman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emad E Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joseph Winaver
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Human Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Quantitative PPARγ expression affects the balance between tolerance and immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26646. [PMID: 27221351 PMCID: PMC4879582 DOI: 10.1038/srep26646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ modulates energy metabolism and inflammation. However, its specific functions in the balance of immunity in vivo have been explored incompletely. In this study, by the age of 14 mo, PpargC/− mice with PPARγ expression at 25% of the normal level exhibited high autoantibody levels and developed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, which resembled systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like autoimmune disease. These symptoms were preceded by splenomegaly at an early age, which was associated with increases in splenocyte accumulation and B-cell activation but not with relocation of hematopoiesis to the spleen. The mechanism of splenic lymphocyte accumulation involved reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) expression and diminished migration toward S1P in the PpargC/− splenocytes, which impeded lymphocyte egression. Mechanistically, increased Th17 polarization and IL-17 signaling in the PpargC/− CD4+ T cells contributed to B-cell hyperactivation in the spleen. Finally, the activation of the remaining PPARγ in PpargC/− mice by pioglitazone increased S1P1 levels, reduced the Th17 population in the spleen, and ameliorated splenomegaly. Taken together, our data demonstrated that reduction of Pparg expression in T-helper cells is critical for spontaneous SLE-like autoimmune disease development; we also revealed a novel function of PPARγ in lymphocyte trafficking and cross talk between Th17 and B cells.
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14
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Parham KA, Zebol JR, Tooley KL, Sun WY, Moldenhauer LM, Cockshell MP, Gliddon BL, Moretti PA, Tigyi G, Pitson SM, Bonder CS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ that regulates neoangiogenesis. FASEB J 2015; 29:3638-53. [PMID: 25985799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that can function both extracellularly and intracellularly to mediate a variety of cellular processes. Using lipid affinity matrices and a radiolabeled lipid binding assay, we reveal that S1P directly interacts with the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Herein, we show that S1P treatment of human endothelial cells (ECs) activated a luciferase-tagged PPARγ-specific gene reporter by ∼12-fold, independent of the S1P receptors. More specifically, in silico docking, gene reporter, and binding assays revealed that His323 of the PPARγ ligand binding domain is important for binding to S1P. PPARγ functions when associated with coregulatory proteins, and herein we identify that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1 (PGC1)β binds to PPARγ in ECs and their progenitors (nonadherent endothelial forming cells) and that the formation of this PPARγ:PGC1β complex is increased in response to S1P. ECs treated with S1P selectively regulated known PPARγ target genes with PGC1β and plasminogen-activated inhibitor-1 being increased, no change to adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 and suppression of CD36. S1P-induced in vitro tube formation was significantly attenuated in the presence of the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, and in vivo application of GW9662 also reduced vascular development in Matrigel plugs. Interestingly, activation of PPARγ by the synthetic ligand troglitazone also reduced tube formation in vitro and in vivo. To support this, Sphk1(-/-)Sphk2(+/-) mice, with low circulating S1P levels, demonstrated a similar reduction in vascular development. Taken together, our data reveal that the transcription factor, PPARγ, is a bona fide intracellular target for S1P and thus suggest that the S1P:PPARγ:PGC1β complex may be a useful target to manipulate neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Parham
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia R Zebol
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katie L Tooley
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wai Y Sun
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michaelia P Cockshell
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Briony L Gliddon
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul A Moretti
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- *Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-operative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Wünsche C, Koch A, Goldschmeding R, Schwalm S, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2)-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression requires sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) in human mesangial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:519-26. [PMID: 25601519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) is well known to stimulate the expression of pro-fibrotic connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in several cell types including human mesangial cells. The present study demonstrates that TGF-β2 enhances sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) mRNA and protein expression in a time and concentration dependent manner. Pharmacological and siRNA approaches reveal that this upregulation is mediated via activation of classical TGF-β downstream effectors, Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Most notably, inhibition of Gi with pertussis toxin and downregulation of S1P5 by siRNA block TGF-β2-stimulated upregulation of CTGF, demonstrating that Gi coupled S1P5 is necessary for TGF-β2-triggered expression of CTGF in human mesangial cells. Overall, these findings indicate that TGF-β2 dependent upregulation of S1P5 is required for the induction of pro-fibrotic CTGF by TGF-β. Targeting S1P5 might be an attractive novel approach to treat renal fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Wünsche
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 49, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Speeckaert MM, Vanfraechem C, Speeckaert R, Delanghe JR. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists in a battle against the aging kidney. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 14:1-18. [PMID: 24503003 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by intraindividual and interindividual diversities in the maintenance of the homeostatic condition of cells and tissues, changes in renal function are not uniform and depend on associated diseases and environmental factors. Multiple studies have investigated the possible underlying mechanisms of age-related decline in kidney function. Evolutionary, molecular, cellular and systemic theories have been postulated to explain the primary disease independent age-related changes and adaptive responses. As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in a broad spectrum of biological processes, PPAR activation might have an effect on the prevention of cell senescence. In this review, we will focus on the experimental and clinical evidence of PPAR agonists in a battle against the aging kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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17
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Völzke A, Koch A, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induces COX-2 expression and PGE2 formation via S1P receptor 2 in renal mesangial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:11-21. [PMID: 24064301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation in renal mesangial cells may provide potential therapeutic targets to treat inflammatory glomerular diseases. Thus, we evaluated the S1P-dependent signaling mechanisms which are responsible for enhanced COX-2 expression and PGE2 formation in rat mesangial cells under basal conditions. Furthermore, we investigated whether these mechanisms are operative in the presence of angiotensin II (Ang II) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Treatment of rat and human mesangial cells with S1P led to concentration-dependent enhanced expression of COX-2. Pharmacological and molecular biology approaches revealed that the S1P-dependent increase of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression was mediated via activation of S1P receptor 2 (S1P2). Further, inhibition of Gi and p42/p44 MAPK signaling, both downstream of S1P2, abolished the S1P-induced COX-2 expression. In addition, S1P/S1P2-dependent upregulation of COX-2 led to significantly elevated PGE2 levels, which were further potentiated in the presence of Ang II and IL-1β. A functional consequence downstream of S1P/S1P2 signaling is mesangial cell migration that is stimulated by S1P. Interestingly, inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib and SC-236 completely abolished the migratory response. Overall, our results demonstrate that extracellular S1P induces COX-2 expression via activation of S1P2 and subsequent Gi and p42/p44 MAPK-dependent signaling in renal mesangial cells leading to enhanced PGE2 formation and cell migration that essentially requires COX-2. Thus, targeting S1P/S1P2 signaling pathways might be a novel strategy to treat renal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Völzke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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18
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Koch A, Völzke A, Puff B, Blankenbach K, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. PPARγ agonists upregulate sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 expression, which in turn reduces S1P-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases in renal mesangial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1634-43. [PMID: 23906789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists (thiazolidinediones, TZDs) as modulators of the sphingolipid metabolism in renal mesangial cells. TZDs upregulated sphingosine kinase 1 (SK-1) and increased the formation of intracellular sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which in turn reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic connective tissue growth factor. Since S1P also acts as extracellular ligand at specific S1P receptors (S1PR, S1P1-5), we investigated here the effect of TZDs on S1PR expression in mesangial cells and evaluated the functional consequences by measuring S1P-induced increases in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Treatment with two different TZDs, troglitazone and rosiglitazone, enhanced S1P1 mRNA and protein expression in rat mesangial cells, whereas S1P2-5 expression levels were not altered. Upregulation of S1P1 mRNA upon TZD treatment was also detected in human mesangial cells and mouse glomeruli. PPARγ antagonism and promoter studies revealed that the TZD-dependent S1P1 mRNA induction involved a functional PPAR response element in the S1P1 promoter. Pharmacological approaches disclosed that S1P-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases in rat mesangial cells were predominantly mediated by S1P2 and S1P3. Interestingly, the transcriptional upregulation of S1P1 by TZDs resulted in a reduction of S1P-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases, which was reversed by the S1P1/3 antagonist VPC-23019, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor PKC-412, and by S1P1 siRNA. These data suggest that PPARγ-dependent upregulation of S1P1 leads to an inhibition of S1P-induced Ca(2+) signaling in a PKC-dependent manner. Overall, these results reveal that TZDs not only modulate intracellular S1P levels but also regulate S1PR signaling by increasing S1P1 expression in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anja Völzke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Bianca Puff
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Kira Blankenbach
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 49, CH-3011 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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19
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Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Huwiler A. Targeting the sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate pathway to treat chronic inflammatory kidney diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:44-9. [PMID: 23789924 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases including glomerulonephritis are often accompanied by acute or chronic inflammation that leads to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) production and subsequent glomerulosclerosis. Glomerulonephritis is one of the leading causes for end-stage renal failure with high morbidity and mortality, and there are still only a limited number of drugs for treatment available. In this MiniReview, we discuss the possibility of targeting sphingolipids, specifically the sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway, as new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glomerulonephritis, as this pathway was demonstrated to be dysregulated under disease conditions. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a multifunctional signalling molecule, which was shown to influence several hallmarks of glomerulonephritis including mesangial cell proliferation, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Most importantly, the site of action of S1P determines the final effect on disease progression. Concerning renal fibrosis, extracellular S1P acts pro-fibrotic via activation of cell surface S1P receptors, whereas intracellular S1P was shown to attenuate the fibrotic response. Interference with S1P signalling by treatment with FTY720, an S1P receptor modulator, resulted in beneficial effects in various animal models of chronic kidney diseases. Also, sonepcizumab, a monoclonal anti-S1P antibody that neutralizes extracellular S1P, and a S1P-degrading recombinant S1P lyase are promising new strategies for the treatment of glomerulonephritis. In summary, especially due to the bifunctionality of S1P, the SphK1/S1P pathway provides multiple target sites for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Huwiler A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate: a Janus-faced mediator of fibrotic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:239-50. [PMID: 22889995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that acts either on G protein-coupled S1P receptors on the cell surface or via intracellular target sites. In addition to the well established effects of S1P in angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and immunity, evidence is now continuously accumulating which demonstrates that S1P is an important regulator of fibrosis. The contribution of S1P to fibrosis is of a Janus-faced nature as S1P exhibits both pro- and anti-fibrotic effects depending on its site of action. Extracellular S1P promotes fibrotic processes in a S1P receptor-dependent manner, whereas intracellular S1P has an opposite effect and dampens a fibrotic reaction by yet unidentified mechanisms. Fibrosis is a result of chronic irritation by various factors and is defined by an excess production of extracellular matrix leading to tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the general effects of extracellular and intracellular S1P on the multistep cascade of pathological fibrogenesis including tissue injury, inflammation and the action of pro-fibrotic cytokines that stimulate ECM production and deposition. In a second part we summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of S1P signaling in the development of organ fibrosis of the lung, kidney, liver, heart and skin. Altogether, it is becoming clear that targeting the sphingosine kinase-1/S1P signaling pathway offers therapeutic potential in the treatment of various fibrotic processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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