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Kumar A, Pecquenard F, Baydoun M, Quilbé A, Moralès O, Leroux B, Aoudjehane L, Conti F, Boleslawski E, Delhem N. An Efficient 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Treatment for Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10426. [PMID: 37445603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment relying on cytotoxicity induced by photoexcitation of a nontoxic dye, called photosensitizer (PS). Using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the pro-drug of PS protoporphyrin IX, we investigated the impact of PDT on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Optimal 5-ALA PDT dose was determined on three HCC cell lines by analyzing cell death after treatment with varying doses. HCC-patient-derived tumor hepatocytes and healthy donor liver myofibroblasts were treated with optimal 5-ALA PDT doses. The proliferation of cancer cells and healthy donor immune cells cultured with 5-ALA-PDT-treated conditioned media was analyzed. Finally, therapy efficacy on humanized SCID mice model of HCC was investigated. 5-ALA PDT induced a dose-dependent decrease in viability, with an up-to-four-fold reduction in viability of patient tumor hepatocytes. The 5-ALA PDT treated conditioned media induced immune cell clonal expansion. 5-ALA PDT has no impact on myofibroblasts in terms of viability, while their activation decreased cancer cell proliferation and reduced the tumor growth rate of the in vivo model. For the first time, 5-ALA PDT has been validated on primary patient tumor hepatocytes and donor healthy liver myofibroblasts. 5-ALA PDT may be an effective anti-HCC therapy, which might induce an anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florian Pecquenard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantations, Université de Lille, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - Martha Baydoun
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Quilbé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Moralès
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lynda Aoudjehane
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Liver Transplantation, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Boleslawski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantations, Université de Lille, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - Nadira Delhem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
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Chilakamarthi U, Mahadik NS, Koteshwar D, Krishna NV, Giribabu L, Banerjee R. Potentiation of novel porphyrin based photodynamic therapy against colon cancer with low dose doxorubicin and elucidating the molecular signalling pathways responsible for relapse. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112625. [PMID: 36529058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive treatment modality for cancer and can be potentiated by combination with chemotherapy. Here, we combined PDT of novel porphyrin-based photosensitizers with low dose doxorubicin (Dox) to get maximum outcome. Dox potentiated and showed synergism with PDT under in vitro conditions on CT26.WT cells. The current colon cancer treatment strategies assure partial or even complete tumour regression but loco-regional relapse or distant metastasis is the major cause of death despite combination therapy. The spared cells after the treatment contribute to relapse and it is important to study their behaviour in host environment. Hence, we developed relapse models for PDT, Dox and combination treatments by transplanting respectively treated equal number of live cells to mice (n = 5) for tumour formation. Most of the treated cells lost tumour forming ability, but some treatment resistant cells developed tumours in few mice. These tumours served as relapse models and Western blot analysis of tumour samples provided clinically relevant information to delineate resistance strategies of individual as well as combination therapies at molecular level. Our results showed that low dose Dox helped in increasing the tumour inhibiting effect of PDT in combination therapy, but still there are indeed possibilities of relapse at later stages due to chemoresistance and immune suppression that may occur post-treatment. We observed that the combination therapy may also lead to the development of multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype during relapse. Thus, this study provided clinically relevant information to further strengthen and improve PDT-drug combination therapy in order to avoid relapse and to treat cancer more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasri Chilakamarthi
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Namita S Mahadik
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Devulapally Koteshwar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Narra Vamsi Krishna
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Dick M, Jamal H, Liu YR, Celli JP, Lilge L. On the need for standardized reporting of photophysical parameters of in vitro photodynamic therapy studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103263. [PMID: 36587862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro dose escalation experiments are one of the first gatekeepers in therapeutic evaluation and development. This also holds for evaluating novel photosensitizers (PS) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) co-therapies as needed to provide dose response guidelines before engaging in further pre-clinical studies. The dose needed to achieve 50% cell kill (LD50) is a standard metric to report the potency of a therapeutic agents that is widely accepted for single-drug therapies. In reporting results of PDT experiments, which involve delivery of both drug and light, it is inherently more complicated to identify such a convenient dose response metric that actually captures the larger space of treatment parameters. In addition to ubiquitous sources of biological variability that apply broadly in biomedical research, PDT treatment efficacy is determined by multiple key parameters that may or may not have been documented, including PS concentration and light fluence, where the latter is itself a function of the spectral properties of the light source used (often not described), not to mention dose rate, fractionation and other parameters that potentially vary between individual studies. It is impossible to compare results between two study when, for example one reports LD50 PS concentration without providing essential light dosimetry details. Motivated by this challenge in comparing outcomes and establishing reproducibility of in vitro PDT studies, we endeavored to perform a meta-analysis of the reporting of PDT results by converting, where possible, the disparately reported experimental details into a consistent metric that could be used to compare across studies. In this context we adopt here the number of photons absorbed by photosensitizers per unit volume to affect a 50% decline in cell survival as a standardized metric. By choosing this metric one can acknowledge the quantum-based generation of cytotoxins. While this metric does not cover every possible source of variability between any two studies, for a PS with known optical properties, this does encapsulate PS concentration as well as irradiance and spectral properties of light delivered. For the sake of focus we adopt this approach for study of reported results with two photosensitizers, Protoporphyrin IX, either synthesized in the cells by aminolevulinic acid or administered exogenously, and Chlorin e6. A literature search was performed to identify in vitro studies with these two photosensitizers and collect necessary information to calculate the absorbed photon LD50 threshold for each study. Only approximately 1/10 of the manuscripts reporting on in vitro studies provide the minimum required information to calculate the threshold values. While the majority of the determined threshold values are within a factor of 10, the range of threshold values spanned close to 7 orders of magnitude for both photosensitizers. To contrast with single-agent therapies, a similar exercise was performed for chemotherapeutic drugs targeting cellular mitosis or tyrosine kinase inhibitors resulted in an LD50 or IC50 range of 1-2 orders of magnitude, with LD50 or IC50 values for a single cell line being within a factor of 5. This review underscores challenges in the reporting of in vitro PDT efficacy. In many cases it takes considerable effort to extract the necessary methodology information to make meaningful comparison between PDT studies. Only when results between studies can be compared is it possible to begin to assess reproducibility which, as shown here, can be a major issue. Hence, guidelines need to be developed and enforced through the peer review process for meaningful reporting of preclinical PDT results in order for the most promising sensitizers and co-therapies to be identified and translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hunain Jamal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Ran Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan P Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Recent Advances in Photodynamic Imaging and Therapy in Hepatobiliary Malignancies: Clinical and Experimental Aspects. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4067-4079. [PMID: 34677263 PMCID: PMC8534451 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic and diagnostic modalities of light are well known, and derivative photodynamic reactions with photosensitizers (PSs), specific wavelengths of light exposure and the existence of tissue oxygen have been developed since the 20th century. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective local treatment for cancer-specific laser ablation in malignancies of some organs, including the bile duct. Although curability for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is expected with surgery alone, patients with unresectable or remnant biliary cancer need other effective palliative therapies, including PDT. The effectiveness of PDT for cholangiocarcinoma has been reported experimentally or clinically, but it is not the standard option now due to problems with accompanied photosensitivity, limited access routes of irradiation, tumor hypoxia, etc. Novel derivative treatments such as photoimmunotherapy have not been applied in the field hepatobiliary system. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has been more widely applied in the clinical diagnoses of liver malignancies or liver vascularization. At present, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and indocyanine green (ICG) dyes are mainly used as PSs in PDD, and ICG has been applied for detecting liver malignancies or vascularization. However, no ideal tools for combining both PDD and PDT for solid tumors, including hepatobiliary malignancies, have been clinically developed. To proceed with experimental and clinical trials, it is necessary to clarify the effective photosensitive drugs that are feasible for photochemical diagnosis and local treatment.
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A Warp-Knitted Light-Emitting Fabric-Based Device for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy: Description, Characterization, and Application on Human Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164109. [PMID: 34439263 PMCID: PMC8394325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While photodynamic therapy appears to be a promising approach to treating cancers, the complexity of its parameters prevents wide acceptance. Accurate light dose measurement is one of the keys to photodynamic effect assessment, but it remains challenging when comparing different technologies. This work provides a complete demonstration of the technical performance of a homemade optical device, based on knitted light-emitting fabrics, called CELL-LEF. Thermal and optical distributions and related safeties are investigated. The results are discussed in relation to the requirements of photodynamic therapy. The usability of CELL-LEF is investigated on human cancer cell lines as a proof of concept. This study highlights that new light-emitting fabric-based technologies can be relevant light sources for in vitro photodynamic therapy studies of tomorrow. Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears to be a promising strategy in biomedical applications. However, the complexity of its parameters prevents wide acceptance. This work presents and characterizes a novel optical device based on knitted light-emitting fabrics and dedicated to in vitro PDT involving low irradiance over a long illumination period. Technical characterization of this device, called CELL-LEF, is performed. A cytotoxic study of 5-ALA-mediated PDT on human cancer cell lines is provided as a proof of concept. The target of delivering an irradiance of 1 mW/cm2 over 750 cm2 is achieved (mean: 0.99 mW/cm2; standard deviation: 0.13 mW/cm2). The device can maintain a stable temperature with the mean thermal distribution of 35.1 °C (min: 30.7 °C; max: 38.4 °C). In vitro outcomes show that 5-ALA PDT using CELL-LEF consistently and effectively induced a decrease in tumor cell viability: Almost all the HepG2 cells died after 80 min of illumination, while less than 60% of U87 cell viability remained. CELL-LEF is suitable for in vitro PDT involving low irradiance over a long illumination period.
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Anti-Human Cancer Experiments Investigating the Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030229. [PMID: 33800109 PMCID: PMC8000125 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid derivative and a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The photophysical feature of PpIX is clinically used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These clinical applications are potentially based on in vitro cell culture experiments. Thus, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments is meaningful and may provide opportunities to consider future perspectives in this field. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed to summarize the in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments and calculated the effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT for several cancer cell types. In total, 412 articles were identified, and 77 were extracted based on our inclusion criteria. The calculated effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT was statistically analyzed, which revealed a tendency of cancer-classification-dependent sensitivity to 5-ALA PDT, and stomach cancer was significantly more sensitive to 5-ALA PDT compared with cancers of different origins. Based on our analysis, we suggest a standardized in vitro experimental protocol for 5-ALA PDT.
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Wu S, Wang L, Ren X, Pan Y, Peng Y, Zou X, Shi C, Zhang Y. Involvement of retinoblastoma-associated protein 48 during photodynamic therapy of cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1393-1400. [PMID: 28138695 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA‑PDT) is an effective treatment option for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, the precancerous lesion of cervical cancer, and early cervical cancer, particularly for young or nulliparous women who want to remain fertile. A previous report described the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDAC) during ALA‑PDT mediated apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of a mouse model. Retinoblastoma‑associated protein 48 (RbAp48), a highly abundant component of HDACs, is a critical mediator that controls the transforming activity of human papillomavirus 16 in cervical cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of RbAp48 in ALA‑PDT‑induced cell death in cervical cancer cells. RbAp48 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cell lines treated with ALA‑PDT, including SiHa and HeLa cells. To establish the relevance of RbAp48 and the efficacy of ALA‑PDT in cervical cancer cells, the effect of ALA‑PDT was investigated in SiHa or HeLa cells following the depletion of RbAp48 by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Reduction of RbAp48 led to the reduced suppression of proliferation and apoptosis induced by ALA‑PDT in cervical cancer cells, which was associated with a reduction in tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53), retinoblastoma (Rb), apoptosis‑related enzyme caspase‑3, and increased levels of the oncogenic genes, human papillomavirus E6 and E7. These results provide evidence that RbAp48 is an important contributor to the efficacy of ALA‑PDT in cervical cancer cells. RbAp48 may be a therapeutic target that may help to improve the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xingye Ren
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yulu Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Cuige Shi
- National Research Institute of Family Planning, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Wei XQ, Ma HQ, Liu AH, Zhang YZ. Synergistic anticancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in combination with low-dose cisplatin on Hela cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3023-8. [PMID: 23803073 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT ) is a promising modality for the treatment of various tumors. In order to assist in optimizing treatment, we applied 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin to evaluate cytotoxicity in Hela cells. METHODS Antiproliferative effects of 5-ALA/PDT and cisplatin, alone and in combination, were assessed using MTT assay. To examine levels of apoptosis, Hela cells treated with 5-ALA/PDT, and combination treatment were assessed with Annexin-V/PI by flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis, Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. RESULTS MTT assays indicated that combination treatment obviously decreased the viability of Hela cells compared to individual drug treatment. In addition, it was confirmed that exposure of Hela cells to 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin resulted in more apoptosis in vitro. Synergistic anticancer activity was related to upregulation p53 expression and alteration in expression of p21, Bcl-2 and Bax. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that administration of 5-ALA/PDT in combination with the low-dose cisplatin may be an effective and feasible therapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Univeristy , Jinan, China
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Liu L, Song Y, Ma L, Zang L, Tao L, Zhang Z, Han J. Growth inhibition effect of HMME-mediated PDT on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1715-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kwon JG, Song IS, Kim MS, Lee BH, Kim JH, Yoon I, Shim YK, Kim N, Han J, Youm JB. Pu-18- N-butylimide-NMGA-GNP conjugate is effective against hepatocellular carcinoma. Integr Med Res 2013; 2:106-111. [PMID: 28664061 PMCID: PMC5481715 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new modality in the treatment of cancer. This study thus aims to examine whether the PDT is effective against in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS In vivo efficacy of PDT on hepatocellular carcinoma was tested in xenografted mice with human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (Huh7) by utilizing a gold nanoparticles (GNPs) conjugate of new photosensitizer (PS), purpurin-18-N-butylimide-N-methyl-D-glucamine (Pu-18-N-butylimide-NMGA). The conjugate (PS-GNPs) was synthesized from the reaction between Pu-18-N-butylimide-NMGA and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4). Mice were arbitrarily assigned into one of three groups. First group received saline alone, second group received PS-GNPs alone, and the last group received both PS-GNPs and irradiation. PS-GNPs was injected directly into the tumor mass and irradiations were performed 24 hours after injection of PS-GNPs. RESULTS Tumor volume was significantly smaller in the group which received both PS-GNPs and irradiation compared with other two groups. Western blot and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed that the group which received both PS-GNPs and irradiation showed larger amount of apoptotic protein and DNA fragmentation compared with other two groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Pu-18-N-butylimide-NMGA-GNP conjugate is an effective agent for PDT in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Geun Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano System Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kim
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano System Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Il Yoon
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano System Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano System Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Boum Youm
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Nokes B, Apel M, Jones C, Brown G, Lang JE. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA): photodynamic detection and potential therapeutic applications. J Surg Res 2013; 181:262-71. [PMID: 23510551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that may have potential applications for photodynamic detection and photodynamic therapy-based treatment of solid tumors in a variety of malignancies. ALA may have a role in other applications in surgical oncology based on its ability to discriminate neoplastic tissue from adjacent normal tissue. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the published studies of ALA in noncutaneous solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Nokes
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Yu CH, Chen HM, Lin HP, Chiang CP. Expression of Bak and Bak/Mcl-1 ratio can predict photodynamic therapy outcome for oral verrucous hyperplasia and leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:257-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry; College of Oral Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; Oral Medicine Center; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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The use of fractal dimension analysis in estimation of blood vessels shape in transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma in Wistar rats after photodynamic therapy combined with cysteine protease inhibitors. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2012; 2012:793291. [PMID: 22991578 PMCID: PMC3443606 DOI: 10.1155/2012/793291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fractal dimension analysis (FDA) is modern mathematical method widely used to describing of complex and chaotic shapes when classic methods fail. The main aim of this study was evaluating the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with cystein proteases inhibitors (CPI) on the number and morphology of blood vessels inside tumor and on increase of effectiveness of combined therapy in contrast to PDT and CPI used separately.
Animals were divided into four groups: control, treated using only PDT, treated using only CPI and treated using combined therapy, PDT and CPI.
Results showed that time of animal survival and depth of necrosis inside tumor were significantly higher in CPI+PDT group in contrast to other groups. The higher value of fractal dimension (FD) was observed in control group, while the lowest value was found in the group which was treated by cystein protease inhibitors. The differences between FD were observed in CPI group and PDT+CPI group in comparison to control group.
Our results revealed that fractal dimension analysis is a very useful tool in estimating differences between irregular shapes like blood vessels in PDT treated tumors. Thus, the implementation of FDA algorithms could be useful method in evaluating the efficacy of PDT.
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Sherifa G, Saad Zaghloul MA, Elsayed OF, Rueck A, Steiner R, Abdelaziz AI, Abdel-Kader MH. Functional characterization of Fospeg, and its impact on cell cycle upon PDT of Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 10:87-94. [PMID: 23465377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several treatment options are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), their application is mostly restricted to early diagnosed cases or includes liver transplantation, which is rarely available due to donor scarcity. The attractiveness of PDT as a cancer treatment does not only come from its minimal invasiveness, but also from the high selectivity due to tumor localization that can be applied. Precise focusing of light on tumor lesions will result in tumor-specific PDT activation. Novel photosensitizers can be applied in such low concentrations that cells not subjected to irradiation remain healthy. The lethal effect and mechanism of death induction of the photosensitizer Fospeg has never been studied on hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present study is to functionally analyze the impact of PDT on Huh-7 HCC cell line, as well as to analyze its impact on cell cycle protein expression. METHODS Cellular viability, and proliferation assays were conducted via MTT and BrdU assay, respectively. Transfected cell models of Huh7 with different constructs harboring cell cycle genes and downstream reporter luciferase gene were generated. RESULTS Our results show a statistically significant decrease in both viability and proliferation of Huh-7 cells following PDT, while maintaining Fospeg and laser concentrations far below toxic levels. Proliferative cell cycle genes show a tendency of inhibition, while p53 levels show a significant increase following PDT. CONCLUSION Fospeg-mediated PDT is a promising strategy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and needs to be further explored in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sherifa
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Gómez C, Benito M, Katime I, Teijón JM, Blanco MD. In vitrotransdermal and biological evaluation of ALA-loaded poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels for photodynamic therapy. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:626-35. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.676091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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RADZI R, OSAKI T, TSUKA T, IMAGAWA T, MINAMI S, OKAMOTO Y. Morphological Study in B16F10 Murine Melanoma Cells after Photodynamic Hyperthermal Therapy with Indocyanine Green (ICG). J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:465-72. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rozanaliza RADZI
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tomohiro OSAKI
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi TSUKA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro IMAGAWA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Saburo MINAMI
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu OKAMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Neurology and Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Tang W, Fan W, Liu Q, Zhang J, Qin X. The role of p53 in the response of tumor cells to sonodynamic therapy in vitro. ULTRASONICS 2011; 51:777-785. [PMID: 21616517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
p53 plays a pivotal role in apoptosis. In addition, p53 is currently extensively investigated as a promising strategy for highly specific anticancer therapy in chemotherapeutics and photodynamic therapy. However, the role of p53 in the response of tumor cells to sonodynamic therapy treatment is still unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the activation of p53 in sonodynamic therapy. Three murine tumor models with distinct aggressiveness (S180, H-22 and EAC) were treated with 1.75MHz continuous ultrasound at an acoustic intensity (I(SATA)) of 1.4W for 3min in the presence of 20μg/ml hematoporphyrin. The DNA fragment and nuclear damage were observed by TUNEL and single cell gel electrophoresis. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of p53, PUMA, Bax and Fas. Then we checked the translocation of p53 by confocal microscopy. DNA sequencing was used to determine the status of p53 gene in three tumor cell lines. Our results indicated that the level of p53 protein and mRNA increased significantly, and p53 activated the expression of its downstream pro-apoptosis gene PUMA, Bax and Fas in the S180 and H-22 cells. Meanwhile, p53 protein translocated onto mitochondria. In the EAC cells, expression and translocation of p53 was not found; the level of PUMA, Bax and Fas remained unaltered. The S180 cells showed most serious DNA fragment and nuclear damage with 77.43% TDNA; H-22 cells in the middle with 58.85% TDNA; whereas EAC cells appeared less nuclear material lost with just 15.82% TDNA. The results of DNA sequencing showed that the sequences of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene of S180, H-22 and EAC cells were the same with the sequences of wild-type p53 provided by NCBI. These results primarily demonstrated that: (1) p53 was activated to promote SDT-induced apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways in the S180 and H-22 cells; (2) cellular responses of different cells to SDT were distinct, the aggressive S180 cells were much more sensitive than H-22, whereas EAC cells were relatively less sensitive. The discrepancy among the cell lines may be due to different activation time of p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Use of EPR and FTIR to detect biological effects of ultrasound and microbubbles on a fibroblast cell line. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 40:1115-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wachowska M, Muchowicz A, Firczuk M, Gabrysiak M, Winiarska M, Wańczyk M, Bojarczuk K, Golab J. Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) as a Prodrug in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2011. [PMCID: PMC6263343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16054140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an endogenous metabolite normally formed in the mitochondria from succinyl-CoA and glycine. Conjugation of eight ALA molecules yields protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and finally leads to formation of heme. Conversion of PpIX to its downstream substrates requires the activity of a rate-limiting enzyme ferrochelatase. When ALA is administered externally the abundantly produced PpIX cannot be quickly converted to its final product - heme by ferrochelatase and therefore accumulates within cells. Since PpIX is a potent photosensitizer this metabolic pathway can be exploited in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This is an already approved therapeutic strategy making ALA one of the most successful prodrugs used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wańczyk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department III, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel. +48-22-5992199; Fax: +48-22-5992194
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Xu J, Xia X, Leung AW, Xiang J, Jiang Y, Yu H, Bai D, Li X, Xu C. Sonodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester induces mitochondrial damage in liver cancer cells. ULTRASONICS 2011; 51:480-4. [PMID: 21183195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy with pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa) presents a promising aspect in treating liver cancer. The present study aims to investigate the mitochondrial damage of liver cancer cells induced by MPPa-mediated sonodynamic action. Mouse hepatoma cell line H(22) cells were incubated with MPPa (2 μM) for 20 h and then exposed to ultrasound with an intensity of 0.97 W/cm(2) for 8 s. Cytotoxicity was investigated 24h after sonodynamic action using MTT assay and light microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was analyzed using flow cytometry with rhodamine 123 staining and ultrastructural changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of MPPa-mediated SDT on H(22) cell line was 73.00±3.42%, greater than ultrasound treatment alone (28.12±5.19%) significantly while MPPa treatment alone had no significant effect on H(22) cells. Moreover, after MPPa-mediated SDT cancer cells showed swollen mitochondria under TEM and a significant collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Our findings demonstrated that MPPa-mediated SDT could remarkably induce cell death of H(22) cells, and highlighted that mitochondrial damage might be an important cause of cell death induced by MPPa-mediated SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Chiang CP, Huang WT, Lee JW, Hsu YC. Effective treatment of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions by topical photosan-mediated photodynamic therapy. Head Neck 2011; 34:505-12. [PMID: 21484926 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found that topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is very effective for human oral precancerous lesions. METHODS This study evaluated whether topical photosan-mediated PDT (topical photosan-PDT), using a 640-nm light-emitting diode (LED) light, is an effective treatment modality for hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions. Fourteen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions were treated with topical photosan-PDT using the 640-nm LED light twice a week. RESULTS All 14 of the precancerous lesions showed a complete histologically confirmed response to the lesions after an average of 3.79 (range, 3-5) PDT treatments. Normal and precancerous pouch mucosae in the other 4 hamsters received 17 or 19 treatments of topical photosan-PDT showed no cumulative side effects. No recurrence of the lesions was found in these 18 PDT-treated hamsters after a follow-up period of 50 weeks. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that topical photosan-PDT is a very effective treatment modality for DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology and Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Xiang J, Xia X, Jiang Y, Leung AW, Wang X, Xu J, Wang P, Yu H, Bai D, Xu C. Apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells induced by methylene blue-mediated sonodynamic action. ULTRASONICS 2011; 51:390-395. [PMID: 21147492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells induced by methylene blue (MB)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT). METHODS The MB concentration was kept constant at 100μM and ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells were exposed to ultrasound therapy for 5s with an intensity of 0.46W/cm(2). The cytotoxicity was investigated 24h after MB-mediated sonodynamic action. Apoptosis was analyzed using a flow cytometer with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining as well as fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33258 staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by flow cytometer with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of MB-mediated SDT on HO-8910 cells after MB-mediated SDT was significantly higher than those of other treatments including ultrasound alone, MB alone and sham treatment. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cell populations by MB-mediated SDT of HO-8910 cells. Nuclear condensation and increased ROS levels were also found in HO-8910 cells treated by MB-mediated SDT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that MB-mediated sonodynamic action significantly induced apoptosis of HO-8910 cells and an increase in intracellular ROS level. This indicates that apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death induced by MB-mediated SDT. Thus, MB-mediated SDT might be a potential therapeutic strategy for combating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Xiang
- Department of Photodynamic and Sondynamic Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Chen HM, Liu CM, Yang H, Chou HY, Chiang CP, Kuo MYP. 5-aminolevulinic acid induce apoptosis via NF-κB/JNK pathway in human oral cancer Ca9-22 cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:483-9. [PMID: 21138480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) is being used to treat oral pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions with some encouraging clinical outcomes. However, the exact mechanisms behind the photodynamic treatment are still not fully elucidated. METHOD Flow cytometry, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and Western blot analysis were used to investigate the effects of 5-ALA-PDT on human oral cancer Ca9-22 cells. RESULTS We found that 5-ALA-PDT induces apoptosis in Ca9-22 cells. Western blotting showed that 5-ALA-PDT activates both the caspase-8 and caspase-9 pathways, which differed from previous studies conducted in other cell types. Activation of JNK was evident as early as 30 min. The caspases activation was inhibited by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Treatment with NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 (Bay) completely abrogated ALA-PDT-induced JNK activation. In addition, Bay and SP600125 almost completely abolished ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate significant involvement of caspase-8 and -9 and their upstream NF-κB-JNK pathways in ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis. Future studies on how NF-κB and JNK activity regulate ALA-PDT response should provide a better strategy for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jedrych E, Pawlicka Z, Chudy M, Dybko A, Brzozka Z. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) procedures using microfluidic system. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 683:149-55. [PMID: 21167965 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid PDMS/glass microfluidic system for evaluation of the efficiency of photodynamic therapy is presented. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was used as a precursor of photosensitizer. The geometry of the microdevice presented in this paper enables to test different concentrations of the photosensitizer in a single assay. The viability of the A549 cells was determined 24 h after PDT procedure (irradiation with light which induced a photosensitizer accumulated in carcinoma cells, λ=625 nm). The presented results confirmed the possibility to perform the photodynamic therapy process in vitro in microscale and the possibility to assess its effectiveness. Moreover, because two identical microstructures on a single chip were performed, the microchip can be used for examination simultaneously various cell lines (carcinoma and normal) or various photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jedrych
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3,00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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He Y, Xia X, Xu C, Yu H, Bai D, Xiang J, Leung AW. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid enhances ultrasound-induced mitochondrial damage in K562 cells. ULTRASONICS 2010; 50:777-781. [PMID: 20381823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound therapy is a new modality in the control of malignant cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminolaevulinic acid on the ultrasonic killing action in the cancer cells. MATERIALS/METHODS The K562 cells as a cancer cell model were subjected to investigate the effect of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) on the ultrasonic killing action, in which the 5-ALA concentration was 2mM and the ultrasound exposure was 15 s at the intensity of 0.46 W/cm(2) and the frequency of 1.7MHz. Cytotoxicity was investigated 24h after ultrasound exposure using the trypan blue exclusion test. Ultrastructural cell morphology and mitochondrial changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) was evaluated using Rhodamine 123 assay. RESULTS The death rates of the K562 cells in the controls including sham radiation and 5-ALA treatment alone were 1.81+/-0.13%, 1.27+/-0.20%, respectively. Those in ultrasound radiation alone and 5-ALA-ultrasound treatment were 12.61+/-2.63%, 46.87+/-4.09%, respectively. There were significant differences between 5-ALA-ultrasound treatment, ultrasound radiation alone and the controls (P<0.05). TEM showed that the mitochondria expanding and some vacuoles were found in the ultrasound-treated cells. After the treatment of ultrasound and 5-ALA together some cells presented typical characteristics of apoptotic cells, such as nuclear condensation and crescent formation. Mitochondria of the cells were damaged more seriously than those treated by ultrasound alone, there were obvious swollen mitochondria and mitochondria in which cristae were almost perfectly disappeared, and more vacuolar mitochondria were founded. Mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) was more significantly collapsed when the K562 cells were exposed to 2mM 5-ALA for 4h and then 0.46 W/cm(2) irradiation of ultrasound than ultrasound radiation alone. CONCLUSION 5-ALA pretreatment significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of ultrasound radiation in K562 cells. The damage of mitochondria structure and function might be an important cause of cell death in K562 cells induced by the treatment of ultrasound radiation and 5-ALA together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu J, Xia X, Wang X, Xu C, Wang P, Xiang J, Jiang Y, Leung AW. Sonodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester in liver cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:1031-1037. [PMID: 20587426 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.7.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the sonodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa) in liver cancer cells to explore a novel therapeutic modality. METHODS H22 cells were chosen as model cells to investigate the sonodynamic action of MPPa on liver cancer. The MPPa concentration was kept constant at 2 micromol/L, and the cells were subjected to ultrasound exposure at an intensity of 0.97 W/cm(2). Cytotoxicity was investigated 24 hours after ultrasound exposure. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodine staining and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using flow cytometry with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. RESULTS No significant dark cytotoxicity of MPPa was shown in the H22 cells at the concentration of 2 micromol/L. The cell death rate induced by ultrasound treatment was significantly higher in the presence of MPPa than in the absence of it (P < .05). Flow cytometry showed that the sonodynamic action of MPPa significantly increased the early and late apoptotic rates of the H22 cells. Nuclear condensation and an ROS increase were found after sonodynamic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that MPPa-mediated sonodynamic action significantly enhanced death of H22 cells and the ROS level, suggesting that MPPa is a novel sonosensitizer and the sonodynamic action of MPPa might be a potential therapeutic modality in the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang P, Xu CS, Xu J, Wang X, Leung AW. Hypocrellin B enhances ultrasound-induced cell death of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:336-342. [PMID: 20018428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellin B, a natural pigment from a traditional Chinese herb, has been attracting extensive attention. The present study aims to investigate whether hypocrellin B can enhance cell death induced by ultrasound sonification on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. The sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B was investigated on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 cells as tumor model cells. In the experiments, the hypocrellin B concentration was kept constant at 2.5 microM and the cells were subject to ultrasound exposure for 15 s at an intensity of 0.65 W/cm(2). Cytotoxicity was investigated 24 h after ultrasound sonification. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine staining and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. Cell ultrastructure morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No significant dark cytotoxicity of hypocrellin B in the CNE2 cells was observed at the concentration of 2.5 microM. The cell death rate induced by ultrasound sonification was significantly higher in the presence of hypocrellin B than in the absence of hypocrellin B. Flow cytometry showed that ultrasound exposure in the presence of hypocrellin B significantly increased the early and late apoptotic rate, 18.64% and 22.57%, respectively, compared with the controls. Nuclear condensation was observed in the nuclear staining and swollen mitochondria and more vacuolar and broken cell membrane were found in TEM after the treatment of hypocrellin B and ultrasound. Our findings demonstrated that the presence of hypocrellin B significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of ultrasound radiation in CNE2 cells, suggesting that hypocrellin B is a novel sonosensitizer and hypocrellin B-mediated sonodynamic therapy is a potential therapeutic modality in the management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Photodynamic properties of ZnTPPS4, ClAlPcS2 and ALA in human melanoma G361 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:286-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yanase S, Nomura J, Matsumura Y, Watanabe Y, Tagawa T. Synergistic Increase in Osteosarcoma Cell Sensitivity to Photodynamic Therapy with Aminolevulinic Acid Hexyl Ester in the Presence of Hyperthermia. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:791-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Yanase
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Mie Chuou Medical Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Jouji Nomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsumura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshiro Tagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Mikeš J, Koval' J, Jendželovský R, Sačková V, Uhrinová I, Kello M, Kuliková L, Fedoročko P. The role of p53 in the efficiency of photodynamic therapy with hypericin and subsequent long-term survival of colon cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1558-67. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Li WT, Tsao HW, Chen YY, Cheng SW, Hsu YC. A study on the photodynamic properties of chlorophyll derivatives using human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:1341-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b704539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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