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Duan Q, Hu T, Zhu Q, Jin X, Chi F, Chen X. How far are the new wave of mRNA drugs from us? mRNA product current perspective and future development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974433. [PMID: 36172353 PMCID: PMC9510989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA products are therapies that are regulated from the post-transcriptional, pre-translational stage of a gene and act upstream of protein synthesis. Compared with traditional small molecule drugs and antibody drugs, mRNA drugs had the advantages of simple design, short development cycle, strong target specificity, wide therapeutic field, and long-lasting effect. mRNA drugs were now widely used in the treatment of genetic diseases, tumors, and viral infections, and are expected to become the third major class of drugs after small molecule drugs and antibody drugs. The delivery system technology was the key to ensuring the efficacy and safety of mRNA drugs, which plays an important role in protecting RNA structure, enhancing targeting ability, reducing the dose of drug delivery, and reducing toxic side effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) were the most common delivery system for mRNA drugs. In recent years, mRNA drugs have seen rapid development, with the number of drugs on the market increasing each year. The success of commercializing mRNA vaccines has driven a wave of nucleic acid drug development. mRNA drugs were clinically used in genetic diseases, oncology, and infectious diseases worldwide, while domestic mRNA clinical development was focused on COVID-19 vaccines, with more scope for future indication expansion.
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Brown SM, Beesley SJ, Stubben C, Wilson EL, Presson AP, Grissom C, Maguire C, Rondina MT, Hopkins RO. Postseptic Cognitive Impairment and Expression of APOE in Peripheral Blood: The Cognition After SepsiS (CASS) Observational Pilot Study. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 36:262-270. [PMID: 31916880 PMCID: PMC8721590 DOI: 10.1177/0885066619897604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment after sepsis is an important clinical problem. Determinants of postseptic cognitive impairment are not well understood. We thus undertook a systems biology approach to exploring a possible role for apolipoprotein E (APOE) in postseptic cognitive impairment. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort. SETTING Intermountain Medical Center, a tertiary referral center in Utah. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Patients with sepsis admitted to study intensive care units. INTERVENTIONS None. METHODS We obtained peripheral blood for deep sequencing of RNA and followed up survivors at 6 months with a battery of cognitive instruments. We defined cognitive impairment based on the 6-month Hayling test of executive function. In our primary analysis, we employed weighted network analysis. Secondarily, we compared variation in gene expression between patients with normal versus impaired cognition. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We enrolled 40 patients, of whom 34 were follow-up eligible and 31 (91%) completed follow-up; 1 patient's RNA sample was degraded-the final analytic cohort was 30 patients. Mean Hayling test score was 5.8 (standard deviation 1.1), which represented 20% with impaired executive function. The network module containing APOE was dominated by low-expression genes, with no association on primary analysis (P = .8). Secondary analyses suggested several potential lines of future investigation, including oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective pilot cohort, executive dysfunction affected 1 in 5 survivors of sepsis. The APOE gene was sparsely transcribed in peripheral leukocytes and not associated with cognitive impairment. Future lines of research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Brown
- Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 98078Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 7060University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah J Beesley
- Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 98078Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 7060University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily L Wilson
- Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 98078Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Angela P Presson
- Division of Epidemiology, Study Design and Biostatistics Center, 7060University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Colin Grissom
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 98078Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 7060University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Colin Maguire
- Center for Translational and Clinical Sciences, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, 7060University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.,Department of Internal Medicine and the GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ramona O Hopkins
- Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, 98078Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Ginanni Corradini S, Siciliano M, Parlati L, Molinaro A, Cantafora A, Poli E, Mennini G, Melandro F, Vestri AR, Merli M, Bianco P, Corsi A, Toniutto P, Bitetto D, Falleti E, Attili AF, Berloco P, Rossi M. Recipient perioperative cholesterolaemia and graft cholesterol metabolism gene expression predict liver transplant outcome. Liver Int 2014; 34:e290-301. [PMID: 24256518 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We analysed for the first time whether recipient perioperative serum total cholesterol (sTC) concentration is associated with liver transplantation outcome. METHODS We studied noncholestatic cirrhotics submitted to primary deceased-donor liver transplantation in a prospective group (n=140) from Rome and in a validation retrospective cohort (n=157) from Udine, Italy. Pre-ischaemia and post-reperfusion cholesterol metabolism gene mRNA was measured by RT-PCR in 74 grafts of the study group. RESULTS At Cox regression analysis, independently from confounders including recipient MELD score, the recipient pre-operative sTC pooled quintiles 2-5, compared with the lowest quintile showed HR (95% CI) and significances for overall graft loss (GL) of 0.215 (0.104-0.444) P<0.001 in the study group and 0.319 (0.167-0.610) P=0.001 in the validation cohort. Analysing sTC as a continuous variable, the risk of overall GL for every 10-mg/dl decrease in pre-operative sTC increased by 13% and by 9% in the study group and in the validation cohort respectively. In the study group, independent associations at multivariate analyses were: (a) high graft pre-ischaemia expression of INSIG-1, which indicates hepatocellular cholesterol depletion, with post-reperfusion graft necrosis; (b) GL with inadequate graft post-reperfusion response to cholesterol depletion, shown by a failure to reduce the PCSK9 to LDLR expression ratio; (c) GL with a relative increase of sTC on post-operative day-7, selectively because of the LDL fraction, which indirectly suggests poor cholesterol uptake from blood. CONCLUSIONS Low recipient pre-transplant sTC concentration, its post-operative day-7 increase and a genetically determined low graft cholesterol availability predict poor liver transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ginanni Corradini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Suk KT, Kim DJ, Kim CH, Park SH, Cheong JY, Cho SW, Choi JY, Han KH, Sung HT, Hong SH, Kim DY, Yoon JH, Kim YS, Baik GH, Kim JB. Diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers measured in the hepatic vein and peripheral vein in the prediction of advanced fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1075-80. [PMID: 22579966 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The accuracies of biomarkers checked in the hepatic vein (HV) and peripheral vein (PV) were compared in the prediction of advanced fibrosis (AF) of liver. METHODS Patients with chronic viral hepatitis (n=101) who underwent hepatic venous pressure gradient, liver biopsy, and paired HV-PV samples (6 biomarkers: hyaluronic acid [HA], haptoglobin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP2], tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 [TIMP1], procollagen III N-terminal peptide [PIIINP], and apolipoprotein-A1 [Apo-A1]) were enrolled. RESULTS Differences were displayed between the HV and PV in the predictive logit-models for predicting AF (-3.13+0.017×MMP2-0.019×haptoglobin and -0.270+0.007×HA-0.018×haptoglobin, respectively). In the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, PIIINP (0.74/0.68, p=0.03), MMP2 (0.72/0.63, p=0.04), HA (0.79/0.76, p=0.94), Apo-A1 (0.56/0.48, p=0.73), and predictive logit-model (0.81/0.78, p=0.68) showed higher diagnostic value in the HV sample. CONCLUSIONS While most biomarkers were correlated better with hepatic fibrosis in HV than in PV, individually and in predictive logit-models, they were inadequate to determine the degree of advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Mogilenko DA, Orlov SV, Trulioff AS, Ivanov AV, Nagumanov VK, Kudriavtsev IV, Shavva VS, Tanyanskiy DA, Perevozchikov AP. Endogenous apolipoprotein A-I stabilizes ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and modulates Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in human macrophages. FASEB J 2012; 26:2019-30. [PMID: 22271762 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-193946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main functional protein component of human high-density lipoproteins. ApoA-I shows various anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties toward macrophages; however, endogenous apoA-I expression has not been investigated in macrophages. We have shown that endogenous apoA-I gene is expressed in human macrophages at both mRNA and protein levels. Endogenous ApoA-I is localized in intracellular vesicles and at the external side of the plasma membrane in association with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and lipid rafts in macrophages. We have shown that endogenous ApoA-I stabilizes ABCA1, moreover, down-regulation of ApoA-I by siRNA results in an increase of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and membrane surface protein expression, as well as an enhancement of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) genes in human macrophages. TNF-α stimulates ApoA-I expression and secretion (1.2±0.2 vs. 4.3±0.9 ng/mg total protein) in macrophages. Obtained results suggest that endogenous ApoA-I has anti-inflammatory properties, presumably due to ABCA1 stabilization in macrophages; these results elucidate the cell type-specific mechanism of the TNF-α-mediated regulation of apoA-I gene expression in monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Mogilenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
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