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Du Y, Jian S, Wang X, Yang C, Qiu H, Fang K, Yan Y, Shi J, Li J. Machine learning and single cell RNA sequencing analysis identifies regeneration-related hepatocytes and highlights a Birc5-related model for identifying cell proliferative ability. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204775. [PMID: 37315292 PMCID: PMC10292894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy (PHx) has been shown to induce rapid regeneration of adult liver under emergency conditions. Therefore, an in-depth investigation of the underlying mechanisms that govern liver regeneration following PHx is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of this process. METHOD We analyzed scRNA-seq data from liver samples of normal and PHx-48-hour mice. Seven machine learning algorithms were utilized to screen and validate a gene signature that accurately identifies and predicts this population. Co-immunostaining of zonal markers with BIRC5 to investigate regional characteristics of hepatocytes post-PHx. RESULTS Single cell sequencing results revealed a population of regeneration-related hepatocytes. Transcription factor analysis emphasized the importance of Hmgb1 transcription factor in liver regeneration. HdWGCNA and machine learning algorithm screened and obtained the key signature characterizing this population, including a total of 17 genes and the function enrichment analysis indicated their high correlation with cell cycle pathway. It is note-worthy that we inferred that Hmgb1 might be vital in the regeneration-related hepatocytes of PHx_48h group. Parallelly, Birc5 might be closely related to the regulation of liver regeneration, and positively correlated with Hmgb1. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified a distinct population of hepatocytes that are closely associated with liver regeneration. Through machine learning algorithms, we have identified a set of 17 genes that are highly indicative of the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes. This gene signature has enabled us to assess the proliferation ability of in vitro cultured hepatocytes using sequencing data alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqin Jian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yehong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of General Surgery, Ji’an Hospital of Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Pibiri M, Simbula G. Role of the Hippo pathway in liver regeneration and repair: recent advances. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:59. [PMID: 36471376 PMCID: PMC9720992 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the signaling pathways involved in normal liver regeneration have been well characterized, less has been done for livers affected by chronic tissue damage. These "abnormal livers" have an impaired regenerative response that leads to liver repair and fibrosis. The tumor suppressor Hippo pathway plays a key role in liver regeneration and repair. On this basis, this review discusses recent studies focusing on the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway during "normal healthy liver regeneration" (i.e., in a normal liver after 2/3 partial hepatectomy) and "abnormal liver regeneration" (i.e., in a liver damaged by chronic disease). This could be an important question to address with respect to new therapies aimed at improving impaired liver regenerative responses. The studies reported here have shown that activation of the Hippo coactivators YAP/TAZ during normal liver regeneration promotes the formation of a new bile duct network through direct BEC proliferation or/and hepatocyte dedifferentiation to HPCs which can trans-differentiate to BECs. Moreover, YAP/TAZ signaling interaction with other signaling pathways mediates the recruitment and activation of Kupffer cells, which release mitogenic cytokines for parenchymal and/or non-parenchymal cells and engage in phagocytosis of cellular debris. In addition, YAP-mediated activation of stellate cells (HSCs) promotes liver regeneration through the synthesis of extracellular matrix. However, in chronically diseased livers, where the predetermined threshold for proper liver regeneration is exceeded, YAP/TAZ activation results in a reparative process characterized by liver fibrosis. In this condition, YAP/TAZ activation in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells results in (i) differentiation of quiescent HSCs into myofibroblastic HSCs; (ii) recruitment of macrophages releasing inflammatory cytokines; (iii) polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Since accumulation of damaged hepatocytes in chronic liver injury represent a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocarcinoma, this review also discussed the involvement of the Hippo pathway in the clearance of damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, Blocco A. 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, Blocco A. 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Soliman MM, Alotaibi SS, Sayed S, Hassan MM, Althobaiti F, Aldhahrani A, Youssef GBA, El-Shehawi AM. The Protective Impact of Salsola imbricata Leaf Extract From Taif Against Acrylamide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation and Oxidative Damage: The Role of Antioxidants, Cytokines, and Apoptosis-Associated Genes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:817183. [PMID: 35155650 PMCID: PMC8835116 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.817183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salsola imbricata is a herbal plant native to Saudi Arabia, known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored the protective effects of an ethanolic leaf extract of Salsola imbricata against the oxidative stress and hepatic injury caused by acrylamide. Rats received intragastric administrations of 20 mg/kg of body weight of acrylamide to induce hepatic injury, or 300 mg/kg of body weight of Salsola ethanolic extract orally for 7 days before acrylamide administration. The treatments were continued for 3 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected from all the groups, and the following biochemical parameters were tested: serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (gamma glutaryl transferase), urea, albumin, total proteins, catalase, SOD (superoxide dismutase), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and MDA (malondialdehyde). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2), HO-1 (Hemoxygenase-1), COX-2 (Cyclooxgenase-2), TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-beta1), Bax, and Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), which are associated with oxidative stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and anti-apoptotic effects. The annexin and survivin immunoreactivity were examined at the immunohistochemical level. Pretreatment with the Salsola ethanolic extract reduced the negative impact of acrylamide on ALT, AST, GGT, urea, albumin, and total proteins. The Salsola ethanolic extract reversed acrylamide's effects on serum and tissue antioxidants. Nrf2/HO-1 expression was downregulated, while COX-2 and TGF-β1 were upregulated in the acrylamide-administered group and normalized by the pre-administration of Salsola ethanolic extract to the acrylamide experimental group. The immunoreactivity of annexin and survivin was restored in the experimental group administered Salsola ethanolic extract plus acrylamide. In conclusion, Salsola ethanolic extract inhibits and regulates the side effects induced in the liver by acrylamide. Salsola induced its impacts by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-/anti-apoptosis-associated genes at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels. Salsola is recommended as oxidative stress relievers against environmental toixicity at high altitude areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan B. A. Youssef
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Sharma S, Ghufran SM, Das B, Roy B, Ghose S, Biswas S. Survivin expression is essential for early activation of hepatic stellate cells and fibrosis progression in chronic liver injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120119. [PMID: 34743004 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatic fibrosis in injured liver is characterized by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from their quiescent state. Survivin (BIRC5) is one of the key genes that are upregulated during activation of HSCs but their role in HSC activation and fibrosis progression is unknown. Here, we have investigated the role of survivin protein in early fibrogenic activation of HSCs and fibrosis progression in chronic liver injury. MATERIALS & METHODS Primary quiescent HSCs were isolated from healthy mice liver through perfusion and cultured for fibrogenic activation. Survivin expression was suppressed by its pharmacological suppressant, YM155. We developed chronic liver injury induced fibrotic mice model through administrating repeated dose of CCl4 for 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Mice were pre-treated with YM155 a week before CCl4 administration till 2nd week of dosing and then discontinued. Hepatic parameters were characterized and underlying mechanisms were investigated. KEY FINDINGS Survivin expression gradually increased along with the expression of αSMA, collagen I activation maker in HSCs during their activation from quiescent state. Survivin suppression through YM155 downregulated αSMA, collagen I. Pre-treatment of YM155 in mice ceased the early activation of HSCs and onset of fibrosis in injured liver. However, discontinuation of YM155 initiated the activation of HSCs and fibrosis progression that shows survivin expression in HSCs is essential for their early activation and onset of liver fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE Survivin expression induces with activation of HSCs and drives onset of liver fibrosis in injured liver. Targeting survivin protein in activated HSCs could be a potential anti-fibrotic therapeutic approach in chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaikh Maryam Ghufran
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basundhara Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bornika Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sampa Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Konishi T, Schuster RM, Lentsch AB. Proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, mediated by YAP and TAZ, contributes to liver repair and regeneration after liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G471-G482. [PMID: 29351389 PMCID: PMC5966748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00153.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key regulators of cell proliferation and organ size; however, their physiological contribution after liver injury has not been fully understood. In this study, we sought to determine the role of YAP and TAZ during liver recovery after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). A murine model of partial (70%) I/R was used to induce liver injury and study the reparative and regenerative response. After liver injury, there was marked activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. The Hippo pathway components, large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) and its adapter protein, Mps one binder 1 (MOB1), were inactivated during liver repair, and YAP and TAZ were activated selectively in hepatic stellate cells. Concurrently, the expression of connective tissue growth factor and survivin, both of which are YAP and TAZ target genes, were upregulated. Hepatic stellate cell expansion and concomitant activation of YAP and TAZ occurred only in the injured liver and were not observed in the nonischemic liver. Treatment of mice with verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP and TAZ, decreased hepatic stellate cell proliferation, survivin, and cardiac ankyrin repeat protein expression. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in hepatocyte proliferation. The data suggest that liver repair and regeneration after I/R injury are dependent on hepatic stellate cell proliferation, which is mediated by YAP and TAZ. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to assess the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and their role in the reparative and regenerative process. Here we show that the Hippo pathway is inactivated after I/R and that Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) activation is detected in HSC. HSC proliferation and expansion are prominent during liver recovery after I/R injury. Inhibition of YAP/TAZ activation with verteporfin reduces HSC proliferation and target gene expression and attenuates hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Konishi
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M. Schuster
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Gao H, Cao Y, Wan S, Liu J, Chen G, Li Z, Wang H, Li L. Upregulation of NM23-E2 accelerates the liver regeneration after 40% decreased-size liver transplantation in rats. J Surg Res 2017; 219:325-333. [PMID: 29078900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential of liver regeneration after living-donor liver transplantation is closely associated with the recipient's prognosis, whereas exogenous gene might regulate the liver regeneration progress. NM23 is a multifunctional gene, which inhibits tumor metastasis and regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and apoptosis; however, there is little research about NM23 in promoting liver cell proliferation. METHODS To investigate the effect of NM23-E2 on the liver cell proliferation, the NM23-E2 overexpression vector or negative control vector was transfected into BRL-3A cells and donor liver, respectively. NM23-E2, Cyclin D1, and PCNA expression levels in BRL-3A cells and liver tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect cell proliferation and flow cytometry for investigating cell cycle. The liver regeneration rate was determined by calculating (regenerated-liver weight of recipient - liver weight of donor/liver weight of donor) × 100%. RESULTS NM23-E2 overexpression increased the NM23-E2, Cyclin D1, and PCNA levels significantly in BRL-3A cells and liver tissues (P < 0.05). The number of S phase cells was more than that of negative control group, and cell proliferation rate was higher than that of the control group in BRL-3A cells markedly (P < 0.05). Moreover, the liver regeneration rate in the NM23-E2 overexpression group was also higher than that in negative control group on postoperative day 1, day 3, day 5, and day 7. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of NM23-E2 can increase Cyclin D1 and PCNA expression, shorten cell cycle, and thereby promoting the proliferation of liver cells and accelerating the regeneration of liver after 40% decreased-size rat liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Yongmei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuo Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi City, Guzhou Province, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hailei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China.
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent disruption of contact inhibition in rat liver WB-F344 epithelial cells is linked with induction of survivin, but not with inhibition of apoptosis. Toxicology 2015; 333:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Matteucci C, Sorrentino R, Bellis L, Ettorre GM, Svicher V, Santoro R, Vennarecci G, Biasiolo A, Pontisso P, Scacciatelli D, Beneduce L, Sarrecchia C, Casalino P, Bernardini S, Pierimarchi P, Garaci E, Puoti C, Rasi G. Detection of high levels of Survivin-immunoglobulin M immune complex in sera from hepatitis C virus infected patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:1008-18. [PMID: 24102797 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The identification and surveillance of patients with liver dysfunctions and the discovering of new disease biomarkers are needed in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate on Survivin-immunoglobulin (Ig)M immune complex (IC) as a potential biomarker of chronic liver diseases. METHODS Serum levels of Survivin-IgM were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay that had been standardized and validated in our laboratory in 262 individuals, including healthy subjects and patients with chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS Survivin-IgM IC was lower in healthy subjects (median, 99.39 AU/mL) than in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (median, 148.03 AU/mL; P = 0.002) or with cirrhosis (median, 371.00 AU/mL; P < 0.001). Among patients with cirrhosis, those with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection showed the highest level of Survivin-IgM IC (median, 633.71 AU/mL; P < 0.001). The receiver-operator curve analysis revealed that Survivin-IgM accurately distinguishes HCV correlated cirrhosis from chronic viral hepatitis (area under the curve [AUC], 0.738; sensitivity, 74.5%; specificity, 70.7%). A multivariate logistic regression model, including Survivin-IgM IC, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and AST/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio increased the prediction accuracy for the identification of the cirrhotic HCV patients (AUC, 0.818; sensitivity, 87.2%; specificity, 65.9%). Conversely, Survivin-IgM IC significantly decreased in HCC patients (median, 165.72 AU/mL; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Survivin-IgM immune complex may be used as a potential biomarker for liver damage, particularly for the identification of the HCV-related cirrhotic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
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Bracht T, Hagemann S, Loscha M, Megger DA, Padden J, Eisenacher M, Kuhlmann K, Meyer HE, Baba HA, Sitek B. Proteome analysis of a hepatocyte-specific BIRC5 (survivin)-knockout mouse model during liver regeneration. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2771-82. [PMID: 24818710 DOI: 10.1021/pr401188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5), also known as inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin, is a member of the chromosomal passenger complex and a key player in mitosis. To investigate the function of BIRC5 in liver regeneration, we analyzed a hepatocyte-specific BIRC5-knockout mouse model using a quantitative label-free proteomics approach. Here, we present the analyses of the proteome changes in hepatocyte-specific BIRC5-knockout mice compared to wildtype mice, as well as proteome changes during liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in wildtype mice and mice lacking hepatic BIRC5, respectively. The BIRC5-knockout mice showed an extensive overexpression of proteins related to cellular maintenance, organization and protein synthesis. Key regulators of cell growth, transcription and translation MTOR and STAT1/STAT2 were found to be overexpressed. During liver regeneration proteome changes representing a response to the mitotic stimulus were detected in wildtype mice. Mainly proteins corresponding to proliferation, cell cycle and cytokinesis were up-regulated. The hepatocyte-specific BIRC5-knockout mice showed impaired liver regeneration, which had severe consequences on the proteome level. However, several proteins with function in mitosis were found to be up-regulated upon the proliferative stimulus. Our results show that the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 is strongly up-regulated during liver regeneration independently of BIRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr Universität Bochum , Bochum, Germany
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10
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Hang HL, Xia Q. Role of BMSCs in liver regeneration and metastasis after hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:126-132. [PMID: 24415865 PMCID: PMC3886001 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which develops from liver cirrhosis, is highly prevalent worldwide and is a malignancy that leads to liver failure and systemic metastasis. While surgery is the preferred treatment for HCC, intervention and liver transplantation are also treatment options for end-stage liver disease. However, the success of partial hepatectomy and intervention is hindered by the decompensation of liver function. Conversely, liver transplantation is difficult to carry out due to its high cost and the lack of donor organs. Fortunately, research into bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has opened a new door in this field. BMSCs are a type of stem cell with powerful proliferative and differential potential that represent an attractive tool for the establishment of successful stem cell-based therapy for liver diseases. A number of different stromal cells contribute to the therapeutic effects exerted by BMSCs because BMSCs can differentiate into functional hepatic cells and can produce a series of growth factors and cytokines capable of suppressing inflammatory responses, reducing hepatocyte apoptosis, reversing liver fibrosis and enhancing hepatocyte functionality. Additionally, it has been shown that BMSCs can increase the apoptosis rate of cancer cells and inhibit tumor metastasis in some microenvironments. This review focuses on BMSCs and their possible applications in liver regeneration and metastasis after hepatectomy.
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Hagemann S, Wohlschlaeger J, Bertram S, Levkau B, Musacchio A, Conway EM, Moellmann D, Kneiseler G, Pless-Petig G, Lorenz K, Sitek B, Baba HA. Loss of Survivin influences liver regeneration and is associated with impaired Aurora B function. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:834-44. [PMID: 23519077 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) acts as a key regulator of mitosis, preventing asymmetric segregation of chromosomal material into daughter cells. The CPC is composed of three non-enzymatic components termed Survivin, the inner centromere protein (INCENP) and Borealin, and an enzymatic component, Aurora B kinase. Survivin is necessary for the appropriate separation of sister chromatids during mitosis and is involved in liver regeneration, but its role in regenerative processes is incompletely elucidated. Whether Survivin, which is classified as an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) based on domain composition, also has a role in apoptosis is controversial. The present study examined the in vivo effects of Survivin ablation in the liver and during liver regeneration after 70% hepatectomy in a hepatocyte-specific knockout mouse model. The absence of Survivin caused a reduction in the number of hepatocytes in the liver, together with an increase in cell volume, macronucleation and polyploidy, but no changes in apoptosis. During liver regeneration, mitosis of hepatocytes was associated with mislocalization of the members of the CPC, which were no longer detectable at the centromere despite an unchanged protein amount. Furthermore, the loss of survivin in regenerating hepatocytes was associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated Histone H3 at serine 28 and abolished phosphorylation of CENP-A and Hec1 at serine 55, which is a consequence of decreased Aurora B kinase activity. These data indicate that Survivin expression determines hepatocyte number during liver development and liver regeneration. Lack of Survivin causes mislocalization of the CPC members in combination with reduced Aurora B activity, leading to impaired phosphorylation of its centromeric target proteins and inappropriate cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hagemann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mashanov VS, Zueva OR, Rojas-Catagena C, Garcia-Arraras JE. Visceral regeneration in a sea cucumber involves extensive expression of survivin and mortalin homologs in the mesothelium. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:117. [PMID: 21114850 PMCID: PMC3013081 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The proper balance of cell division and cell death is of crucial importance for all kinds of developmental processes and for maintaining tissue homeostasis in mature tissues. Dysregulation of this balance often results in severe pathologies, such as cancer. There is a growing interest in understanding the factors that govern the interplay between cell death and proliferation under various conditions. Survivin and mortalin are genes that are known to be implicated in both mitosis and apoptosis and are often expressed in tumors. Results The present study takes advantage of the ability of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867 (Holothuroidea, Aspidochirota) to discard its viscera and completely regrow them. This visceral regeneration involves an extensive expression of survivin and mortalin transcripts in the gut mesothelium (the outer tissue layer of the digestive tube), which coincides in time with drastic de-differentiation and a burst in cell division and apoptosis. Double labeling experiments (in situ hybridization combined with TUNEL assay or with BrdU immunohistochemistry) suggest that both genes support cell proliferation, while survivin might also be involved in suppression of the programmed cell death. Conclusions Visceral regeneration in the sea cucumber H. glaberrima is accompanied by elevated levels of cell division and cell death, and, moreover, involves expression of pro-cancer genes, such as survivin and mortalin, which are known to support proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Nevertheless, once regeneration is completed and the expression pattern of both genes returns to normal, the regrown digestive tube shows no anomalies. This strongly suggests that sea cucumbers must possess some robust cancer-suppression mechanisms that allow rapid re-growth of the adult tissues without leading to runaway tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Mashanov
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA.
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13
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Weber A, Boger R, Vick B, Urbanik T, Haybaeck J, Zoller S, Teufel A, Krammer PH, Opferman JT, Galle PR, Schuchmann M, Heikenwalder M, Schulze-Bergkamen H. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 triggers proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Hepatology 2010; 51:1226-36. [PMID: 20099303 PMCID: PMC2936921 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Regulation of hepatocellular apoptosis is crucial for liver homeostasis. Increased sensitivity of hepatocytes toward apoptosis results in chronic liver injury, whereas apoptosis resistance is linked to hepatocarcinogenesis and nonresponsiveness to therapy-induced cell death. Recently, we have demonstrated an essential role of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in hepatocyte survival. In mice lacking Mcl-1 specifically in hepatocytes (Mcl-1(Deltahep)), spontaneous apoptosis caused severe liver damage. Here, we demonstrate that chronically increased apoptosis of hepatocytes coincides with strong hepatocyte proliferation resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver cell tumor formation was observed in >50% of Mcl-1(Deltahep) mice already by the age of 8 months, whereas 12-month-old wild-type (wt) and heterozygous Mcl-1(flox/wt) mice lacked tumors. Tumors revealed a heterogenous spectrum ranging from small dysplastic nodules to HCC. The neoplastic nature of the tumors was confirmed by histology, expression of the HCC marker glutamine synthetase and chromosomal aberrations. Liver carcinogenesis in Mcl-1(Deltahep) mice was paralleled by markedly increased levels of Survivin, an important regulator of mitosis which is selectively overexpressed in common human cancers. CONCLUSION This study provides in vivo evidence that increased apoptosis of hepatocytes not only impairs liver homeostasis but is also accompanied by hepatocyte proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Our findings might have implications for understanding apoptosis-related human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weber
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Boger
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - B Vick
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - T Urbanik
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - J Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Zoller
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Teufel
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - PH Krammer
- German Cancer Research Center, Tumor Immunology Program, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - JT Opferman
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - PR Galle
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - M Schuchmann
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - M Heikenwalder
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Schulze-Bergkamen
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
,National Center of Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic of Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic tools and gene carriers in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene Ther 2010; 17:692-708. [PMID: 20220785 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are a source of circulating progenitors that are able to generate cells of all mesenchymal lineages and to cover cellular demands of injured tissues. The extent of their transdifferentiation plasticity remains controversial. Cells with MSC properties have been obtained from diverse tissues after purification and expansion in vitro. These cellular populations are heterogeneous and under certain conditions show pluripotent-like properties. MSCs present immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory features and high migratory capacity toward inflamed or remodeling tissues. In this study we review available data regarding factors and signaling axes involved in the chemoattraction and engraftment of MSCs to an injured tissue or to a tissue undergoing active remodeling. Moreover, experimental evidence in support of uses of MSCs as vehicles of therapeutic genes is discussed. Because of its regenerative capacity and its particular immune properties, the liver is a good model to analyze the potential of MSC-based therapies. Finally, the potential application of MSCs and genetically modified MSCs in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is proposed in view of available evidence.
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Gardner CR, Gray JP, Joseph LB, Cervelli J, Bremer N, Kim Y, Mishin V, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Potential role of caveolin-1 in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245:36-46. [PMID: 20100502 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a membrane scaffolding protein, which functions to regulate intracellular compartmentalization of various signaling molecules. In the present studies, transgenic mice with a targeted disruption of the Cav-1 gene (Cav-1(-/-)) were used to assess the role of Cav-1 in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Treatment of wild-type mice with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) resulted in centrilobular hepatic necrosis and increases in serum transaminases. This was correlated with decreased expression of Cav-1 in the liver. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly attenuated in Cav-1(-/-) mice, an effect that was independent of acetaminophen metabolism. Acetaminophen administration resulted in increased hepatic expression of the oxidative stress marker, lipocalin 24p3, as well as hemeoxygenase-1, but decreased glutathione and superoxide dismutase-1; no differences were noted between the genotypes suggesting that reduced toxicity in Cav-1(-/-) mice is not due to alterations in antioxidant defense. In wild-type mice, acetaminophen increased mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as cyclooxygenase-2, while 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), which generates anti-inflammatory lipoxins, decreased. Acetaminophen-induced changes in MCP-1 and 15-LOX expression were greater in Cav-1(-/-) mice. Although expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a potent hepatocyte mitogen, was up-regulated in the liver of Cav-1(-/-) mice after acetaminophen, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and survivin, markers of cellular proliferation, were delayed, which may reflect the reduced need for tissue repair. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Cav-1 plays a role in promoting inflammation and toxicity during the pathogenesis of acetaminophen-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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