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Kubanov AA, Chikin VV, Karamova AE, Monchakovskaya ES. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa: genotype-phenotype correlations. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2022. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa most commonly results from mutations in theLAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, COL17A1, ITGA6 and ITGB4genes. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by clinical heterogeneity. To date, scientific findings allow to evaluate correlations between the severity of clinical manifestations and genetic defects underlying in the development of the disease. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and RSCI, and keywords including junctional epidermolysis bullosa, laminin 332, collagen XVII, 64 integrin. The review includes description of clinical findings of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, mutation location and types, its impact on protein production and functions. To evaluate the impact of gene mutation on protein functions, this review explores the structure and functions of lamina lucida components, including laminin 332, collagen XVII and 64 integrin, which are frequently associated with the development of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. The correlation between severe types of junctional epidermolysis bullosa and mutations resulting in premature stop codon generation and complete absence of protein expression has been described. Although, genotype-phenotype correlations should be analyzed carefully due to mechanisms which enable to improve protein expression.
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Epidermolysis Bullosa—A Different Genetic Approach in Correlation with Genetic Heterogeneity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061325. [PMID: 35741135 PMCID: PMC9222206 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by mucocutaneous fragility and blister formation after minor friction or trauma. There are four major epidermolysis bullosa types based on the ultrastructural level of tissue cleavage: simplex, junctional, dystrophic, and Kindler epidermolysis bullosa. They are caused by mutations in genes that encode the proteins that are part of the hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion complex. Some of these disorders can be associated with extracutaneous manifestations, which are sometimes fatal. They are inherited in an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in epidermolysis bullosa, and on the correlation genotype–phenotype.
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Anbardar MH, Zeinali S, Farahani RA, Uitto J. Very-Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Patient With Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa With a Homozygous Mutation in the α6 Integrin Gene (ITGA6). Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1865-1869. [PMID: 34525201 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sirous Zeinali
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele A Farahani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Muensterer OJ, Paul NW. Über die Problematik der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung aufgrund von Fallbeschreibungen – ethische Implikationen am Beispiel eines Falls von Carmi Syndrom. Ethik Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00481-020-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungBei extrem seltenen Erkrankungen bilden Fallbeschreibungen oft die einzige Datengrundlage für klinische Entscheidungen. Das Carmi Syndrom ist eine seltene Kombination von Epidermolysis bullosa und Pylorusatresie. Während der Betreuung einer betroffenen Patientin fielen unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungen über die publizierten Mortalitätsraten auf. Daraufhin wurde die Hypothese untersucht, ob sich die kumulativen Mortalitätsraten von Einzelfallbeschreibungen und Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen unterscheiden, um so eine mögliche Verzerrung der Prognose in ihren Auswirkungen auf klinische und ethische Einschätzungen des Falls zu überprüfen.Ein Mädchen wurde in der Schwangerschaftswoche 33 mit Carmi Syndrom geboren. Zusammen mit dem klinischen Ethikkomitee wurden Behandlungsoptionen diskutiert, einschließlich einer palliativen Behandlung oder einer operativen Gastrojejunostomie. Da etwa ein Drittel der in Fallbeschreibungen publizierten Kinder nach einer Operation überlebten, entschieden wir uns auch vor dem Hintergrund unsicherer Prognosen für das chirurgische Vorgehen. Die Patientin starb 4 Wochen später nach multiplen Komplikationen.Die Datenbank PubMed wurde nach Publikationen über Carmi Syndrom durchsucht. Das Outcome von Einzelfallbeschreibungen wurde mit dem von Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen verglichen.Insgesamt wurden 102 Fälle von Carmi Syndrom identifiziert. Die Mortalität bei Einzelfallbeschreibungen belief sich auf 17 von 27 Fällen (63 %), während 62 von 74 Patienten von Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen starben (84 %, p = 0,036).Beim Carmi Syndrom unterscheidet sich die publizierte Mortalität zwischen Einfach- und Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen, möglicherweise aufgrund einer Kombination von Selektions- und Publikationsbias. Die Unterschätzung der tatsächlichen Mortalitätsrate kann zu unangebracht intensiven Therapieansätzen führen. Kliniker und Ethiker sollten daher vorsichtig sein, ihre Entscheidungen bei seltenen oder neuartigen Erkrankungen auf kumulative Erfahrungen von Fallbeschreibungen, insbesondere von Einzelfallbeschreibungen, zu basieren, die positive Verläufe von Behandlungen zu betonen scheinen.
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Mariath LM, Santin JT, Frantz JA, Doriqui MJR, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE. Genotype-phenotype correlations on epidermolysis bullosa with congenital absence of skin: A comprehensive review. Clin Genet 2020; 99:29-41. [PMID: 32506467 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital absence of skin (CAS) is a clinical sign associated with the main types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Very few studies have investigated the genetic background that may influence the occurrence of this condition. Our objective was to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations on EB with CAS through a literature revision on the pathogenic variants previously reported. A total of 171 cases (49 EB simplex, EBS; 23 junctional EB, JEB; and 99 dystrophic EB, DEB), associated with 132 pathogenic variants in eight genes, were included in the genotype-phenotype analysis. In EBS, CAS showed to be a recurrent clinical sign in EBS with pyloric atresia (PA) and EBS associated with kelch-like protein 24; CAS was also described in patients with keratins 5/14 alterations, particularly involving severe phenotypes. In JEB, this is a common clinical sign in JEB with PA associated with premature termination codon variants and/or amino acid substitutions located in the extracellular domain of integrin α6β4 genes. In DEB with CAS, missense variants occurring close to non-collagenous interruptions of the triple-helix domain of collagen VII appear to influence this condition. This study is the largest review of patients with EB and CAS and expands the spectrum of known variants on this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Monteavaro Mariath
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tosetto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Aparecida Frantz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil.,Board of Directors, Debra-Brasil, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Kiszewski
- Section of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Mylonas KS, Hayes M, Ko LN, Griggs CL, Kroshinsky D, Masiakos PT. Clinical outcomes and molecular profile of patients with Carmi syndrome: A systematic review and evidence quality assessment. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1351-1358. [PMID: 29935895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carmi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and pyloric atresia (PA). We reviewed the clinicopathologic and molecular features of patients with Carmi syndrome to identify predictors of clinical outcome and guide surgical PA repair. METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review of PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was performed. RESULTS 63 original studies including a total of 100 patients were included. PA type 1 and 2 were equally prevalent (47.2%, 95% CI: 34.4-60.3). Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty (96%, 95% CI: 78.8-99) and gastroduodenostomy (72%, 95% CI: 52.2-85.9) were the most common type 1 and 2 PA repairs, respectively. Seventy lethal cases were identified (74.5%, 95% CI: 64.8-83.5). Of the 73 patients that received an operation, 49 died (67.1%, 95% CI: 55.7-76.8) and 24 survived (32.9%, 95% CI: 23.2-44.3). Integrin α6β4 expression was absent or markedly reduced in lethal cases. Integrin α6, plectin-1, cephalic integrin β4 (exon 3 to intron 11), and premature termination codon mutations were also associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Although Carmi syndrome typically has poor prognosis, 1 in 4 patients exhibits nonlethal phenotypes. Immunofluorescence mapping and genetic consultation can guide surgical intervention and provide valuable family planning information. EVIDENCE RATING/CLASSIFICATION Prognosis study, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Meaghan Hayes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren N Ko
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cornelia L Griggs
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Kroshinsky
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter T Masiakos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Uitto J. Phenotypic Spectrum of Epidermolysis Bullosa: The Paradigm of Syndromic versus Non-Syndromic Skin Fragility Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:522-527. [PMID: 30393082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heritable forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a phenotypically heterogeneous group of skin fragility disorders, is currently associated with mutations in as many as 21 distinct genes. EB is primarily a disorder affecting the epithelial layers of skin and mucous membranes, without extracutaneous manifestations, and thus is nonsyndromic. However, recent demonstrations of skin blistering in multisystem disorders with single gene defects highlight the concept of syndromic EB. Here, we review the phenotypic and genotypic features of syndromic forms of EB to delineate the concept of syndromic versus nonsyndromic skin fragility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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8
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Masunaga T, Ogawa J, Akiyama M, Nishikawa T, Shimizu H, Ishiko A. Compound heterozygosity for novel splice site mutations of ITGA6 in lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. J Dermatol 2016; 44:160-166. [PMID: 27607025 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (PA-JEB) is a rare congenital bullous disease with gastrointestinal disturbance that has been associated with mutations in ITGA6 or ITGB4 encoding the α6 or β4 subunit of integrin, respectively. Only six ITGA6 mutations in PA-JEB have been reported while many ITGB4 mutations have been identified, and all the ITGA6 mutations were homozygous. Here, we report a case of lethal type PA-JEB, in which immunofluorescence showed the lack of both α6 and β4 integrins resulting from compound heterozygous splice site mutation in ITGA6, c.387G>T and c.2506-1G>C. Maternal c.387G>T induced the skipping of the entire exon 3 and both exons 3 and 4, resulting in premature termination codon and in-frame deletion, respectively. Paternal c.2506-1G>C caused the skipping of the exon 20 and resulted in in-frame deletion. As a reason why the present case showed lethal phenotype despite the in-frame deletion mutation, rapid degradation of neo-synthesized α6 protein and/or impaired transport of integrin were suggested from previous reports, and the lack of localization of integrin α6β4 to the epidermal basement membrane resulted in skin fragility. Our case expands the variety of integrin α6 mutations in PA-JEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Masunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Laboratory, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Ogawa Skin Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeji Nishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Samoncho Dermatological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiko
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Mammadova-Bach E, Zigrino P, Brucker C, Bourdon C, Freund M, De Arcangelis A, Abrams SI, Orend G, Gachet C, Mangin PH. Platelet integrin α6 β1 controls lung metastasis through direct binding to cancer cell-derived ADAM9. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88245. [PMID: 27699237 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of cancer cells, which accounts for 90% of cancer mortality, is the ultimate hallmark of malignancy. Growing evidence suggests that blood platelets have a predominant role in tumor metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that genetic deficiency of integrin α6β1 on platelets markedly decreases experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis. In vitro and in vivo assays reveal that human and mouse platelet α6β1 supports platelet adhesion to various types of cancer cells. Using a knockdown approach, we identified ADAM9 as the major counter receptor of α6β1 on both human and mouse tumor cells. Static and flow-based adhesion assays of platelets binding to DC-9, a recombinant protein covering the disintegrin-cysteine domain of ADAM9, demonstrated that this receptor directly binds to platelet α6β1. In vivo studies showed that the interplay between platelet α6β1 and tumor cell-expressed ADAM9 promotes efficient lung metastasis. The integrin α6β1-dependent platelet-tumor cell interaction induces platelet activation and favors the extravasation process of tumor cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a pharmacological approach targeting α6β1 efficiently impairs tumor metastasis through a platelet-dependent mechanism. Our study reveals a mechanism by which platelets promote tumor metastasis and suggests that integrin α6β1 represents a promising target for antimetastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- UMR-S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Camille Brucker
- UMR-S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Bourdon
- UMR-S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Freund
- UMR-S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adèle De Arcangelis
- U964, INSERM, UMR 7104, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gertaud Orend
- INSERM U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR-S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Henri Mangin
- UMR-S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Smadja DM, Guerin CL, Boscolo E, Bieche I, Mulliken JB, Bischoff J. α6-Integrin is required for the adhesion and vasculogenic potential of hemangioma stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:684-93. [PMID: 24022922 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor of infancy. Hemangioma stem cells (HemSC) are a mesenchymal subpopulation isolated from IH CD133+ cells. HemSC can differentiate into endothelial and pericyte/smooth muscle cells and form vascular networks when injected in immune-deficient mice. α6-Integrin subunit has been implicated in the tumorgenicity of glioblastoma stem cells and the homing properties of hematopoietic, endothelial, and mesenchymal progenitor cells. Therefore, we investigated the possible function(s) of α6-integrin in HemSC. We documented α6-integrin expression in IH tumor specimens and HemSC by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. We examined the effect of blocking or silencing α6-integrin on the adhesive and proliferative properties of HemSC in vitro and the vasculogenic and homing properties of HemSC in vivo. Targeting α6-integrin in cultured HemSC inhibited adhesion to laminin but had no effect on proliferation. Vessel-forming ability in Matrigel implants and hepatic homing after i.v. delivery were significantly decreased in α6-integrin siRNA-transfected HemSC. In conclusion, α6-integrin is required for HemSC adherence to laminin, vessel formation in vivo, and for homing to the liver. Thus, we uncovered an important role for α6 integrin in the vasculogenic properties of HemSC. Our results suggest that α6-integrin expression on HemSC could be a new target for antihemangioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smadja
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Hematology, Paris, France
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11
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Kligys KR, Wu Y, Hopkinson SB, Kaur S, Platanias LC, Jones JCR. α6β4 integrin, a master regulator of expression of integrins in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17975-84. [PMID: 22493440 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three major laminin and collagen-binding integrins in skin (α6β4, α3β1, and α2β1) are involved in keratinocyte adhesion to the dermis and dissemination of skin cells during wound healing and/or tumorigenesis. Knockdown of α6 integrin in keratinocytes not only results in motility defects but also leads to decreased surface expression of the α2, α3, and β4 integrin subunits. Whereas α2 integrin mRNA levels are decreased in α6 integrin knockdown cells, α3 and β4 integrin mRNAs levels are unaffected. Expression of either α6 or α3 integrin in α6 integrin knockdown cells restores α2 integrin mRNA levels. Moreover, re-expression of α6 integrin increases β4 integrin protein at the cell surface, which results in an increase in α3 integrin expression via activation of initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1. Our data indicate that the α6β4 integrin is a master regulator of transcription and translation of other integrin subunits and underscore its pivotal role in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Kligys
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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12
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Al-Gazali L, Ali BR. Mutations of a country: a mutation review of single gene disorders in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Hum Mutat 2010; 31:505-20. [PMID: 20437613 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates inhabitants are ethnically diverse, with ancestries from Arabia, Persia, Baluchistan, and Africa. However, the majority of the current five million inhabitants are expatriates from the Asian subcontinent, Middle Eastern, African, and European countries. Consanguineous marriages within most UAE subpopulations are still the norm, leading to the formation of isolates and higher frequencies of recessive conditions. The UAE is ranked sixth in terms of prevalence of birth defects, with more than 270 genetic disorders reported in the national population. The UAE has high frequencies of blood disorders including thalassemias, sickle cell disease, and G6PD. In addition, certain genetic conditions are relatively common including cystic fibrosis, Joubert, and Meckel syndromes. Furthermore, numerous rare congenital malformations and metabolic disorders have been reported. We review the single gene disorders that have been studied at the molecular level in the UAE (which currently stand at 76) and compile the mutations found. Several novel (p.S2439fs) mutations have been reported including c.7317delA in NF1, c.5C>T (p.A2V) in DKC1, c.1766T>A (p.I589N) in TP63, and c.2117G>T (p.R706L) in VLDLR. We hope that this review will form the basis to establish a UAE mutations database and serve as a model for the collection of mutations of a country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Departments of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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13
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Bouvard C, Gafsou B, Dizier B, Galy-Fauroux I, Lokajczyk A, Boisson-Vidal C, Fischer AM, Helley D. alpha6-integrin subunit plays a major role in the proangiogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1569-75. [PMID: 20508204 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.209163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alpha6 integrin subunit (alpha6) expression is increased by proangiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor. This increase correlates with enhanced in vitro tube formation by endothelial cells and their progenitors called endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). We thus studied the role of alpha6 in vasculogenesis induced by human ECFCs, in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit alpha6 expression on the surface of ECFCs. For in vivo studies, human ECFCs were injected intravenously into a nude mouse model of unilateral hind limb ischemia. Transfection with siRNA alpha6 abrogated neovessel formation and reperfusion of the ischemic hind limb induced by ECFCs (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). It also inhibited ECFC incorporation into the vasculature of the ischemic muscle (P<0.001). In vitro, siRNA alpha6 inhibited ECFC adhesion (P<0.01), pseudotube formation on Matrigel, migration, and AKT phosphorylation (P<0.0001), with no effect on cell proliferation or apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS alpha6 Expression is required for ECFC migration, adhesion, recruitment at the site of ischemia, and the promotion of the postischemic vascular repair. Thus, we have demonstrated a major role of alpha6 in the proangiogenic properties of ECFCs.
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Egles C, Huet HA, Dogan F, Cho S, Dong S, Smith A, Knight EB, McLachlan KR, Garlick JA. Integrin-blocking antibodies delay keratinocyte re-epithelialization in a human three-dimensional wound healing model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10528. [PMID: 20502640 PMCID: PMC2873945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha6beta4 integrin plays a significant role in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis through modulation of growth factor signaling, and is a potentially important therapeutic target. However, alpha6beta4-mediated cell-matrix adhesion is critical in normal keratinocyte attachment, signaling and anchorage to the basement membrane through its interaction with laminin-5, raising potential risks for targeted therapy. Bioengineered Human Skin Equivalent (HSE), which have been shown to mimic their normal and wounded counterparts, have been used here to investigate the consequences of targeting beta4 to establish toxic effects on normal tissue homeostasis and epithelial wound repair. We tested two antibodies directed to different beta4 epitopes, one adhesion-blocking (ASC-8) and one non-adhesion blocking (ASC-3), and determined that these antibodies were appropriately localized to the basal surface of keratinocytes at the basement membrane interface where beta4 is expressed. While normal tissue architecture was not altered, ASC-8 induced a sub-basal split at the basement membrane in non-wounded tissue. In addition, wound closure was significantly inhibited by ASC-8, but not by ASC-3, as the epithelial tongue only covered 40 percent of the wound area at 120 hours post-wounding. These results demonstrate beta4 adhesion-blocking antibodies may have adverse effects on normal tissue, whereas antibodies directed to other epitopes may provide safer alternatives for therapy. Taken together, we conclude that these three-dimensional tissue models provide a biologically relevant platform to identify toxic effects induced by candidate therapeutics, which will allow generation of findings that are more predictive of in vivo responses early in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Egles
- Division of Cancer Biology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Fang IM, Yang CH, Yang CM, Chen MS. Overexpression of integrin α6 and β4 enhances adhesion and proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells on layers of porcine Bruch's membrane. Exp Eye Res 2009; 88:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al-Gazali LI, Alwash R, Abdulrazzaq YM. United Arab Emirates: communities and community genetics. Public Health Genomics 2006; 8:186-96. [PMID: 16113536 DOI: 10.1159/000086764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The UAE society is cosmopolitan, but the indigenous inhabitants are traditional with puritanical values despite their exposure to other vastly different cultures and habits. Marriages between consanguineous couples are still the norm rather than the exception. As a result, there is a high frequency of genetic disorders, particularly autosomal recessive types. Despite the high frequency of genetic disorders like haemoglobinopathies and others characteristically found in this population, genetic services are inadequate. Screening for certain disorders like thalassaemia are not applied on a wide scale. Abortion is illegal, and therefore, prenatal diagnosis or preconception tests are not done. With the absence of a good national database, deficiency of genetic services and absence of preventative alternatives for carrier couples, genetic counsellors find it difficult to advice pragmatic solutions to issues relating to genetic diseases. This paper reviews common genetic problems in the UAE with special emphasis on available genetic services and support to families with children with inherited disorders. Existing barriers to the improvement of clinical services by prenatal counselling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Al-Gazali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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