1
|
White J, Weinstein SA, De Haro L, Bédry R, Schaper A, Rumack BH, Zilker T. Mushroom poisoning: A proposed new clinical classification. Toxicon 2019; 157:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
2
|
Abstract
Approximately 100 of the known species of mushrooms are poisonous to humans. New toxic mushroom species continue to be identified. Some species initially classified as edible are later reclassified as toxic. This results in a continually expanding list of toxic mushrooms. As new toxic species are identified, some classic teachings about mycetism no longer hold true. As more toxic mushrooms are identified and more toxic syndromes are reported, older classification systems fail to effectively accommodate mycetism. This review provides an update of myscetism and classifies mushroom poisonings by the primary organ system affected, permitting expansion, as new, toxic mushroom species are discovered.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Acute Encephalopathy Induced by Intake of Sugihiratake Mushroom in the Patients with Renal Damage Might Be Associated with the Intoxication of Cyanide and Thiocyanate. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2014036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
4
|
National surveillance of influenza-associated encephalopathy in Japan over six years, before and during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54786. [PMID: 23355899 PMCID: PMC3552950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is a serious complication of influenza and is reported most frequently in Japan. This paper presents an assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) 2009-associated encephalopathy in comparison to seasonal IAE, based on Japanese national surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) and IAE during flu seasons from 2004–2005 through 2009–2010. In each season before the pandemic, 34–55 IAE cases (mean 47.8; 95% confidence interval: 36.1–59.4) were reported, and these cases increased drastically to 331 during the 2009 pandemic (6.9-fold the previous seasons). Of the 331 IAE cases, 322 cases were reported as influenza A (H1N1) 2009-associated encephalopathy. The peaks of IAE were consistent with the peaks of the influenza epidemics and pandemics. A total of 570 cases of IAE (seasonal A, 170; seasonal B, 50; influenza A (H1N1) 2009, 322; unknown, 28) were reported over six seasons. The case fatality rate (CFR) ranged from 4.8 to 18.2% before the pandemic seasons and 3.6% in the 2009 pandemic season. The CFR of pandemic-IAE was 3.7%, which is lower than that of influenza A−/B-associated encephalopathy (12.9%, p<0.001; 14.0%, p = 0.002; respectively). The median age of IAE was 7 years during the pandemic, which is higher than that of influenza A−/B-associated encephalopathy (4, p<0.001; 4.5, p = 0.006; respectively). However, the number of pandemic-IAE cases per estimated ILI outpatients peaked in the 0–4-year age group and data both before and during the pandemic season showed a U-shape pattern. This suggests that the high incidence of influenza infection in the 0–4 year age group may lead to a high incidence of IAE in the same age group in a future influenza season. Further studies should include epidemiologic case definitions and clinical details of IAE to gain a more accurate understanding of the epidemiologic status of IAE.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Nishikawa A, Inoue T, Umemura T, Inoue K, Yoshida M, Sekita K, Ishii Y, Ogawa K, Hirose A, Takagi A, Tsutsumi T, Ohno Y, Shibutani M, Takahashi M, Sugita-Konishi Y, Akiyama H, Kanno J. [Current topics in biological safety tests on foods, food additives and contaminants]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2011; 51:415-43. [PMID: 21228533 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- National Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Obara K, Wada C, Yoshioka T, Enomoto K, Yagishita S, Toyoshima I. Acute encephalopathy associated with ingestion of a mushroom, Pleurocybella porrigens (angel's wing), in a patient with chronic renal failure. Neuropathology 2008; 28:151-6. [PMID: 18366348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2007.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The authors report an autopsy case of acute encephalopathy in which generalized convulsion and coma occurred after ingestion of Pleurocybella porrigens (angel's wing mushroom). The patient was a 65-year-old man who had undergone hemodialysis for 3 months due to chronic renal failure. Pathologic examination of the brain revealed extensive postinfarction-like cystic necrosis in the bilateral putamens and multiple spotty necroses in the deep cerebral and cerebellar cortices. In 2004, similar acute encephalopathy related to ingestion of the mushroom was endemic in Japan, the pathogenesis of which remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Obara
- Department of Neurology and Medical Education Center, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Several new mushroom poisoning syndromes have been described since the early 1990s. In these syndromes, the onset of symptoms generally occurs >6 hours after ingestion. Treatment is mainly supportive. The syndrome induced by Amanita smithiana/proxima consists of acute tubulopathy, which appears earlier and does not have the same poor prognosis as the orellanine-induced syndrome. It has been described since 1992 in the US and Canada with A. smithiana; in France, Spain and Italy with A. proxima; and in Japan with A. pseudoporphyria. The responsible toxin is probably 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid. The erythromelalgia syndrome has been described as early as the late 19th century in Japan and South Korea with Clitocybe acromelalga, and since 1996 in France and then Italy with C. amoenolens. Responsible toxins are probably acromelic acids identified in both species. Several cases of massive rhabdomyolysis have been reported since 1993 in France and 2001 in Poland after ingestion of large amounts of an edible and, until then, valuable species called Tricholoma equestre. These cases of rhabdomyolysis are associated with respiratory and cardiac (myocarditis) complications leading to death. Rhabdomyolysis with an apparently different mechanism was described in Taiwan in 2001 with Russula subnigricans. Finally, cases of encephalopathy were observed twice after ingestion of Hapalopilus rutilans in Germany in 1992 and Pleurocybella porrigens in Japan in 2004, where a convulsive encephalopathy outbreak was reported in patients with history of chronic renal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Saviuc
- Toxicologie clinique et Toxicovigilance, Centre Hospitalier Universitaine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nomoto T, Seta T, Nomura K, Shikama Y, Katagiri T, Katsura KI, Kato T, Katayama Y. A Case of Reversible Encephalopathy Accompanied by Demyelination Occurring after Ingestion of Sugihiratake Mushrooms. J NIPPON MED SCH 2007; 74:261-4. [PMID: 17625378 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.74.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an outbreak of acute encephalopathy associated with Sugihiratake mushroom ingestion has been reported in northern Japan. Patients with chronic kidney diseases are thought to be at risk for severe encephalopathy following Sugihiratake mushroom ingestion. We report a case of encephalopathy associated with Sugihiratake mushroom ingestion in a patient with diabetic nephropathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed discriminative intensity in the medial temporal lobe, claustrum, and insula cortex bilaterally. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed mildly elevated protein and marked elevation of myelin basic protein without pleocytosis. Twenty-five days after admission, these signal-intensity changes had markedly improved, and the patient was discharged without sequelae. Although the exact mechanism of this acute encephalopathy remains undetermined, demyelination is believed to be a possible associated pathological change. In cases of encephalopathy of undetermined cause with distinct magnetic resonance findings, Sugihiratake mushroom intoxication should be considered in areas where ingestion of this mushroom is common.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nomoto
- Department of Neurology, Kitamurayama Public Hospital, Yamagata, Higashine-shi, Yamagata, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amakura Y, Kondo K, Akiyama H, Ito H, Hatano T, Yoshida T, Maitani T. Characteristic long-chain fatty acid of Pleurocybella porrigens. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2006; 47:178-81. [PMID: 16984039 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.47.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As part of an investigation on the chemical constituents and contaminants of the basidiomycete Pleurocybella porrigens (Japanese name: Sugihiratake), we analyzed the UV-detected constituents of this mushroom using HPLC. One of the major UV peaks detected was isolated and identified as a-eleostearic acid, a long-chain fatty acid with a conjugated triene moiety, based on the results of spectroscopic methods. alpha-Eleostearic acid was concluded to be a characteristic fatty acid of P. porrigens, because it was not detected in eight other edible mushrooms examined. Free long-chain fatty acids in P. porrigens and other edible mushrooms were analyzed by HPLC after derivatization with acidic 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid in P. porrigens, and saturated long-chain fatty acids such as linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, together with a-eleostearic acid, were also detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Amakura
- National Institute of Health Sciences: 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amakura Y, Kondo K, Akiyama H, Ito H, Hatano T, Yoshida T, Maitani T. Conjugated ketonic fatty acids from Pleurocybella porrigens. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1213-5. [PMID: 16880674 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three novel conjugated long-chain fatty acids (1-3) were obtained from aqueous methanol extracts of Pleurocybella porrigens together with nine known constituents including (8E,10E)-7,12-dioxo-8,10-octadecadienoic acid (ostopanic acid) (4). The structures of the new fatty acids were characterized as (14RS)-(10E,12E)-14-hydroxy-9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (1), (12RS)-(8E,10E)-12-hydroxy-7-oxo-8,10-octadecadienoic acid (2), and (10E,12E)-9,14-dioxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (3) by spectroscopic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Amakura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gejo F, Narita I. [Encephalopathy of unknown etiology with suspected involvement of Pleurocybella porrigens (Pers.:Fr.) Sing. 2. Pleurocybella porrigens-encephalopathy clustering among patients with kidney failure]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2006; 95:1310-5. [PMID: 16893027 DOI: 10.2169/naika.95.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
|
13
|
Kawanami T. [Encephalopathy of unknown etiology with suspected involvement of Pleurocybella porrigens. 4. From the viewpoint of brain imaging and neuropathology]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 95:1323-7. [PMID: 16893029 DOI: 10.2169/naika.95.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
14
|
Sasaki H, Akiyama H, Yoshida Y, Kondo K, Amakura Y, Kasahara Y, Maitani T. Sugihiratake Mushroom (Angel's Wing Mushroom)-Induced Cryptogenic Encephalopathy may Involve Vitamin D Analogues. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:2514-8. [PMID: 17142993 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In autumn 2004, many Japanese patients with renal failure developed cryptogenic encephalopathy by consuming sugihiratake mushroom, a Japanese delicacy. To elucidate the relationship between the cryptogenic cases and this mushroom, we conducted a multivariate analysis of metabolites in 'Probably Toxic' sugihiratake collected from the area of encephalopathy outbreaks, and 'Probably Safe' sugihiratake collected from unaffected areas using UPLC/ToF MS. The results indicate that the presence of milligram quantities of vitamin D-like compounds per 10 g of dried sugihiratake from the areas of encephalopathy outbreaks. Two hypotheses to induce the encephalopathy are proposed: the found metabolites are (1) vitamin D agonists, which induce acute and severe hypercalcemia and/or hyperammonemia and/or vitamin D toxicity, or (2) vitamin D antagonists, which induce acute and severe hypocalcemia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Akiyama H, Toida T, Sakai S, Amakura Y, Kondo K, Sugita-Konishi Y, Maitani T. Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate in Sugihiratake Mushroom Using HPLC Method with Fluorometric Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Shinobu Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|