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Mamgain G, Patra P, Naithani M, Nath UK. The Role of Microbiota in the Development of Cancer Tumour Cells and Lymphoma of B and T Cells. Cureus 2021; 13:e19047. [PMID: 34853760 PMCID: PMC8608681 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body harbours enormous numbers of microbial organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi which have a momentous role in well-being and illness in humans. Immune system shelters us from pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms found in human tissues have many benefits related to the functional movement of the host by regulating important procedures such as immunity, signalling, and breakdown. Lymphocytes assume a significant part in the reaction to bacterial colonization, primarily by prompting a safe reaction to obstruction or initiation. Most immunologically occupant cells have a place with the mucosal invulnerable framework and are continually motioned by dendritic cells or other Antigen introducing cells that gather intestinal samples. Thus, Microbiome is a key contributor to developing lymphoma and specific alterations to microbiome composition could attenuate the risk. There is an indication that microbial morphology can affect and control humanoids. The difference in the composition of these microorganisms is associated with tumour development. With the increased knowledge of the connection among the human microbiome and carcinogenesis, the use of these findings to prevent, predict or diagnose of lymphomas has attracted a great attention. In this article, we explored current knowledge of various microbial ecosystems, their connection with carcinogens and the potential for useful microorganisms to control and prevent B and T cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Mamgain
- Medical Oncology and Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Priyanka Patra
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Biochemistry & Advanced Center of Continuous Professional Development, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Uttam Kumar Nath
- Medical Oncology and Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
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Tsukadaira T, Hayashi S, Ota H, Kobayashi N, Sekiguchi Y, Kodaira H, Matsumoto T, Horiuchi K, Negishi T, Kurahashi M. Acute gastric mucosal lesions caused by acute infection of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter: a case report. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12814. [PMID: 33977610 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) is not widely recognized as a cause of acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML), as only a few cases of AGML caused by NHPH have been reported. We present here one case and examine the species and eradication of NHPH together with the three previously reported cases. CASE PRESENTATION A 52-year-old woman presented with a two-day history of severe epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed mucosal edema, multiple erosions, and ulcerations in the antrum. Biopsy specimens taken from the antrum revealed long spiral-shaped organisms, suggesting NHPH. As both serum anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody and H. pylori stool antigen test were negative, this case was diagnosed as AGML caused by NHPH. After the administration of esomeprazole 20 mg for 14 days and the interval of the following 12 days, AGML was deemed to have been cured endoscopically. In addition, microscopic examination and PCR analysis confirmed the success of NHPH eradication. CONCLUSIONS NHPH should be considered a probable cause of AGML in cases that are not attributed to the other causes already recognized. Taking probability of spontaneous eradication into consideration, it is appropriate to start eradication therapy after confirming the chronicity of NHPH infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gumma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Negishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mari Kurahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane, Japan
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3
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Kawakubo M, Horiuchi K, Komura H, Sato Y, Kato M, Ikeyama M, Fukushima M, Yamada S, Ishizone S, Matsumoto T, Ota H, Sagara J, Nakayama J. Cloning of Helicobacter suis cholesterol α-glucosyltransferase and production of an antibody capable of detecting it in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gastric tissue sections. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:463-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Woods SE, Ek C, Shen Z, Feng Y, Ge Z, Muthupalani S, Whary MT, Fox JG. Male Syrian Hamsters Experimentally Infected with Helicobacter spp. of the H. bilis Cluster Develop MALT-Associated Gastrointestinal Lymphomas. Helicobacter 2016; 21:201-17. [PMID: 26348390 PMCID: PMC4783298 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aged hamsters naturally infected with novel Helicobacter spp. classified in the H. bilis cluster develop hepatobiliary lesions and typhlocolitis. METHODS To determine whether enterohepatic H. spp. contribute to disease, Helicobacter-free hamsters were experimentally infected with H. spp. after suppression of intestinal bacteria by tetracycline treatment of dams and pups. After antibiotic withdrawal, weanlings were gavaged with four H. bilis-like Helicobacter spp. isolated from hamsters or H. bilis ATCC 43879 isolated from human feces and compared to controls (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Helicobacter bilis 43879-dosed hamsters were necropsied at 33 weeks postinfection (WPI) due to the lack of detectable infection by fecal PCR; at necropsy, 5 of 7 were weakly PCR positive but lacked intestinal lesions. The remaining hamsters were maintained for ~95 WPI; chronic H. spp. infection in hamsters (6/7) was confirmed by PCR, bacterial culture, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and ELISA. Hamsters had mild-to-moderate typhlitis, and three of the male H. spp.-infected hamsters developed small intestinal lymphoma, in contrast to one control. Of the three lymphomas in H. spp.-infected hamsters, one was a focal ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma, while the other two were multicentric small intestinal large B-cell lymphomas involving both the MALT and extra-MALT mucosal sites with lymphoepithelial lesions. The lymphoma in the control hamster was a diffuse small intestinal lymphoma with a mixed population of T and B cells. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest persistent H. spp. infection may augment risk for gastrointestinal MALT origin lymphomas. This model is consistent with H. pylori/heilmannii-associated MALT lymphoma in humans and could be further utilized to investigate the mechanisms of intestinal lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Woods
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Ek
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark T Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kobayashi M, Yamamoto K, Ogiwara N, Matsumoto T, Shigeto S, Ota H. Helicobacter heilmannii-like organism in parietal cells: A diagnostic pitfall. Pathol Int 2015; 66:120-2. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Kaori Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology; Marunouchi Hospital; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Naoko Ogiwara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Shinshu University Hospital; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Shinshu University Hospital; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Seiko Shigeto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Shinshu University Hospital; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences; Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
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Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is an indolent lymphoma arising in extranodal sites. Several infectious agents and autoimmune disorders have been implicated in its pathogenesis. The stomach represents the most common and best-studied organ involved by MALT lymphoma and its development is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. MALT lymphomas are characterized by an indolent clinical course and excellent survival in most cases, independently of the treatment delivered. Recent progress in the knowledge of the etiology and the cellular and molecular pathological events related to MALT lymphomas allowed us to improve our clinical understanding of this disease entity and to better define treatment strategies.
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation. Our immune system protects us from pathogenic microbes at the same time that our bodies are host to trillions of microbes, symbionts, mutualists, and some that are essential to human health. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain bacteria. Animal models have played an important role in elucidating the causation and establishing the mechanism of bacteria-induced mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In this review, we discuss different ways that animal models have been applied to investigate links between the gut microbiota and lymphoma and have helped to reveal the mechanisms of microbiota-induced lymphoma. Although there is a paucity of published studies demonstrating the interplay between the microbiota and lymphoma development, we believe that the connection is real and that it can be exploited in the future to enhance our understanding of causation and to improve the prognosis and treatment of lymphoma.
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Bento-Miranda M, Figueiredo C. Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato: An overview of the infection in humans. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17779-17787. [PMID: 25548476 PMCID: PMC4273128 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato (H. heilmannii s.l.) is a group of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species that are morphologically indistinguishable from each other. H. heilmannii s.l. infect the stomach of several animals and may have zoonotic potential. Although the prevalence of these infections in humans is low, they are associated with gastric pathology, including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, making them a significant health issue. Here, the taxonomy, epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections will be reviewed. The gastric pathology associated with H. heilmannii s.l. infections in humans will also be addressed. Finally, the features of the complete bacterial genomes available and studies on species-specific pathogenesis will be reviewed. The understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric disease development mediated by the different bacterial species that constitute H. heilmannii s.l. is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of these infections.
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Yamamoto ML, Schiestl RH. Lymphoma caused by intestinal microbiota. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9038-49. [PMID: 25257357 PMCID: PMC4199005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must constantly communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation: on the one hand, our immune system should protect us from pathogenic microbes and on the other hand, most of the millions of microbes in and on our body are innocuous symbionts and some can even be beneficial. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain bacteria. Animal models played an important role in establishing causation and mechanism of bacteria-induced MALT lymphoma. In this review we discuss different ways that animal models have been applied to establish a link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma and how animal models have helped to elucidate mechanisms of microbiota-induced lymphoma. While there are not a plethora of studies demonstrating a connection between microbiota and lymphoma development, we believe that animal models are a system which can be exploited in the future to enhance our understanding of causation and improve prognosis and treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko L Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Environmental Health and Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Robert H Schiestl
- Department of Pathology, Environmental Health and Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Matsumoto T, Kawakubo M, Akamatsu T, Koide N, Ogiwara N, Kubota S, Sugano M, Kawakami Y, Katsuyama T, Ota H. Helicobacter heilmannii sensu stricto-related gastric ulcers: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3376-3382. [PMID: 24695914 PMCID: PMC3964410 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A spiral bacterium (SH9), morphologically different from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), was found in a 62-year-old woman’s gastric mucosa. Gastroscopic examination revealed multiple gastric ulcers near the pyloric ring; mapping gastric biopsy showed mild mononuclear infiltration with large lymphoid follicles in the antrum, without corpus atrophy. Urea breath test and H. pylori culture were negative, but Giemsa staining of biopsies revealed tightly coiled bacteria that immunostained with anti-H. pylori antibody. Sequencing of SH9 16S rRNA and the partial urease A and B subunit genes showed that the former sequence had highest similarity (99%; 1302/1315 bp) to Helicobacter heilmannii (H. heilmannii) sensu stricto (H. heilmannii s.s.) BC1 obtained from a bobcat, while the latter sequence confirmed highest similarity (98.3%; 1467/1493 bp) to H. heilmannii s.s. HU2 obtained from a human. The patient was diagnosed with multiple gastric ulcers associated with H. heilmannii s.s. infection. After triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and lansoprazole) with regimen for eradicating H. pylori, gastroscopy showed ulcer improvement and no H. heilmannii s.s. upon biopsy.
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Thieblemont C, Bertoni F, Copie-Bergman C, Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M. Chronic inflammation and extra-nodal marginal-zone lymphomas of MALT-type. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 24:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhang G, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, D’Herde K, Huang L, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Effects of Helicobacter suis γ-glutamyl transpeptidase on lymphocytes: modulation by glutamine and glutathione supplementation and outer membrane vesicles as a putative delivery route of the enzyme. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77966. [PMID: 24147103 PMCID: PMC3797756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis colonizes the stomach of the majority of pigs as well as a minority of humans worldwide. Infection causes chronic inflammation in the stomach of the host, however without an effective clearance of the bacteria. Currently, no information is available about possible mechanisms H. suis utilizes to interfere with the host immune response. This study describes the effect on various lymphocytes of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) from H. suis. Compared to whole cell lysate from wild-type H. suis, lysate from a H. suis ggt mutant strain showed a decrease of the capacity to inhibit Jurkat T cell proliferation. Incubation of Jurkat T cells with recombinantly expressed H. suis GGT resulted in an impaired proliferation, and cell death was shown to be involved. A similar but more pronounced inhibitory effect was also seen on primary murine CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD19(+) B cells. Supplementation with known GGT substrates was able to modulate the observed effects. Glutamine restored normal proliferation of the cells, whereas supplementation with reduced glutathione strengthened the H. suis GGT-mediated inhibition of proliferation. H. suis GGT treatment abolished secretion of IL-4 and IL-17 by CD4(+) T cells, without affecting secretion of IFN-γ. Finally, H. suis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were identified as a possible delivery route of H. suis GGT to lymphocytes residing in the deeper mucosal layers. Thus far, this study is the first to report that the effects on lymphocytes of this enzyme, not only important for H. suis metabolism but also for that of other Helicobacter species, depend on the degradation of two specific substrates: glutamine and reduced glutatione. This will provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of H. suis infection in particular and infection with gastric helicobacters in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katharina D’Herde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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A case of Helicobacter heilmannii-associated primary gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma achieving complete remission after eradication. Clin J Gastroenterol 2013; 6:38-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-012-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Smet A, Flahou B, Mukhopadhya I, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Hold GL. The other Helicobacters. Helicobacter 2011; 16 Suppl 1:70-5. [PMID: 21896089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The last year has seen an interesting and important collection of evidence presented in the field of the "other" than Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters. Associations with adult ulcerative colitis and biliary/hepatic disease have been described. New insights into the immune response and subsequent pathogenesis associated with infection have also been published. Genomic advances include description of new and unique species and the complete genome description for both Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter suis. Molecular studies have also elucidated the mechanism of action of some functional components of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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