Perianal Paget's disease years after rectal adenocarcinoma removal

Perianal Paget's disease: presentation of six cases and literature review

PURPOSE

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is frequently associated with adnexal or visceral synchronous or metachronous malignancies. Our purpose was to evaluate, retrospectively, the results obtained in six cases of EMPD and to review the literature.

METHODS

Six patients with the perianal Paget's disease had been treated in our division between March 1996 and December 2006. In three cases, the disease was confined in the epidermis; in one case, there was a microinvasion of the dermis, while in another one the dermis was infiltrated. The last case was associated to a low rectal adenocarcinoma. All patients underwent wide perianal excision and reconstruction with skin graft. We performed a transanal resection of the rectal adenocarcinoma. A review of the literature from 1990 to 2008 revealed 193 cases of perianal EMPD, 112 were intraepithelial/intradermal while 81 were associated with malignancies. Anorectal adenocarcinoma was already existing in two cases, synchronous in 48, and subsequent to diagnosis in 11.

RESULTS

In three cases, the disease recurred locally, but no patient developed metastatic spread. Five patients survived and are free of disease. The review of the literature allows a clear identification of the primitive EMPD and the form associated to anorectal adenocarcinoma and little information about cases associated with synchronous adnexal adenocarcinoma. The Paget's disease can relapse after radical surgery and has a capacity of metastatic spread.

CONCLUSIONS

Up to now, no clear guidelines have been established for the diagnosis of EMPD. The association with synchronous or metachronous carcinomas imposes a long-term follow-up with frequent clinical, radiological, and endoscopical controls.

Radiotherapy for perianal Paget's disease

The role of radiotherapy in the management of perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is not well defined in clinical practice or within the medical literature. We present 6 cases, document the radiotherapy details and review our results. A comprehensive literature search has been undertaken attempting to identify all published cases of PPD and survey the number receiving radiotherapy. To further define the role for radiotherapy in PPD these cases have been reviewed. Published results are sporadic and often poorly documented with respect to technical radiotherapy details. Two main roles for radiotherapy in PPD were found. One is as primary treatment for in situ or invasive disease and the other is following surgical relapse of in-situ or invasive disease. Other possible uses of radiotherapy in PPD such as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment or chemo-radiotherapy are discussed. Results of radiotherapy treatment for case of in situ and invasive disease are presented. We disagree with the view in some areas of the surgical literature that radiotherapy has no place in the management of the disease. Despite a thorough surveying of the literature however, precise recommendations on several areas of the technical radiotherapy treatment such as dose-fractionation schedules and field margins are difficult because of the small number of cases and poor general documentation. Our practice recommendations are presented. Radiotherapists should be encouraged to publish their experience in this disease to help define further a role for this treatment.