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Ramot Y, Vazana U, Cacical O, Nyska A. Safety and efficacy of a novel robotic, fractional micro-coring device in a swine model. J Toxicol Pathol 2023; 36:11-19. [PMID: 36683728 PMCID: PMC9837470 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser resurfacing may be accompanied by unwanted side effects. The micro coring technology, designed to remove small skin columns, was developed to avoid the thermal injury associated with lasers. However, very limited data are available on its pre-clinical efficacy and safety. The novel robotic, fractional micro-coring device, AimeTM, was tested on four pigs, each treated in 12 sites, at 6 time-points, over the course of 28 days. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation was performed at each of the 6 time-points during the 28-day follow-up. Macroscopically, treatment resulted in erythema and mild edema that quickly resolved. Microscopically, there was progressive re-coverage of the tested sites with complete, well differentiated, newly formed epidermis, associated with efficient elimination of the underlying excised dermis, which was replaced by maturing fibroplasia. Some of the sites demonstrated complete healing already after 7 days. No significant adverse events were noted with the use of the device. The use of the micro-coring device AimeTM in a porcine model for skin fractional micro-excision and resurfacing was effective and safe. The comprehensive gradual healing process shown in this study with detailed histopathological images can also serve as a basis for future pre-clinical studies of fractional ablative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Campus
Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel,Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Campus
Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | | | | | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Yehuda HaMaccabi 31,
Tel Aviv 6200515, Israel, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel,*Corresponding author: A Nyska (e-mail: )
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Wang JV, Friedman PM, Johnson J, Konda A, Keator L, Geronemus RG. Key Parameters of Non-ablative Fractional Laser Pretreatments for Enhanced Topical Uptake. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3803-3808. [PMID: 35841215 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake of topical formulations can be enhanced through laser pretreatments. Newer technologies, such as non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFLs), can target dermal tissues and spare the stratum corneum (SC), which can mitigate common side effects associated with ablative laser treatment. OBJECTIVE To discuss parameters of 2 NAFL pretreatment systems (1440-nm/1927-nm diode system or 1550-nm erbium-doped glass/1927-nm thulium system), which can be paired with topicals to improve their cutaneous uptake. METHODS & MATERIALS The parameters of the 1440-nm/1927-nm diode system and 1550-nm erbium-doped glass/1927-nm thulium system were reviewed, as well as in-vivo experiments using both laser systems. RESULTS Multiple parameters should be optimized to enhance the uptake of various topical formulations and minimize side effects, including wavelength, spot size, density, pulse duration, thermal properties, and topical formulation. Chosen therapeutic parameters must account for patient-specific factors, such as treatment indication, therapeutic area, and Fitzpatrick skin type. In-vivo experiments have demonstrated that both laser systems are effective in enhancing the uptake of various topical therapies relative to untreated controls. CONCLUSION Individualization of laser system parameters increases efficiency and minimizes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan V Wang
- Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York, New York, NY
| | - Paul M Friedman
- Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York, New York, NY.,Dermatology and Laser Surgery Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Adarsh Konda
- Bausch Health US, LLC, Bridgewater, NJ; 5Solta Medical, Bothell, WA
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Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Morphea: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153409. [PMID: 34362192 PMCID: PMC8347526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphea, also known as localized scleroderma (LoS), comprises a set of autoimmune sclerotic skin diseases. It is characterized by inflammation and limited thickening and induration of the skin; however, in some cases, deeper tissues might also be involved. Although morphea is not considered a life-threatening disease, the apparent cosmetic disfigurement, functional or psychosocial impairment affects multiple fields of patients’ quality of life. Therapy for LoS is often unsatisfactory with numerous treatments that have only limited effectiveness or considerable side effects. Due to the advances in the application of lasers and their possible beneficial effects, the aim of this study is to review the reported usage of laser in morphea. We present a systematic review of available literature, performed with MEDLINE, Cinahl, Central, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. We identified a total of twenty relevant studies (MEDLINE n = 10, Cinahl n = 1, Central n = 0, Scopus n = 2, Web of Science n = 5, Google Scholar n = 2) using laser therapy for LoS. Eight studies were focused on the use of PDL, six on fractional lasers (CO2 and Er:YAG), four on excimer, and two on either alexandrite or Nd:YAG.
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Tarek E, Mostafa WZ, Allam RSHM, El-Samanoudy SI, Saadi DG. Short-pulsed and Q-switched ND-YAG laser with topical carbon versus fractional CO 2 laser in the treatment of enlarged facial pores: A split-face comparative study. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:237-244. [PMID: 34255869 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the efficacy and safety of topical carbon plus short-pulsed and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser to fractional carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser in improving the appearance of wide facial pores. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Egyptian patients with wide facial pores were treated in a split-face manner with two sessions of fractional CO2 laser on one side of the face and topical carbon followed by short-pulsed and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser on the other side at 4-week intervals. Clinical evaluation by Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), patient satisfaction level, and photography before treatment and 1 month after the second laser session was performed and adverse effects were monitored. Dermoscopic evaluation by dermoscopy pore score and optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation by surface irregularities score were performed at baseline and 1-month posttreatment. RESULTS One month after treatment, both modalities produced significant reduction in IGA score, dermoscopy pore score, and surface irregularities by OCT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Both procedures were well-tolerated. There was no significant difference in IGA, dermoscopy pore score, surface irregularities score by OCT, adverse effects or patient satisfaction level between both treated sides. CONCLUSION Fractional CO2 laser and topical carbon application followed by short-pulsed and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser can be safely and effectively used to improve the appearance of wide facial pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Tarek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wedad Z Mostafa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham S H M Allam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dina G Saadi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Pahnke F, Peckruhn M, Elsner P. [Pre- and post-interventional skin care for laser and peel treatments]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:384-392. [PMID: 33763749 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Treating the signs of skin ageing or acne scars by chemical peels or ablative lasers is increasingly used worldwide. Due to their reduced invasiveness, these methods are often favored over aesthetic surgical interventions. Both procedures rely on the principle of controlled damage to the skin. The subsequent regeneration may lead to the development of new epidermal (and dermal) tissue and therefore improve the skin's aesthetic appearance. At present, there are no official guidelines in Germany concerning pre- and post-interventional skin care, which is currently based on the personal experiences and evaluations of the practitioner. It is known that an appropriate treatment regime can improve the outcome and reduces downtime pre- and post-laser as well as pre- and post-peel. The aim of this article is to present the different possibilities of pre- and post-interventional care. In most cases, priming includes intense ultraviolet (UV) protection, topical retinoids as well as skin brightening agents, and occasionally oral herpes simplex prophylaxis. In order to support post-interventional wound healing, skin care should modulate inflammation and balance skin hydration. In addition to light moisturizers, broad spectrum UV protection as well as the avoidance of sports and sweating are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pahnke
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - M Peckruhn
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| | - P Elsner
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
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6
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Sitohang IBS, Sirait SAP, Suryanegara J. Microneedling in the treatment of atrophic scars: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Int Wound J 2021; 18:577-585. [PMID: 33538106 PMCID: PMC8450803 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, treatment of atrophic acne scars remains a therapeutic challenge for dermatologists, yet there is no standard option on the most effective treatment. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive technology that involves repetitive skin puncture using sterile microneedles to disrupt dermal collagen that connects the scar tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated the potency of MN, such as dermaroller and fractionated microneedle radiofrequency, in the treatment of atrophic scars. The objective of this review is to evaluate systematically the current literature on MN for atrophic acne scars. A systematic search of literature was performed from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar databases for articles published during the last 20 years. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with full‐text version of the manuscript available were included in our study. Nine RCTs were included in this review. All treatment modalities demonstrated consistent results that MN was efficacious in treating atrophic acne scars as a monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. Moreover, no serious adverse effects were reported in all studies after MN treatment. MN is a well‐tolerated and effective therapeutic modality in treating atrophic acne scars. Further research is required to validate the efficacy of MN with a larger sample size and lengthy follow‐up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Bernadette S Sitohang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sondang Aemilia Pandjaitan Sirait
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jose Suryanegara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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7
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Rasheed AI, Shawki SR, Mostafa RG, Sharara MA. A comparative clinical and histopathological pilot study of different fractional CO 2 laser parameters in treatment of atrophic linear scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:116-123. [PMID: 32416611 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophic scars cause significant patient morbidity. Fractional photothermolysis is one of the most effective treatment options used to resurface scars of different etiologies. AIMS To assess the efficacy and safety of different fractional ablative CO2 laser parameters in treatment of linear atrophic depressed post-traumatic facial scars in adult male patients. METHODS A prospective pilot study of 20 adult male patients (skin types Π- Ⅳ, aged 18-45) with post-traumatic atrophic linear scars were divided into 2 groups each comprising 10 patients receiving different fractional CO2 laser parameters. Both groups received 3 laser sessions, one month apart, and were followed for 2 months after the last treatment session. Clinical and histological assessments were done to all patients before treatment and 2 months after the last treatment session. Also, patient satisfaction and side effects were recorded. RESULTS The study showed statistically significant reduction in average scar volume in both groups (P < .01), with reduction in depth more obvious than reduction in width or length in both groups. There was a highly significant difference in overall scar improvement represented by scar volume between both groups (P < .01) with an average reduction in scar volume of 42.85% in group (a) compared with 35.29% in group (b). Also, there was a highly statistically significant increase in both epidermal and papillary and reticular dermis thickness in both groups after treatment. However, the difference between both groups was nonsignificant. Side effects were mild, well tolerated, and transient. CONCLUSION Fractional CO2 laser can be utilized as a safe and effective modality in treatment of post-traumatic linear atrophic scars of the face. Adjusting parameters toward increasing depth of penetration and decreasing thermal coagulative effect gives better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad I Rasheed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rabab G Mostafa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Sharara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cai B, Luo C, Li D, Wang S, Sun Z, Luo S. Improvement of Surgical Scars by Early Intervention With Carbon Dioxide Fractional Laser. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:137-148. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Chengen Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Dongni Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Suijiang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
| | - Sheng‐Kang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General Hospital466 Middle Xin Gang Road Guangzhou City Guangdong Province 510317 China
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Arsiwala SZ, Desai SR. Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser: Optimizing Treatment Outcomes for Pigmented Atrophic Acne Scars in Skin of Color. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2019; 12:85-94. [PMID: 31413476 PMCID: PMC6676816 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_171_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark skin type has high propensity to acne scarring and is often complicated by persistent erythema or pigmentation at the base. Fractional lasers are available for the longest period and are able to improve most atrophic acne scars. Often pigmented scar bases and dark skin types limit the use of aggressive laser parameters. Long pulse mode is preferred over short pulse to prevent epidermal damage; low fluence is chosen versus high fluence and low density versus high density. Repeated treatments are needed to minimize complications and optimize results; all these must be achieved through a controlled stage of inflammation. Interventional priming with chemical peels and laser toning before ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser helps to reduce photodamage, recent tan, and pigment at scar base, thus minimizing the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Multiple recent literature evidence validates the combinations to optimize outcomes in atrophic acne scars as discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Z Arsiwala
- Renewderm-Skin Hair Lasers Aesthetics Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swasti R Desai
- Consultant dermatologist, Janta hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India
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10
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Ku G, Huang Q, Wen X, Ye J, Piwnica-Worms D, Li C. Spatial and Temporal Confined Photothermolysis of Cancer Cells Mediated by Hollow Gold Nanospheres Targeted to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5888-5895. [PMID: 29876540 PMCID: PMC5981767 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, a few studies have investigated the potential use of a short-pulsed laser in selective tumor cell destruction or its mechanism of cell killing. Computer simulation of the spatial and temporal profiles of temperature elevation after pulsed laser irradiation on an infinitesimal point source estimated that the temperature reached its highest point at ∼35 ns after a single 15 ns laser pulse. Moreover, temperature elevation was confined to a radius of sub-micrometer and returned to baseline within 100 ns. To investigate the effect of 15 ns laser pulses on A431 tumor cells, we conjugated hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNSs) to an antibody (C225) directed at the epithelial growth factor receptor. The resulting nanoparticles, C225-HAuNSs, bound to the cell membrane, internalized, and distributed throughout the cytoplasm, with some nanoparticles transported to the vicinity of the nuclear membrane. On using an optical microscope mounted to a tunable pulsed Ti:sapphire laser, rapid and extensive damage of live cancer cells was observed, whereas irradiation of A431 cells pretreated with nontargeted HAuNSs with a pulsed laser or pretreated with C225-HAuNSs with a continuous-wave laser-induced minimal cellular damage. Furthermore, after a single 15 ns laser pulse, C225-HAuNS-treated A431 cells cocultured with 3T3 fibroblasts showed signs of selective destruction. Thus, compared with a continuous-wave laser, shots of a short-pulsed laser were the most damaging to tumor cells that bound HAuNSs and generated the least heat to the surrounding environment. This mode of action by a short-pulsed laser on cancer cells (i.e., confined photothermolysis) may have potential applications in selective tumor cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun Li
- E-mail: . Tel: (+1)713-792-5182. Fax: (+1)713-794-5456
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Chathra N, Mysore V. Resurfacing of Facial Acne Scars With a New Variable-Pulsed Er:YAG Laser in Fitzpatrick Skin Types IV and V. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2018; 11:20-25. [PMID: 29731588 PMCID: PMC5921445 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Er:YAG laser, considered to be less effective than CO2 laser in its traditional form, in its new modulated version has variable pulse technology that is claimed to be superior to the earlier versions of the laser. Aim: The aim of the study was to check efficacy and safety of the new variable square pulse (VSP) Er:YAG laser in the management of acne scar in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV and V. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 80 patients (Fitzpatrick skin types IV and V) with atrophic and hypertrophic facial acne scars. Records of the patients who had undergone four treatment sessions with VSP technology equipped with Er:YAG laser were extracted. Each patient had undergone a minimum of four sessions. Fractional mode at medium laser pulse (SP) and long pulse (LP) was employed for the depressed center of the scars to stimulate neocollagenogenesis. Short laser pulse (MSP) in nonfractionated mode was used for ablating the raised scar border and hypertrophic scars. Goodman and Baron global scarring grading system was used for qualitative and quantitative assessments. Patient’s satisfaction to the treatment and observer’s assessment of improvement (based on photographs) was graded as poor (<25% improvement), fair (25–50% improvement), good (51–75% improvement), and excellent (>75% improvement). Results: At the end of the four sessions, the number of patients in grade IV postacne scarring reduced from 16 to 2 and that in grade III from 47 to 29. The mean score significantly dropped from 36.94 to 27.5. Subjective assessment revealed that 78 of 80 patients had noticed more than 25% improvement, with 50 of them showing more than 50% improvement at the end of four sessions. Eight patients perceived an excellent response and 42 reported a good response. This is notably higher than the observer’s grading, which showed an excellent response in only 2 patients and a good response in 35. Adverse effects were limited to prolonged erythema (two patients), prolonged crusting (one patient), and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (one patient). Conclusion: Ninety-seven percent of the subjects in our study perceived at least a fair improvement. We also saw a significant change in the objective score with a fall of the mean quantitative score from 36.94 to 27.15. This underscores the new variable-pulsed Er:YAG laser’s effectiveness in the treatment of acne scars. It also has the added advantage of lesser adverse events and faster healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namitha Chathra
- Venkat Charmalaya-Centre for Advanced Dermatology and Postgraduate Training, 3437, 1st G Cross, 7 main, Subbanna Garden, Vijay Nagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkataram Mysore
- Venkat Charmalaya-Centre for Advanced Dermatology and Postgraduate Training, 3437, 1st G Cross, 7 main, Subbanna Garden, Vijay Nagar, Bangalore, India
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Husain Z, Alster TS. The role of lasers and intense pulsed light technology in dermatology. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:29-40. [PMID: 26893574 PMCID: PMC4745852 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s69106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of light-based technologies in dermatology has expanded dramatically in recent years. Lasers and intense pulsed light have been used to safely and effectively treat a diverse array of cutaneous conditions, including vascular and pigmented lesions, tattoos, scars, and undesired hair, while also providing extensive therapeutic options for cosmetic rejuvenation and other dermatologic conditions. Dermatologic laser procedures are becoming increasingly popular worldwide, and demand for them has fueled new innovations and clinical applications. These systems continue to evolve and provide enhanced therapeutic outcomes with improved safety profiles. This review highlights the important roles and varied clinical applications that lasers and intense pulsed light play in the dermatologic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Husain
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tina S Alster
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
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Majid I, Imran S. Efficacy and Safety of Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing in Non-hypertrophic Traumatic and Burn Scars. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2015; 8:159-64. [PMID: 26644740 PMCID: PMC4645146 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2077.167276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fractional photothermolysis is one of the most effective treatment options used to resurface scars of different aetiologies. Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing treatment in the management of non-hypertrophic traumatic and burn scars. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients affected by non-hypertrophic traumatic and burn scars were treated with four sessions of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing treatment at 6-weekly intervals. Patients were photographed at each visit and finally, 3 months after the end of treatment schedule. Response to treatment was assessed clinically as well as by comparing the initial photograph of the patient with the one taken at the last follow-up visit 3-months after the final treatment session. Changes in skin texture, surface irregularity and pigmentation were assessed on a quartile grading scale and scored individually from 0 to 4. A mean of the three individual scores was calculated and the response was labelled as ‘excellent’ if the mean score achieved was >2. A score of 1-2 was labeled as good response while a score below 1 was labeled as ‘poor’ response. The subjective satisfaction of each patient with the treatment offered was also assessed at the last follow-up visit. Results: The commonest site of scarring treated was the face followed by hands. Response to treatment was rated as excellent in 60% (15/25) patients while 24% (6/25) and 16% (4/25) patients were labeled as good and poor responders, respectively. Skin texture showed better response than other variables with average score of 2.44. Linear post-traumatic scars were seen to respond less than other morphological types. Majority of the patients (19 out of 25) were highly satisfied with the treatment offered. No long-term adverse effects were noted in any patient. Conclusions: Fractional photothermolysis with a fractional CO2 laser gives excellent results in patients with post-burn scars with minimal adverse effects. Limitations: Lack of a control group and small sample size are limitations of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Majid
- Department of Dermatology, Cutis Institute of Dermatology, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Saher Imran
- Department of Dermatology, Cutis Institute of Dermatology, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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14
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Russe E, Purschke M, Farinelli WA, Wang Y, Doukas AG, Limpiangkanan W, Sakamoto FH, Tam J, Wechselberger G, Anderson RR. Micro-fractional, directional skin tightening: A porcine model. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 48:264-9. [PMID: 26627306 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Skin changes are among the most visible signs of aging. Fractional ablative lasers improve skin quality by making small skin wounds that heal rapidly without scarring. While they improve skin texture and discoloration, there is minimal effect on skin laxity. This study was performed to assess skin shrinkage performed by removing multiple small full-thickness skin columns with coring needles combined with wound closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 5 swine 116 squares (3 cm(2) ) were demarcated for treatment and control sites. In treatment sites 10% of the skin was removed by full-thickness skin coring needles (19 gauge) and afterwards closed and compressed with an elastic adhesive dressing. This procedure was compared to puncturing the skin with standard hypodermic needles (without tissue removal) and subsequent closure with compressive dressing. Area and shape of sites were measured before and 28 days after treatment. RESULTS Test and control sites healed within a week without scarring. Coring with wound closure caused significant shrinkage after 28 days. The treated skin area was reduced by 9% (P < 0.0001) and the direction of shrinkage was influenced by the direction of wound closure. Coring without wound closure and puncturing the skin without tissue removal produced an insignificant 3% decrease in area. CONCLUSION Significant minimally invasive skin tightening in a preferred direction can be achieved by removing skin with coring needles followed by wound closure. The direction of shrinkage is influenced by the direction of micro-hole closure, irrespective of the skin tension lines. This approach may allow reshaping the skin in a desired direction without scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Russe
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Barmherzige Brüder, Teaching Hospital of the Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Purschke
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - William A Farinelli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Apostolos G Doukas
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Wikunda Limpiangkanan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Fernanda H Sakamoto
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Joshua Tam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Gottfried Wechselberger
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Barmherzige Brüder, Teaching Hospital of the Medical University Salzburg, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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15
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Faghihi G, Nouraei S, Asilian A, Keyvan S, Abtahi-Naeini B, Rakhshanpour M, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Hosseini SM. Efficacy of Punch Elevation Combined with Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing in Facial Atrophic Acne Scarring: A Randomized Split-face Clinical Study. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:473-8. [PMID: 26538695 PMCID: PMC4601415 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.159616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A number of treatments for reducing the appearance of acne scars are available, but general guidelines for optimizing acne scar treatment do not exist. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and side effects of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing combined with punch elevation with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing alone in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Materials and Methods: Forty-two Iranian subjects (age range 18–55) with Fitzpatrick skin types III to IV and moderate to severe atrophic acne scars on both cheeks received randomized split-face treatments: One side received fractional CO2 laser treatment and the other received one session of punch elevation combined with two sessions of laser fractional CO2 laser treatment, separated by an interval of 1 month. Two dermatologists independently evaluated improvement in acne scars 4 and 16 weeks after the last treatment. Side effects were also recorded after each treatment. Results: The mean ± SD age of patients was 23.4 ± 2.6 years. Clinical improvement of facial acne scarring was assessed by two dermatologists blinded to treatment conditions. No significant difference in evaluation was observed 1 month after treatment (P = 0.56). Their evaluation found that fractional CO2 laser treatment combined with punch elevation had greater efficacy than that with fractional CO2 laser treatment alone, assessed 4 months after treatment (P = 0.02). Among all side effects, coagulated crust formation and pruritus at day 3 after fractional CO2 laser treatment was significant on both treatment sides (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Concurrent use of fractional laser skin resurfacing with punch elevation offers a safe and effective approach for the treatment of acne scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Faghihi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Nouraei
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Asilian
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Keyvan
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Majid I, Imran S. Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing as Monotherapy in the Treatment of Atrophic Facial Acne Scars. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014; 7:87-92. [PMID: 25136208 PMCID: PMC4134658 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2077.138326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While laser resurfacing remains the most effective treatment option for atrophic acne scars, the high incidence of post-treatment adverse effects limits its use. Fractional laser photothermolysis attempts to overcome these limitations of laser resurfacing by creating microscopic zones of injury to the dermis with skip areas in between. AIM The aim of the present study is to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing in atrophic facial acne scars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with moderate to severe atrophic facial acne scars were treated with 3-4 sessions of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing at 6-week intervals. The therapeutic response to treatment was assessed at each follow up visit and then finally 6 months after the last laser session using a quartile grading scale. Response to treatment was labelled as 'excellent' if there was >50% improvement in scar appearance and texture of skin on the grading scale while 25-50% response and <25% improvement were labelled as 'good' and 'poor' response, respectively. The overall satisfaction of the patients and any adverse reactions to the treatment were also noted. RESULTS Most of the patients showed a combination of different morphological types of acne scars. At the time of final assessment 6 months after the last laser session, an excellent response was observed in 26 patients (43.3%) while 15 (25%) and 19 patients (31.7%) demonstrated a good and poor response respectively. Rolling and superficial boxcar scars responded the best while pitted scars responded the least to fractional laser monotherapy. The commonest reported adverse effect was transient erythema and crusting lasting for an average of 3-4 and 4-6 days, respectively while three patients developed post-inflammatory pigmentation lasting for 8-12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Fractional laser resurfacing as monotherapy is effective in treating acne scars especially rolling and superficial boxcar scars with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Majid
- Cutis Skin and Laser Institute, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saher Imran
- Cutis Skin and Laser Institute, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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17
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Fractional laser therapy - the next step in alleviating the symptoms of skin aging (own observations). MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2014; 13:132-5. [PMID: 26327843 PMCID: PMC4520352 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2014.42716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a natural process of the skin, which accelerates in menopause and is additionally intensified by accumulating effects of repeated exposure to solar UV radiation and other external factors. Anti-aging skin treatment and constant improvement of its methods have become an important area of current research. The need to apply effective skin anti-aging methods that minimize traumatization resulted in the development of fractional laser technology delivering a laser beam to microscopic column skin zones in order to achieve skin photo-remodeling.
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18
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Al-Himdani S, Ud-Din S, Gilmore S, Bayat A. Striae distensae: a comprehensive review and evidence-based evaluation of prophylaxis and treatment. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:527-47. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Al-Himdani
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN U.K
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| | - S. Ud-Din
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN U.K
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| | - S. Gilmore
- Dermatology Research Centre; School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - A. Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN U.K
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
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19
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Tsai MT, Yang CH, Shen SC, Lee YJ, Chang FY, Feng CS. Monitoring of wound healing process of human skin after fractional laser treatments with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2362-75. [PMID: 24298400 PMCID: PMC3829533 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fractional photothermolysis induced by non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFLs) or ablative fractional lasers (AFLs) can remodel the skin, regenerate collagen, and remove tumor tissue. However, fractional laser treatments may result in severe side effects, and multiple treatments are required to achieve the expected outcome. Thus, the treatment outcome and downtime after fractional laser treatments are key issues to determine the following treatment strategy. In this study, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was implemented for in vivo studies of wound healing after NAFL and AFL treatments. According to the OCT scanning results, the laser-induced photothermolysis including volatilization and coagulation could be morphologically identified. To continue monitoring the wound healing process, the treated regions were scanned with OCT at different time points, and the en-face images at various tissue depths were extracted from three-dimensional OCT images. Furthermore, to quantitatively evaluate the morphological changes at different tissue depths during wound healing, an algorithm was developed to distinguish the backscattering properties of untreated and treated tissues. The results showed that the coagulation damage induced by the NAFLs could be rapidly healed in 6 days. In contrast, the tissue volatilization induced by AFLs required a longer recovery time of 14 days. In conclusion, this study establishes the feasibility of this methodology as a means of clinically monitoring treatment outcomes and wound healing after fractional laser treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fusing Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yaun 33302, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Su-Chin Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fusing Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yaun 33302, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Lee
- Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yu Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shin Feng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302 Taiwan
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20
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Visscher MO, Pan BS, Kitzmiller WJ. Photodamage: treatments and topicals for facial skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2013; 21:61-75. [PMID: 23369590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of current therapies for photodamaged facial skin and their efficacy, with particular focus on studies that use the objective, quantitative evaluation methods discussed in the previous article. The role of topically applied agents including prescription drugs and cosmetics is discussed. From this information, a schema for the relative effectiveness of therapeutic modalities in reducing perceived age is presented. This information assists the facial plastic surgeon in evaluating patient expectations and selecting the most effective program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty O Visscher
- Skin Sciences Program, Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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21
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Beasley K, Dai JM, Brown P, Lenz B, Hivnor CM. Ablative Fractional Versus Nonablative Fractional Lasers—Where Are We and How Do We Compare Differing Products? CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-013-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Stewart N, Lim AC, Lowe PM, Goodman G. Lasers and laser-like devices: Part one. Australas J Dermatol 2013; 54:173-83. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stewart
- Concord Repatriation and General Hospital; Sydney; New South Wales; Australia
| | - Adrian C Lim
- Department of Dermatology; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney; New South Wales; Australia
| | - Patricia M Lowe
- Clinical Senior Lecturer; Sydney Medical School (Central); University of Sydney; Sydney; New South Wales; Australia
| | - Greg Goodman
- Dermatology Institute of Victoria; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
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23
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Wang B, Wu Y, Luo YJ, Xu XG, Xu TH, Chen JZS, Gao XH, Chen HD, Li YH. Combination of intense pulsed light and fractional CO2laser treatments for patients with acne with inflammatory and scarring lesions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:344-51. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Reddy BY, Jow T, Hantash BM. Bioactive oligopeptides in dermatology: Part II. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:569-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Y. Reddy
- Department of Dermatology; New Jersey Medical School; Newark; NJ; USA
| | - Tiffany Jow
- Department of Dermatology; New Jersey Medical School; Newark; NJ; USA
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25
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Hélou J, Maatouk I, Moutran R, Wehbé J, Stephan F, Obeid G. [Combined skin infection after CO2 laser treatment]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:245-6. [PMID: 22401697 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hélou
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu de France, BP 16-6830, Achrafieh, Beyrouth, Liban
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26
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Meesters AA, Wind BS, Kroon MW, Wolkerstorfer A, van der Veen JW, Nieuweboer-Krobotová L, van der Wal AC, Bos JD, Beek JF. Ablative fractional laser therapy as treatment for Becker nevus: A randomized controlled pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:1173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Vrijman C, van Drooge A, Limpens J, Bos J, van der Veen J, Spuls P, Wolkerstorfer A. Laser and intense pulsed light therapy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:934-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Mun JY, Jeong SY, Kim JH, Han SS, Kim IH. A low fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser modifies the 3D structure of melanocyte and ultrastructure of melanosome by subcellular-selective photothermolysis. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2010; 60:11-18. [PMID: 20937709 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfq068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Laser treatment using low fluence for melasma was previously introduced to overcome postinflammatory hypermelanosis after Q-switched laser therapy. However, research on the mechanism of this treatment is very limited. In this study, a collimated low fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a pulse width of <7 ns was applied using top-hat beam mode. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of this laser treatment through electron microscopy. The effectiveness of this treatment was confirmed by clinical photos, melasma area and severity index and spectrophotometer. To understand the mode of action, the three-dimensional structure of melanocytes in the epidermis was analyzed using serial images acquired by a 3VIEW surface block face scanning electron microscope. In the epidermis, after laser treatment, fewer dendrites in the melanocytes were observed compared with pretreatment. In addition, ultrastructural changes in the melanosome were studied using transmission electron microscopy, which showed that laser treatment caused selective photothermolysis on Stage IV melanosome. Therefore, this treatment should be regarded as an effective method for treating melasma through subcellular-selective photothermolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Mun
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anamdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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29
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31
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Hantash BM, De Coninck E, Liu H, Gladstone HB. Split-face comparison of the erbium micropeel with intense pulsed light. Dermatol Surg 2008; 34:763-72. [PMID: 18318721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of photorejuvenative techniques have been utilized to reverse the signs of cutaneous photoaging, including ablative and nonablative laser resurfacing as well as light-based devices. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this split-face randomized prospective open-label trial was to determine the effectiveness of sequential erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser versus intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of mild to moderate facial photodamage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten subjects (ages 35-63) with facial dyschromia and rhytides were enrolled. Study patients were randomized to the two treatment arms, Er:YAG (3.8 J/cm(2), 30% pattern overlap, 0% interpulse overlap, 15 microm per pass with no coagulation) and IPL (560-nm filter, 30 J/cm(2), 2.4/4.0-ms pulse with 10-ms delay), each receiving three sequential treatments spaced 1 month apart. Subjective and blinded physician evaluations were performed at baseline and 4, 8, and 20 weeks posttreatment using a nominal scale from 1 to 4. Erythema and adverse events were assessed 1 week following each treatment. RESULTS Ten female subjects with mild to moderate facial photodamage were treated with one pass of either IPL or Er:YAG in a split-face fashion. Patients received three treatments each spaced 1 month apart. Nine of 10 patients completed the trial; 1 withdrew due to pain during the second Er:YAG treatment. Baseline subjective and blinded physician dyschromia and rhytid scores revealed no significant difference between the IPL and Er:YAG randomly assigned sides. Up to three IPL or Er:YAG treatments did not result in a significant improvement in rhytid scores. Subjective and blinded physician dyschromia scores improved 26 and 38%, respectively, 3 months after the final IPL treatment, but only by 7 and 29%, respectively, with Er:YAG. Subjective global facial appearance scores worsened by 5% while blinded physician scores improved by 16% 3 months after 3 Er:YAG treatments, but by 28 and 20% for IPL, respectively. The overall incidence of adverse events and subsequent downtime was increased for Er:YAG (1/10 patients experienced hyperpigmentation, 3/10 exfoliation, 1/10 blistering, and 5/10 discomfort) compared to IPL (1/10 exfoliation and 1/10 discomfort), although no permanent side effects were observed with either treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS While low-fluence erbium resurfacing has a modest effect on facial photodamage, patients preferred IPL because it resulted in less downtime. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil M Hantash
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5334, USA
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