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Multidisciplinary and Nonpharmacological Management of Pain in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:3604386. [PMID: 36267665 PMCID: PMC9578907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3604386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is not a single diagnosis, but a term covering a group of conditions that involve pain and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. It is a set of disease entities comprising various ailments and clinical symptoms. One of the most distressing symptoms for TMD patients is pain. Pain is subjective and always unpleasant. The VAS (visual analogue scale) was used in this research. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of physical stimuli, namely extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and LED light, on the experience of pain caused by increased tension in the masticatory muscles in adults. Out of 150 people examined, 104 were enrolled in the study after meeting the eligibility criteria. The study group was divided into 4 subgroups. Each subgroup received physical therapy treatment using a different physical stimulus. The effects of four therapeutic modalities were compared. In terms of VAS scores, pain attenuation was observed in all subgroups. The study confirmed the analgesic effect of the selected physical therapy methods. The authors focused on the analysis of the results obtained for each subgroup, comparing the effects of individual modalities on pain intensity (according to VAS scores). After the treatment, pain relief was observed in each of the studied subgroups. Treatment using ELF-MF and ELF-MF in combination with LED light in the course of TMD brings about a significant improvement in the subjective pain experience expressed in VAS pain scores. The use of selected physical stimuli and their beneficial effect on pain symptoms during mandibular movements has important implications for patients' daily life and work. Incorporation of therapeutic methods can help enhance patient satisfaction and comfort during manual TMJ therapy and lengthy dental procedures.
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Physiotherapeutic Reduction of Orofacial Pain Using Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy—A Pilot Study. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:3115154. [PMID: 35178136 PMCID: PMC8847020 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Pain is a natural response of the body to injury and one of the symptoms defining an inflammatory reaction. It is almost always present after orthognathic surgeries (OGS), but its severity is subjective in each patient. Postoperative care of the patient is aimed at minimizing of postoperative pain relief orofacial region. Options of physiotherapy include extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) and high-energy light-emitting diode (LED). Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physiotherapy combining ELF EMF and LED to reduce pain of the orofacial region in patients after OGS. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in thirty-two patients who underwent OGS to treat morphological defects. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: Physiotherapy group (PT) and Control group (CG). In both groups, patients were prescribed Paracetamol and nonsteroidal analgesics (NSAID—ibuprofen). Patients from the PT group additionally received postoperative physiotherapy immediately after leaving the surgical clinic in the form of ELF EMF and LED therapy. Physiotherapeutic treatments were performed for 10 days, three applications a day, at no cost to the patient. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), which is a reliable instrument for the measurement of pain intensity self-reported by the patient. Results. Faster reduction of pain was the major observation made in patients who received physiotherapy treatments. In all subjects, after 5 days of therapy, the pain intensity was reduced by about 50% or resolved completely. Effects of therapy were measured with the relative changes in the pain intensity score, showing what fraction of the initial pain was eliminated at the first stage and throughout the whole therapy. The analysis of relative changes instead of absolute changes allowed us, among other things, to eliminate the bias of the higher initial pain intensity in the CG group compared to the PT group. Conclusions. The conducted research revealed that the combined use of ELF EMF and LED is beneficial in the reduction of pain of patients after OGS. The analgesic effects of physiotherapy in the treatment after OGS are necessary to continue research in this area and analyze the possibility of extending the indications for its use in other surgically treated maxillofacial diseases.
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Fluorescent Light Energy and Chronic Lesions: A Winning Association. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3667. [PMID: 34277317 PMCID: PMC8277272 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic ulcers represent a challenge for healthcare professionals and a large expense for national health care systems for their difficulty in achieving complete healing and for their high incidence of recurrence. With the progressive aging of the general population, the incidence of these injuries will only increase, further affecting the public health budget, hence the need to find new strategies for their management. The purpose of this study was to share the experience of the Complex Operational Unit of Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital of Padua with fluorescent light energy therapy, outlining its role in the treatment of chronic ulcers in the daily use outside the previous EUREKA study. Methods: In this case series study, we enrolled 15 patients with chronic ulcers of any etiology between January 2018 and July 2019 and we treated them using fluorescence light energy. We evaluated efficacy and safety endpoints reporting data in excel files completed by medical staff during the study. Results: The study confirms the effectiveness of fluorescent light energy inducing chronic ulcer healing, regardless of etiology, or at least preparing the lesions for a skin graft closure surgery. The system showed a low rate of complications established by patient adherence to treatment. Patients also reported a reduction in pain both at home and during outpatient dressings. Conclusion: Based on our experience, fluorescent light energy shows an excellent safety and efficacy profile in chronic ulcers no more responsive to traditional dressings and/or surgery.
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Guermonprez C, Declercq L, Decaux G, Grimaud JA. Safety and efficacy of a novel home-use device for light-potentiated (LED) skin treatment. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000230. [PMID: 32949447 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin structure and function results from a dynamic interplay between dermal and epidermal cell types. Optimizing skin health through an effective and long-lasting skin care regime therefore requires a global approach, encompassing various mechanisms to stimulate this interplay beyond the action scope of a classical topical solution. This study evaluates the impact of a novel home-use device combining a topical serum, light-emitting diodes and massage on the clinical signs of extrinsic skin aging. The innovative principle relies on potentiating the effect of active ingredients contained in the topical serum with visible and near infra-red photons to prevent extracellular matrix degradation and promote its reconstruction. After in vitro and ex vivo investigations, a clinical study assessed the safety and efficacy of a daily treatment with the home-use device for 28 days. A significant increases in skin density and radiance while reducing the wrinkles was obtained with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean-Alexis Grimaud
- LightInDerm R&D, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Matriscience, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Ng JNC, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Yan C. Efficacy of home-use light-emitting diode device at 637 and 854-nm for facial rejuvenation: A split-face pilot study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2288-2294. [PMID: 32649063 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of light-emitting diode (LED) in combination wavelength for facial rejuvenation has been previously reported. Nowadays, there has been a growing market for home-use cosmetic devices because of its low cost and convenience. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of home-use LED device on facial rejuvenation. METHODS This was a prospective split-face clinical trial with a total of 24 subjects, who presented with photo aging skin. All subjects were treated with the home-use LED device on the left side of their face, twice a week for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes measured in the study were the changes in the biophysical properties of the skin assessed with the following parameters: skin elasticity, skin hydration, texture, and wrinkles. Evaluations were done at baseline, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-week follow-up. Subjects' self-improvement scores and adverse reactions were also recorded. RESULTS All 24 subjects completed the study and attended all follow-up. Skin elasticity was significantly higher in the LED group compared to the control during the 6- and 8-week follow-up (P < .05). In the LED group, an image of the treated skin captured using Visioscan® showed improvement of the skin texture at 8-week follow-up. Majority of the subjects in the LED group scored good improvement on all follow-ups (37.5%, 41.7%, 58.3%, and 62.5%) when compared to the baseline. No adverse reactions or pain were recorded in the study. CONCLUSION The home-use LED device, with a combination wavelength of 637 and 854 nm, is safe and can be used as an adjunctive treatment for self-administered facial rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Natasha C Ng
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chadakan Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wen W, Chen J, Ding L, Luo X, Zheng X, Dai Q, Gu Q, Liu C, Liang M, Guo X, Liu P, Li M. Astragaloside exerts anti-photoaging effects in UVB-induced premature senescence of rat dermal fibroblasts through enhanced autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 657:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Silva ES, Machado GB, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A, Pavani C. Combination of Natural Extracts and Photobiomodulation in Keratinocytes Subjected to UVA Radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:644-649. [PMID: 30267581 DOI: 10.1111/php.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts (NE) with antioxidant properties can minimize the effects of photoaging. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven to be a useful tool for the modulation of cell metabolism. Here, we investigate the associations of antioxidants with PBM with the aim of promoting skin rejuvenation. We began with standardization of the experimental protocol. Extracts of chamomile, rosemary, blueberry, green tea, figs, pomegranate and nutwood were tested. A custom irradiation system (366 ± 10 nm) was used to simulate sun exposure. A light emitting diode system (640 ± 12.5 nm) was used for PBM. Viability assessments were performed by the (3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay method. Based on the results, radiant exposure to UVA was defined as 9 and 1 J cm-2 for PBM. Extract concentrations were established on the basis of dark toxicities, which ranged from 0.01% to 0.3%. The data show that PBM is a promising therapy to restore keratinocytes after UVA damage; however, the detailed mechanism and effects require further exploration. Moreover, although the combination of PBM with NE may be a useful strategy, the choice of a NE is challenging, since the working concentration and other properties, such as photosensitivity, may bring about unwanted results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elineides Santos Silva
- Post Graduate Program of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Benedito Machado
- Post Graduate Program of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Post Graduate Program of Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
The use in dermatology of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) continues to be surrounded by controversy. This is due mainly to poor knowledge of the physicochemical phases of a wide range of devices that are difficult to compare to one another, and also to divergences between irrefutable published evidence either at the level of in vitro studies or at the cellular level, and discordant clinical results in a variety of different indications: rejuvenation, acne, wound healing, leg ulcers, and cutaneous inflammatory or autoimmune processes. Therapeutic LEDs can emit wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet, through visible light, to the near infrared (247-1300 nm), but only certain bands have so far demonstrated any real value. We feel certain that if this article remains factual, then readers will have a different, or at least more nuanced, opinion concerning the use of such LED devices in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noé
- 68, avenue de Verdun, 84300 Cavaillon, France
| | | | - H Cartier
- 8, square Saint-Jean, 62000 Arras, France.
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Kim HS, Park WS, Baek JI, Lee BS, Yoo DS, Park SJ. Continuous irradiation with a 633-nm light-emitting diode exerts an anti-aging effect on human skin cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:383-90. [PMID: 25503577 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that the light source emitted from light‑emitting diode (LED) has a potential anti-aging effect on human skin. Studies using single and interval LED irradiation have documented such effects; however, to the best of our knowledge, the anti-aging effects of continuous LED irradiation have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we demonstrated that continuous irradiation with a 633±3-nm LED exerted anti-aging effects in both in vitro and ex vivo experiments. More specifically, irradiation with a 633-nm LED for 2 days increased the synthesis of type 1 procollagen and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP2 in skin fibroblasts. In addition, irradiation with a 633-nm LED decreased the expression levels of inflammatory genes, such has cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-1-α (IL-1α) in keratinocytes. Furthermore, a 14-day LED irradiation moderately increased keratinocyte proliferation. Using human skin explants, we confirmed the safety of this 633-nm LED irradiation, which resulted in unaltered morphology and allergy-free potential in human tissue. Overall, these data provide insight into the anti-aging effects of continuous LED irradiation on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Sun Kim
- Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Baek
- Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Sub Lee
- R&D Center, ACT Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-734, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoo
- R&D Center, ACT Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-734, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jun Park
- R&D Center, ACT Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-734, Republic of Korea
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