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Gao H, Xi Z, Dai J, Xue J, Guan X, Zhao L, Chen Z, Xing F. Drug resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies mediated by Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) in cancers: new directions and therapeutic options. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:88. [PMID: 38702734 PMCID: PMC11067278 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a significant obstacle in cancer treatment, underscoring the need for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), a subclass of deubiquitinating enzymes, play a pivotal role in protein deubiquitination. As scientific research advances, USPs have been recognized as key regulators of drug resistance across a spectrum of treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. This comprehensive review examines the complex relationship between USPs and drug resistance mechanisms, focusing on specific treatment strategies and highlighting the influence of USPs on DNA damage repair, apoptosis, characteristics of cancer stem cells, immune evasion, and other crucial biological functions. Additionally, the review highlights the potential clinical significance of USP inhibitors as a means to counter drug resistance in cancer treatment. By inhibiting particular USP, cancer cells can become more susceptible to a variety of anti-cancer drugs. The integration of USP inhibitors with current anti-cancer therapies offers a promising strategy to circumvent drug resistance. Therefore, this review emphasizes the importance of USPs as viable therapeutic targets and offers insight into fruitful directions for future research and drug development. Targeting USPs presents an effective method to combat drug resistance across various cancer types, leading to enhanced treatment strategies and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jingwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Guo NJ, Wang B, Zhang Y, Kang HQ, Nie HQ, Feng MK, Zhang XY, Zhao LJ, Wang N, Liu HM, Zheng YC, Li W, Gao Y. USP7 as an emerging therapeutic target: A key regulator of protein homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130309. [PMID: 38382779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining protein balance within a cell is essential for proper cellular function, and disruptions in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is responsible for degrading and recycling unnecessary or damaged proteins, can lead to various diseases. Deubiquitinating enzymes play a vital role in regulating protein homeostasis by removing ubiquitin chains from substrate proteins, thereby controlling important cellular processes, such as apoptosis and DNA repair. Among these enzymes, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is of particular interest. USP7 is a cysteine protease consisting of a TRAF region, catalytic region, and C-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) region, and it interacts with tumor suppressors, transcription factors, and other key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and epigenetic control. Moreover, USP7 has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative conditions, and viral infections. Overall, characterizing the functions of USP7 is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of diverse diseases and devising innovative therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the structure and function of USP7 and its complexes, its association with diseases, and its known inhibitors and thus represents a valuable resource for advancing USP7 inhibitor development and promoting potential future treatment options for a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hui-Qin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hai-Qian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Meng-Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Li H, Sun X, Li J, Liu W, Pan G, Mao A, Liu J, Zhang Q, Rao L, Xie X, Sheng X. Hypoxia induces docetaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100821. [PMID: 35985176 PMCID: PMC9403568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the major strategy to prevent and reduce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and metastasis. Hypoxia increases chemoresistance and is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cancer. Based on accumulating evidence, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in acquired drug resistance. However, the role of miRNAs in hypoxia-induced TNBC drug resistance remains to be clarified. Here, we found that hypoxia induced TNBC docetaxel resistance by decreasing the miR-494 level. Modulating miR-494 expression altered the sensitivity of TNBC cells to DTX under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we identified Survivin as a direct miR-494 target. Hypoxia upregulated survivin expression. In a clinical study, the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway was also active in primary human TNBC, and miR-494 expression negatively correlated with HIF-1α and survivin expression. Finally, in a xenograft model, both miR-494 overexpression and the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 increased the sensitivity of TNBC to DTX by suppressing the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway in vivo. In conclusion, treatments targeting the HIF-1α/miR-494/Survivin signaling pathway potentially reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhua Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. 170 Xinsong Rd, Shanghai, China.
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Kar F, Kacar S, Hacioglu C, Kanbak G, Sahinturk V. Concanavalin A induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22742. [PMID: 33604990 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor. C6 rat glioblastoma cells provide the possibility to the scientist to study brain cancer. Concanavalin A (Con A) has a lot of antitumoral effects, especially over oxidative stress. In the present study, it was aimed to decide the impacts of various doses of Con A on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding cytotoxicity, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. We detected the cytotoxic activity of Con A (from 7.8 to 500 µg/ml) in C6 cells by utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and determined the toxic concentration of Con A. Once the optimal doses were found, the thiol-disulfide homeostasis, levels of total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS and TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), apoptotic proteins as cytochrome c (CYCS), and caspase 3 (CASP3) were measured. Apoptotic and morphological changes in the C6 cells were examined with an inverted microscope and flow cytometry technique. Dose-dependent Con A triggered oxidative damage in the C6 cells, affecting the inflammatory pathway, so reducing proliferation with apoptotic proteins and morphological changes. But especially, Con A increased disulfide formation by disrupting the thiol/disulfide balance in C6 cells. This study revealed that Con A, known as carbohydrate-binding protein, generated oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Lai TC, Fang CY, Jan YH, Hsieh HL, Yang YF, Liu CY, Chang PMH, Hsiao M. Kinase shRNA screening reveals that TAOK3 enhances microtubule-targeted drug resistance of breast cancer cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:164. [PMID: 33087151 PMCID: PMC7579951 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective treatments for advanced breast cancer. Anti-microtubule agents, including taxanes, eribulin and vinca-alkaloids are one of the primary major anti-breast cancer chemotherapies; however, chemoresistance remains a problem that is difficult to solve. We aimed to discover novel candidate protein targets to combat chemoresistance in breast cancer. METHODS A lentiviral shRNA-based high-throughput screening platform was designed and developed to screen the global kinome to find new therapeutic targets in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. The phenotypes were confirmed with alternative expression in vitro and in vivo. Molecular mechanisms were investigated using global phosphoprotein arrays and expression microarrays. Global microarray analysis was performed to determine TAOK3 and genes that induced paclitaxel resistance. RESULTS A serine/threonine kinase gene, TAOK3, was identified from 724 screened kinase genes. TAOK3 shRNA exhibited the most significant reduction in IC50 values in response to paclitaxel treatment. Ectopic downregulation of TAOK3 resulted in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells sensitize to paclitaxel treatment in vitro and in vivo. The expression of TAOK3 also was correlated to sensitivity to two other anti-microtubule drugs, eribulin and vinorelbine. Our TAOK3-modulated microarray analysis indicated that NF-κB signaling played a major upstream regulation role. TAOK3 inhibitor, CP43, and shRNA of NF-κB both reduced the paclitaxel resistance in TAOK3 overexpressed cells. In clinical microarray databases, high TAOK3 expressed breast cancer patients had poorer prognoses after adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Here we identified TAOK3 overexpression increased anti-microtubule drug resistance through upregulation of NF-κB signaling, which reduced cell death in breast cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the interaction between TAOK3 and NF-κB signaling may have therapeutic implications for breast cancer patients treated with anti-microtubule drugs. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D.Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Muhammad N, Tan CP, Muhammad K, Wang J, Sadia N, Pan ZY, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Mitochondria-targeting monofunctional platinum( ii)–lonidamine conjugates for cancer cell de-energization. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the rational design and anticancer mechanism studies of novel mitochondria-targeting monofunctional Pt(ii)–lonidamine conjugates for the selective de-energization of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Kamran Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Research Center
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Nasreen Sadia
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- University of Engineering & Technology (UET) Taxila
- Taxila 47080
- Pakistan
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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TWIST1 Gene Expression as a Biomarker for Predicting Primary Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 22:25-30. [PMID: 31942413 PMCID: PMC6956638 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. In the studies focused on finding biomarkers to predict the response of the patients and tumors to the drugs used, the Twist transcription factor has been suggested as a candidate biomarker for predicting chemo-resistance of breast tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TWIST transcription factor expression and the effectiveness of doxorubicin treatment on directly taken primary tumor samples from chemotherapy-naive breast cancer patients. Twenty-six primary breast tumor samples taken from 26 different breast cancer patients were included in this study. Adenosine triphosphate tumor chemo-sensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) has been used to determine tumor response to doxorubicin and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for analyzing the TWIST1 gene expression of tumors. There was a significant difference in TWIST gene expression between responder and non responder tumors (p <0.05). The TWIST gene expression of the drug-resistant group was higher than the responsive group. This difference was not dependent on the histopathological features of tumors. In conclusion, compatible with earlier studies that have been performed with cell lines, the current study supports the role of higher TWIST gene expression as a biomarker for predicting the response of breast tumors to chemo-therapeutic agent doxorubicin.
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Park S, Kim H, Ji HW, Kim HW, Yun SH, Choi EH, Kim SJ. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Restores Paclitaxel Sensitivity to Paclitaxel-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells by Reversing Expression of Resistance-Related Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122011. [PMID: 31847101 PMCID: PMC6966695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Tx) is a widely used therapeutic chemical for breast cancer treatment; however, cancer recurrence remains an obstacle for improved prognosis of cancer patients. In this study, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was tested for its potential to overcome the drug resistance. After developing Tx-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/TxR) breast cancer cells, CAP was applied to the cells, and its effect on the recovery of drug sensitivity was assessed in both cellular and molecular aspects. Sensitivity to Tx in the MCF-7/TxR cells was restored up to 73% by CAP. A comparison of genome-wide expression profiles between the TxR cells and the CAP-treated cells identified 49 genes that commonly appeared with significant changes. Notably, 20 genes, such as KIF13B, GOLM1, and TLE4, showed opposite expression profiles. The protein expression levels of selected genes, DAGLA and CEACAM1, were recovered to those of their parental cells by CAP. Taken together, CAP inhibited the growth of MCF-7/TxR cancer cells and recovered Tx sensitivity by resetting the expression of multiple drug resistance–related genes. These findings may contribute to extending the application of CAP to the treatment of TxR cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.P.); (H.K.); (H.W.J.); (H.W.K.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Heejoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.P.); (H.K.); (H.W.J.); (H.W.K.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Hwee Won Ji
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.P.); (H.K.); (H.W.J.); (H.W.K.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.P.); (H.K.); (H.W.J.); (H.W.K.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Sung Hwan Yun
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.P.); (H.K.); (H.W.J.); (H.W.K.); (S.H.Y.)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.P.); (H.K.); (H.W.J.); (H.W.K.); (S.H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5129
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Shi Y, Gong W, Lu L, Wang Y, Ren J. Upregulation of miR-129-5p increases the sensitivity to Taxol through inhibiting HMGB1-mediated cell autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8657. [PMID: 31664305 PMCID: PMC6826894 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Taxol has improved the survival of cancer patients as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, an increasing number of patients develop resistance to Taxol after prolonged treatment. The potential mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to Taxol are not completely clear. It has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-129-5p in regulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Taxol. Cell apoptosis and autophagy, and the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol were assessed with a series of in vitro assays. Our results showed that the inhibition of autophagy increased the Taxol-induced apoptosis and the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol. Up-regulation of miR-129-5p also inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-129-5p overexpression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a target gene of miR-129-5p and a regulator of autophagy, was negatively regulated by miR-129-5p. We found that interference of HMGB1 enhanced the chemosensitivity of Taxol by inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, our findings suggested that miR-129-5p increased the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol through suppressing autophagy and enhancing apoptosis by inhibiting HMGB1. Using miR-129-5p/HMGB1/autophagy-based therapeutic strategies may be a potential treatment for overcoming Taxol resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Xiang Cheng City First Person Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Akhtartavan S, Karimi M, Karimian K, Azarpira N, Khatami M, Heli H. Evaluation of a self-nanoemulsifying docetaxel delivery system. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2427-2433. [PMID: 30551502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed as a novel route to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel lipophilic drug. SNEDDS comprised ethyl oleate, Tween 80 and poly(ethylene glycol) 600, as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, and formed stabilized monodispersed oil nanodroplets upon dilution in water. SNEDDS represented encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of 21.4 and 52.7%, respectively. The docetaxel release profile from the drug-loaded SNEDDS was recorded, its effectiveness against MCF-7 cell line was investigated, and an IC50 value of 0.98 ± 0.05 μg mL-1 was attained. The drug-loaded SNEDDS was administrated in rats, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum concentration of 22.2 ± 0.8 μg mL-1, time to attain this maximum concentration of 230 min, and area under the curve of 1.71 ± 0.18 μg min mL-1 were obtained. The developed SNEDDS formulation can be represented as an alternative to docetaxel administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akhtartavan
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Karimi
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Karimian
- Arasto Pharmaceutical Chemicals Inc., Yousefabad, Jahanarar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Azarpira
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Khatami
- Nanobioeletrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - H Heli
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Genetics and Expression Profile of the Tubulin Gene Superfamily in Breast Cancer Subtypes and Its Relation to Taxane Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080274. [PMID: 30126203 PMCID: PMC6116153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit cell division by disrupting the mitotic spindle through the stabilization of microtubules. Most breast cancer (BC) tumors show resistance against taxanes partially due to alterations in tubulin genes. In this project we investigated tubulin isoforms in BC to explore any correlation between tubulin alterations and taxane resistance. Genetic alteration and expression profiling of 28 tubulin isoforms in 6714 BC tumor samples from 4205 BC cases were analyzed. Protein-protein, drug-protein and alterations neighbor genes in tubulin pathways were examined in the tumor samples. To study correlation between promoter activity and expression of the tubulin isoforms in BC, we analyzed the ChIP-seq enrichment of active promoter histone mark H3K4me3 and mRNA expression profile of MCF-7, ZR-75-30, SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Potential correlation between tubulin alterations and taxane resistance, were investigated by studying the expression profile of taxane-sensitive and resistant BC tumors also the MDA-MB-231 cells acquired resistance to paclitaxel. All genomic data were obtained from public databases. Results showed that TUBD1 and TUBB3 were the most frequently amplified and deleted tubulin genes in the BC tumors respectively. The interaction analysis showed physical interactions of α-, β- and γ-tubulin isoforms with each other. The most of FDA-approved tubulin inhibitor drugs including taxanes target only β-tubulins. The analysis also revealed sex tubulin-interacting neighbor proteins including ENCCT3, NEK2, PFDN2, PTP4A3, SDCCAG8 and TBCE which were altered in at least 20% of the tumors. Three of them are tubulin-specific chaperons responsible for tubulin protein folding. Expression of tubulin genes in BC cell lines were correlated with H3K4me3 enrichment on their promoter chromatin. Analyzing expression profile of BC tumors and tumor-adjacent normal breast tissues showed upregulation of TUBA1A, TUBA1C, TUBB and TUBB3 and downregulation of TUBB2A, TUBB2B, TUBB6, TUBB7P pseudogene, and TUBGCP2 in the tumor tissues compared to the normal breast tissues. Analyzing taxane-sensitive versus taxane-resistant tumors revealed that expression of TUBB3 and TUBB6 was significantly downregulated in the taxane-resistant tumors. Our results suggest that downregulation of tumor βIII- and βV-tubulins is correlated with taxane resistance in BC. Based on our results, we conclude that aberrant protein folding of tubulins due to mutation and/or dysfunction of tubulin-specific chaperons may be potential mechanisms of taxane resistance. Thus, we propose studying the molecular pathology of tubulin mutations and folding in BC and their impacts on taxane resistance.
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12
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Genetics and Expression Profile of the Tubulin Gene Superfamily in Breast Cancer Subtypes and Its Relation to Taxane Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.10.3390/cancers10080274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are a class of chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit cell division by disrupting the mitotic spindle through the stabilization of microtubules. Most breast cancer (BC) tumors show resistance against taxanes partially due to alterations in tubulin genes. In this project we investigated tubulin isoforms in BC to explore any correlation between tubulin alterations and taxane resistance. Genetic alteration and expression profiling of 28 tubulin isoforms in 6714 BC tumor samples from 4205 BC cases were analyzed. Protein-protein, drug-protein and alterations neighbor genes in tubulin pathways were examined in the tumor samples. To study correlation between promoter activity and expression of the tubulin isoforms in BC, we analyzed the ChIP-seq enrichment of active promoter histone mark H3K4me3 and mRNA expression profile of MCF-7, ZR-75-30, SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Potential correlation between tubulin alterations and taxane resistance, were investigated by studying the expression profile of taxane-sensitive and resistant BC tumors also the MDA-MB-231 cells acquired resistance to paclitaxel. All genomic data were obtained from public databases. Results showed that TUBD1 and TUBB3 were the most frequently amplified and deleted tubulin genes in the BC tumors respectively. The interaction analysis showed physical interactions of α-, β- and γ-tubulin isoforms with each other. The most of FDA-approved tubulin inhibitor drugs including taxanes target only β-tubulins. The analysis also revealed sex tubulin-interacting neighbor proteins including ENCCT3, NEK2, PFDN2, PTP4A3, SDCCAG8 and TBCE which were altered in at least 20% of the tumors. Three of them are tubulin-specific chaperons responsible for tubulin protein folding. Expression of tubulin genes in BC cell lines were correlated with H3K4me3 enrichment on their promoter chromatin. Analyzing expression profile of BC tumors and tumor-adjacent normal breast tissues showed upregulation of TUBA1A, TUBA1C, TUBB and TUBB3 and downregulation of TUBB2A, TUBB2B, TUBB6, TUBB7P pseudogene, and TUBGCP2 in the tumor tissues compared to the normal breast tissues. Analyzing taxane-sensitive versus taxane-resistant tumors revealed that expression of TUBB3 and TUBB6 was significantly downregulated in the taxane-resistant tumors. Our results suggest that downregulation of tumor βIII- and βV-tubulins is correlated with taxane resistance in BC. Based on our results, we conclude that aberrant protein folding of tubulins due to mutation and/or dysfunction of tubulin-specific chaperons may be potential mechanisms of taxane resistance. Thus, we propose studying the molecular pathology of tubulin mutations and folding in BC and their impacts on taxane resistance.
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13
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Wang RC, Chen X, Parissenti AM, Joy AA, Tuszynski J, Brindley DN, Wang Z. Sensitivity of docetaxel-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells to microtubule-destabilizing agents including vinca alkaloids and colchicine-site binding agents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182400. [PMID: 28787019 PMCID: PMC5546696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the main reasons for disease recurrence in the curative breast cancer treatment setting is the development of drug resistance. Microtubule targeted agents (MTAs) are among the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of breaset cancer and therefore overcoming taxane resistance is of primary clinical importance. Our group has previously demonstrated that the microtubule dynamics of docetaxel-resistant MCF-7TXT cells are insensitivity to docetaxel due to the distinct expression profiles of β-tubulin isotypes in addition to the high expression of p-glycoprotein (ABCB1). In the present investigation we examined whether taxane-resistant breast cancer cells are more sensitive to microtubule destabilizing agents including vinca alkaloids and colchicine-site binding agents (CSBAs) than the non-resistant cells. Methods Two isogenic MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were selected for resistance to docetaxel (MCF-7TXT) and the wild type parental cell line (MCF-7CC) to examine if taxane-resistant breast cancer cells are sensitive to microtubule-destabilizing agents including vinca alkaloids and CSBAs. Cytotoxicity assays, immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence and live imaging were used to study drug resistance, apoptosis, mitotic arrest, microtubule formation, and microtubule dynamics. Results MCF-7TXT cells were demonstrated to be cross resistant to vinca alkaloids, but were more sensitive to treatment with colchicine compared to parental non-resistant MCF-7CC cells. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the IC50 of MCF-7TXT cell to vinorelbine and vinblastine was more than 6 and 3 times higher, respectively, than that of MCF-7CC cells. By contrast, the IC50 of MCF-7TXT cell for colchincine was 4 times lower than that of MCF-7CC cells. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that all MTAs induced the disorganization of microtubules and the chromatin morphology and interestingly each with a unique pattern. In terms of microtubule and chromain morphology, MCF-7TXT cells were more resistant to vinorelbine and vinblastine, but more sensitive to colchicine compared to MCF-7CC cells. PARP cleavage assay further demonstrated that all of the MTAs induced apoptosis of the MCF-7 cells. However, again, MCF-7TXT cells were more resistant to vinorelbine and vinblastine, and more sensitive to colchicine compared to MCF-7CC cells. Live imaging demonstrated that the microtubule dynamics of MCF-7TXT cells were less sensitive to vinca alkaloids, and more sensitive to colchicine. MCF-7TXT cells were also noted to be more sensitive to other CSBAs including 2MeOE2, ABT-751 and phosphorylated combretastatin A-4 (CA-4P). Conclusion Docetaxel-resistant MCF-7TXT cells have demonstrated cross-resistance to vinca alkaloids, but appear to be more sensitive to CSBAs (colchicine, 2MeOE2, ABT-751 and CA-4P) compared to non-resistant MCF-7CC cells. Taken together these results suggest that CSBAs should be evaluated further in the treatment of taxane resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xinmei Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Anil A. Joy
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wang R, Wang H, Wang Z. Live Imaging to Study Microtubule Dynamic Instability in Taxane-resistant Breast Cancers. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287508 DOI: 10.3791/55027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes such as docetaxel belong to a group of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) that are commonly relied upon to treat cancer. However, taxane resistance in cancerous cells drastically reduces the effectiveness of the drugs' long-term usage. Accumulated evidence suggests that the mechanisms underlying taxane resistance include both general mechanisms, such as the development of multidrug resistance due to the overexpression of drug-efflux proteins, and taxane-specific mechanisms, such as those that involve microtubule dynamics. Because taxanes target cell microtubules, measuring microtubule dynamic instability is an important step in determining the mechanisms of taxane resistance and provides insight into how to overcome this resistance. In the experiment, an in vivo method was used to measure microtubule dynamic instability. GFP-tagged α-tubulin was expressed and incorporated into microtubules in MCF-7 cells, allowing for the recording of the microtubule dynamics by time lapse using a sensitive camera. The results showed that, as opposed to the non-resistant parental MCF-7CC cells, the microtubule dynamics of docetaxel-resistant MCF-7TXT cells are insensitive to docetaxel treatment, which causes the resistance to docetaxel-induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis. This paper will outline this in vivo method of measuring microtubule dynamic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Harris Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta;
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15
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Wang H, Vo T, Hajar A, Li S, Chen X, Parissenti AM, Brindley DN, Wang Z. Multiple mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to taxanes in selected docetaxel-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:37. [PMID: 24447372 PMCID: PMC3900991 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a major factor involved in a poor response and reduced overall survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Although extensive studies have been carried out to understand the mechanisms of chemoresistance, many questions remain unanswered. Methods In this research, we used two isogenic MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines selected for resistance to doxorubicin (MCF-7DOX) or docetaxel (MCF-7TXT) and the wild type parental cell line (MCF-7CC) to study mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to taxanes in MCF-7TXT cells. Cytotoxicity assay, immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence and live imaging were used to study the drug resistance, the expression levels of drug transporters and various tubulin isoforms, apoptosis, microtubule formation, and microtubule dynamics. Results MCF-7TXT cells were cross resistant to paclitaxel, but not to doxorubicin. MCF-7DOX cells were not cross-resistant to taxanes. We also showed that multiple mechanisms are involved in the resistance to taxanes in MCF-7TXT cells. Firstly, MCF-7TXT cells express higher level of ABCB1. Secondly, the microtubule dynamics of MCF-7TXT cells are weak and insensitive to the docetaxel treatment, which may partially explain why docetaxel is less effective in inducing M-phase arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7TXT cells in comparison with MCF-7CC cells. Moreover, MCF-7TXT cells express relatively higher levels of β2- and β4-tubulin and relatively lower levels of β3-tubulin than both MCF-7CC and MCF-7DOX cells. The subcellular localization of various β-tubulin isoforms in MCF-7TXT cells is also different from that in MCF-7CC and MCF-7DOX cells. Conclusion Multiple mechanisms are involved in the resistance to taxanes in MCF-7TXT cells. The high expression level of ABCB1, the specific composition and localization of β-tubulin isoforms, the weak microtubule dynamics and its insensitivity to docetaxel may all contribute to the acquired resistance of MCF-7TXT cells to taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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16
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Nyamaa B, Kim HK, Jeong YJ, Song IS, Han J. Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibition in Translational Research. J Lipid Atheroscler 2014. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2014.3.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bayalagmaa Nyamaa
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Monteiro LJ, Khongkow P, Kongsema M, Morris JR, Man C, Weekes D, Koo CY, Gomes AR, Pinto PH, Varghese V, Kenny LM, Coombes RC, Freire R, Medema RH, Lam EWF. The Forkhead Box M1 protein regulates BRIP1 expression and DNA damage repair in epirubicin treatment. Oncogene 2013; 32:4634-45. [PMID: 23108394 PMCID: PMC3874579 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 is implicated in genotoxic drug resistance but its role and mechanism of action remain unclear. Here, we establish that γH2AX foci, indicative of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), accumulate in a time-dependent manner in the drug-sensitive MCF-7 cells but not in the resistant counterparts in response to epirubicin. We find that FOXM1 expression is associated with epirubicin sensitivity and DSB repair. Ectopic expression of FOXM1 can increase cell viability and abrogate DSBs sustained by MCF-7 cells following epirubicin, owing to an enhancement in repair efficiency. Conversely, alkaline comet and γH2AX foci formation assays show that Foxm1-null cells are hypersensitive to DNA damage, epirubicin and γ-irradiation. Furthermore, we find that FOXM1 is required for DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) but not non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), using HeLa cell lines harbouring an integrated direct repeat green fluorescent protein reporter for DSB repair. We also identify BRIP1 as a direct transcription target of FOXM1 by promoter analysis and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay. In agreement, depletion of FOXM1 expression by small interfering RNA downregulates BRIP1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels in MCF-7 and the epirubicin-resistant MCF-7 Epi(R) cells. Remarkably, the requirement for FOXM1 for DSB repair can be circumvented by reintroduction of BRIP1, suggesting that BRIP1 is an important target of FOXM1 in DSB repair. Indeed, like FOXM1, BRIP1 is needed for HR. These data suggest that FOXM1 regulates BRIP1 expression to modulate epirubicin-induced DNA damage repair and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Monteiro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pasarat Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mesayamas Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joanna R. Morris
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Cornelia Man
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Weekes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chuay-Yeng Koo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ana R. Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paola H. Pinto
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vidhya Varghese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura M. Kenny
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - René H. Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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Fatemian T, Othman I, Chowdhury EH. Strategies and validation for siRNA-based therapeutics for the reversal of multi-drug resistance in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:71-8. [PMID: 23974068 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs is the main reason for the failure of traditional cancer treatments. Various cellular components and different loops within the signaling pathways contribute to drug resistance which could be modulated with the aim to restore drug efficacy. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms for cancer drug resistance has now paved the way for the development of novel approaches to regulate the response rates to anticancer drugs at the genetic level. The recent progress on identification and validation of the vital genes directly or indirectly involved in development of cancer drug resistance with the aid of the specific knock down ability of RNA interference technology is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Fatemian
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia.
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19
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Liu X, Gong H, Huang K. Oncogenic role of kinesin proteins and targeting kinesin therapy. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:651-6. [PMID: 23438337 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinesin superfamily (KIF) is a group of proteins that share a highly conserved motor domain. Except for some members, many KIF proteins have adenosine triphosphatase activity and microtubule-dependent plus-end motion ability. Kinesins participate in several essential cellular functions, including mitosis, meiosis and the transport of macromolecules. Increasing evidence indicates kinesin proteins play critical roles in the genesis and development of human cancers. Some kinesin proteins are associated with maligancy as well as drug resistance of solid tumor. Thus, targeting KIF therapy seems to be a promising anticancer strategy. Inhibitors of KIF such as kinesin spindle protein (KSP/Eg5) have entered clinical trials for monotherapy or in combination with other drugs, and kinesins other than Eg5 with various potential anticancer target characteristics are also constantly being discovered and studied. Here, we summarize the oncogenic roles of kinesin proteins and potential cancer therapy strategies that target KIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Takahashi T. [A screen for genes involved in adriamycin resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:393-6. [PMID: 23449420 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used in the treatment of various cancers. However, the efficacy of adriamycin-based chemotherapy is compromised by the development of adverse effects and the emergence of adriamycin-resistant cancer cells. In a search for novel mechanisms of resistance to adriamycin, we searched for genes that are related to adriamycin resistance using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified several genes (Akl1, Bsd2, Ssl2 and Erg13, etc.). We investigated the role of Akl1, a member of Ark/Prk kinase family, in adriamycin resistance and found that Akl1 might reduce adriamycin toxicity by inhibition of the internalization step in endocytosis via phosphorylation of component of endocytic complex. Furthermore, defects in vesicle trafficking from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to vacuole reduced the degree of the adriamycin resistance induced by Akl1-overexpression, suggesting that inhibition of internalization step in endocytosis facilitates transport of protein from ER to vacuole, and decreases adriamycin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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de Olano N, Koo CY, Monteiro LJ, Pinto PH, Gomes AR, Aligue R, Lam EWF. The p38 MAPK-MK2 axis regulates E2F1 and FOXM1 expression after epirubicin treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1189-202. [PMID: 22802261 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
E2F1 is responsible for the regulation of FOXM1 expression, which plays a key role in epirubicin resistance. Here, we examined the role and regulation of E2F1 in response to epirubicin in cancer cells. We first showed that E2F1 plays a key role in promoting FOXM1 expression, cell survival, and epirubicin resistance as its depletion by siRNA attenuated FOXM1 induction and cell viability in response to epirubicin. We also found that the p38-MAPK activity mirrors the expression patterns of E2F1 and FOXM1 in both epirubicin-sensitive and -resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells, suggesting that p38 has a role in regulating E2F1 expression and epirubicin resistance. Consistently, studies using pharmacologic inhibitors, siRNA knockdown, and knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) revealed that p38 mediates the E2F1 induction by epirubicin and that the induction of E2F1 by p38 is, in turn, mediated through its downstream kinase MK2 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2; MAPKAPK2]. In agreement, in vitro phosphorylation assays showed that MK2 can directly phosphorylate E2F1 at Ser-364. Transfection assays also showed that E2F1 phosphorylation at Ser-364 participates in its induction by epirubicin but also suggests that other phosphorylation events are also involved. In addition, the p38-MK2 axis can also limit c-jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) induction by epirubicin and, notably, JNK represses FOXM1 expression. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of p38-MK2 signaling in the control of E2F1 and FOXM1 expression as well as epirubicin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia de Olano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
The vulnerability of some cancer cells to oxidative signals is a therapeutic target for the rational design of new anticancer agents. In addition to their well characterized effects on cell division, many cytotoxic anticancer agents can induce oxidative stress by modulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Tumour cells are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress as they typically have persistently higher levels of ROS than normal cells due to the dysregulation of redox balance that develops in cancer cells in response to increased intracellular production of ROS or depletion of antioxidant proteins. In addition, excess ROS levels potentially contribute to oncogenesis by the mediation of oxidative DNA damage. There are several anticancer agents in development that target cellular redox regulation. The overall cellular redox state is regulated by three systems that modulate cellular redox status by counteracting free radicals and ROS, or by reversing the formation of disulfides; two of these are dependent on glutathione and the third on thioredoxin. Drugs targeting S-glutathionylation have direct anticancer effects via cell signalling pathways and inhibition of DNA repair, and have an impact on a wide range of signalling pathways. Of these agents, NOV-002 and canfosfamide have been assessed in phase III trials, while a number of others are undergoing evaluation in early phase clinical trials. Alternatively, agents including PX-12, dimesna and motexafin gadolinium are being developed to target thioredoxin, which is overexpressed in many human tumours, and this overexpression is associated with aggressive tumour growth and poorer clinical outcomes. Finally, arsenic derivatives have demonstrated antitumour activity including antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects on cancer cells by pro-oxidant mechanisms, and the induction of high levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis by an as yet undefined mechanism. In this article we review anticancer drugs currently in development that target cellular redox activity to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Montero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, FL, USA.
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23
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IL-13Rα2-Targeted Therapy Escapees: Biologic and Therapeutic Implications. Transl Oncol 2011; 4:390-400. [PMID: 22191003 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) overexpresses interleukin 13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2), a tumor-restricted receptor that is not present in normal brain. We and others have created targeted therapies that specifically eradicate tumors expressing this promising tumor-restricted biomarker. As these therapies head toward clinical implementation, it is critical to explore mechanisms of potential resistance. We therefore used a potent IL-13Rα2-targeted bacterial cytotoxin to select for naturally occurring "escapee" cells from three different IL-13Rα2-expressing GBM cell lines. We found that these side populations of escapee cells had significantly decreased IL-13Rα2 expression. We examined clinically relevant biologic characteristics of escapee cell lines compared to their parental cell lines and found that they had similar proliferation rates and equal sensitivity to temozolomide and radiation, the standard therapies given to GBM patients. In contrast, our escapee cell lines were less likely to form colonies in culture and migrated more slowly in wound healing assays. Furthermore, we found that escapee cells formed significantly less neurospheres in vitro, suggesting that IL-13Rα2-targeted therapy preferentially targeted the "stem-like" cell population and possibly indicating decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. We therefore tested escapee cells for in vivo tumorigenicity and found that they were significantly less tumorigenic in both subcutaneous and intracranial mouse models compared to matching parental cells. These data, for the first time, establish and characterize the clinically relevant biologic properties of IL-13Rα2-targeted therapy escapees and suggest that these cells may have less malignant characteristics than parental tumors.
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Millour J, de Olano N, Horimoto Y, Monteiro LJ, Langer JK, Aligue R, Hajji N, Lam EWF. ATM and p53 regulate FOXM1 expression via E2F in breast cancer epirubicin treatment and resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1046-58. [PMID: 21518729 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we investigated the role and regulation of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) in breast cancer and epirubicin resistance. We generated epirubicin-resistant MCF-7 breast carcinoma (MCF-7-EPI(R)) cells and found FOXM1 protein levels to be higher in MCF-7-EPI(R) than in MCF-7 cells and that FOXM1 expression is downregulated by epirubicin in MCF-7 but not in MCF-7-EPI(R) cells. We also established that there is a loss of p53 function in MCF-7-EPI(R) cells and that epirubicin represses FOXM1 expression at transcription and gene promoter levels through activation of p53 and repression of E2F activity in MCF-7 cells. Using p53(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts, we showed that p53 is important for epirubicin sensitivity. Moreover, transient promoter transfection assays showed that epirubicin and its cellular effectors p53 and E2F1 modulate FOXM1 transcription through an E2F-binding site located within the proximal promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis also revealed that epirubicin treatment increases pRB (retinoblastoma protein) and decreases E2F1 recruitment to the FOXM1 promoter region containing the E2F site. We also found ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein and mRNA to be overexpressed in the resistant MCF-7-EPI(R) cells compared with MCF-7 cells and that epirubicin could activate ATM to promote E2F activity and FOXM1 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of ATM in U2OS cells with caffeine or depletion of ATM in MCF-7-EPI(R) with short interfering RNAs can resensitize these resistant cells to epirubicin, resulting in downregulation of E2F1 and FOXM1 expression and cell death. In summary, our data show that ATM and p53 coordinately regulate FOXM1 via E2F to modulate epirubicin response and resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Millour
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery andCancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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