5
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Huang LS, Fu P, Patel P, Harijith A, Sun T, Zhao Y, Garcia JGN, Chun J, Natarajan V. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor-2 deficiency confers protection against bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:912-22. [PMID: 23808384 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0070oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury, the accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, and the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through its G protein-coupled receptors is critical for its various biological functions. Recently, LPA and LPA receptor 1 were implicated in lung fibrogenesis. However, the role of other LPA receptors in fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we use a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model to investigate the roles of LPA2 in pulmonary fibrogenesis. In the present study, we found that LPA2 knockout (Lpar2(-/-)) mice were protected against bleomycin-induced lung injury, fibrosis, and mortality, compared with wild-type control mice. Furthermore, LPA2 deficiency attenuated the bleomycin-induced expression of fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen in lung tissue, as well as levels of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In human lung fibroblasts, the knockdown of LPA2 attenuated the LPA-induced expression of TGF-β1 and the differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in the decreased expression of FN, α-SMA, and collagen, as well as decreased activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, Akt, Smad3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, the knockdown of LPA2 with small interfering RNA also mitigated the TGF-β1-induced differentiation of lung fibroblasts. In addition, LPA2 deficiency significantly attenuated the bleomycin-induced apoptosis of alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in the mouse lung. Together, our data indicate that the knockdown of LPA2 attenuated bleomycin-induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, and this may be related to an inhibition of the LPA-induced expression of TGF-β and the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts.
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7
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Cai H, Xu Y. The role of LPA and YAP signaling in long-term migration of human ovarian cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:31. [PMID: 23618389 PMCID: PMC3655373 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is altered and implicated as oncogenic in many human cancers. However, extracellular signals that regulate the mammalian Hippo pathway have remained elusive until very recently when it was shown that the Hippo pathway is regulated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (S1P). LPA inhibits Lats kinase activity in HEK293 cells, but the potential involvement of a protein phosphatase was not investigated. The extracellular regulators of YAP dephosphorylation (dpYAP) and nuclear translocation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are essentially unknown. RESULTS We showed here that LPA dose- and time-dependently induced dpYAP in human EOC cell lines OVCA433, OVCAR5, CAOV3, and Monty-1, accompanied by increased YAP nuclear translocation. YAP was involved in LPA-induced migration and invasion of EOC cells and LPA3 was a major LPA receptor mediating the migratory effect. We demonstrated that G13, but not or to a lesser extent G12, Gi or Gq, was necessary for LPA-induced dpYAP and its nuclear translocation and that RhoA-ROCK, but not RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, cdc42, PI3K, ERK, or AKT, were required for the LPA-dpYAP effect. In contrast to results in HEK293 cells, LPA did not inhibit Mst and Lats kinase in OVCA433 EOC cells. Instead, protein phosphatase 1A (PP1A) acted down-stream of RhoA in LPA-induction of dpYAP. In addition, we identified that amphiregulin (AREG), a down-stream target of YAP which activated EGF receptors (EGFR), mediated an LPA-stimulated and EGFR-dependent long-term (16 hr) cell migration. This process was transcription- and translation-dependent and was distinct from a transcription- and YAP-independent short-term (4 hr) cell migration. EOC tissues had reduced pYAP levels compared to normal and benign ovarian tissues, implying the involvement of dpYAP in EOC pathogenesis, as well as its potential marker and/or target values. CONCLUSIONS A novel LPA-LPA3-G13-RhoA-ROCK-PP1A-dpYAP-AREG-EGFR signaling pathway was linked to LPA-induced migration of EOC cells. Reduced pYAP levels were demonstrated in human EOC tumors as compared to both normal ovarian tissues and benign gynecologic masses. Our findings support that YAP is a potential marker and target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St. IB355A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St. IB355A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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10
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Qian Y, Hamilton M, Sidduri A, Gabriel S, Ren Y, Peng R, Kondru R, Narayanan A, Truitt T, Hamid R, Chen Y, Zhang L, Fretland AJ, Sanchez RA, Chang KC, Lucas M, Schoenfeld RC, Laine D, Fuentes ME, Stevenson CS, Budd DC. Discovery of Highly Selective and Orally Active Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor-1 Antagonists with Potent Activity on Human Lung Fibroblasts. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7920-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301022v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Qian
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Matthew Hamilton
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Achyutharao Sidduri
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Stephen Gabriel
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Yonglin Ren
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Ruoqi Peng
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Rama Kondru
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Arjun Narayanan
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Terry Truitt
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Rachid Hamid
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Adrian J. Fretland
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Ruben Alvarez Sanchez
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Kung-Ching Chang
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Matthew Lucas
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Ryan C. Schoenfeld
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Dramane Laine
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Maria E. Fuentes
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Christopher S. Stevenson
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - David C. Budd
- Discovery
Chemistry, ‡Discovery Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases, §Discovery Technology, ∥Pharmaceutical and
Analytical Research, and ⊥Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Small Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
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