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Ponce D, Ramírez-Guerrero G, Balbi AL. The role of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of acute kidney injury in neurocritical patients: a retrospective Brazilian study. Perit Dial Int 2024:8968608231223385. [PMID: 38265013 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231223385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in the neurocritical intensive care unit and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. AKI and its treatment, including acute kidney replacement therapy, can expose patients to a secondary greater brain injury. This study aimed to explore the role of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in neurocritical AKI patients in relation to metabolic and fluid control, complications related to PD and outcome. METHODS Neurocritical AKI patients were treated by PD (prescribed Kt/V = 0.40/session) using a flexible catheter and a cycler and lactate as a buffer. RESULTS A total of 58 patients were included. The mean age was 61.8 ± 13.2 years, 65.5% were in the intensive care unit, 68.5% needed intravenous inotropic agents, 72.4% were on mechanical ventilation, APACHE II was 16 ± 6.67 and the main neurological diagnoses were stroke (25.9%) and intracerebral haemorrhage (31%). Ischaemic acute tubular necrosis (iATN) was the most common cause of AKI (51.7%), followed by nephrotoxic ATN AKI (25.8%). The main dialysis indications were uraemia and hypervolemia. Blood urea and creatinine levels stabilised after four sessions at around 48 ± 11 mg/dL and 2.9 ± 0.4 mg/dL, respectively. Negative fluid balance and ultrafiltration increased progressively and stabilised around 2.1 ± 0.4 L /day. Weekly delivered Kt/V was 2.6 ± 0.31. The median number of high-volume PD sessions was 6 (4-10). Peritonitis and mechanical complications were not frequent (8.6% and 10.3%, respectively). Mortality rate was 58.6%. Logistic regression identified as factors associated with death in neurocritical AKI patients: age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-2.16, p = 0.001), nephrotoxic AKI (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.69- 0.95, p = 0.03), mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.17-2.46, p = 0.01), intracerebral haemorrhage as main neurological diagnoses (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-2.11, p = 0.03) and negative fluid balance after two PD sessions (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.74-0.97, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that careful prescription may contribute to providing adequate treatment for most neurocritical AKI patients without contraindications for PD use, allowing adequate metabolic and fluid control, with no increase in the number of infectious, mechanical and metabolic complications. Mechanical ventilation, positive fluid balance and intracerebral haemorrhage were factors associated with mortality, while patients with nephrotoxic AKI had lower odds of mortality compared to those with septic and ischaemic AKI. Further studies are needed to investigate better the role of PD in neurocritical patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ponce
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo State - UNESP, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero
- Critical Care Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - André Luis Balbi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo State - UNESP, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu School of Medicine, Brazil
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Yaxley J, Scott T. Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis. Nefrologia 2023; 43:293-301. [PMID: 36517362 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is an important form of kidney replacement therapy. Most patients presenting with an unplanned, urgent need for dialysis are prescribed haemodialysis, leading to peritoneal dialysis underutilisation. Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis refers to treatment that is commenced within 2 weeks of catheter placement. Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis represents an efficacious, cost-effective alternative to the conventional approach of commencing dialysis. There is a paucity of evidence to guide management, however experience with the technique is increasing. This article overviews the rationale and practical application of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Yaxley
- Department of Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tahira Scott
- Department of Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Yaxley J, Scott T. Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Hausinger R, Schmaderer C, Heemann U, Bachmann Q. Innovationen in der Peritonealdialyse. DER NEPHROLOGE 2022; 17:85-91. [PMID: 34786026 PMCID: PMC8588934 DOI: 10.1007/s11560-021-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Die Peritonealdialyse (PD) war früher eine geläufige Behandlung beim akuten dialysepflichtigen Nierenversagen. Zugunsten kontinuierlicher, extrakorporaler Nierenersatzverfahren verschwand sie von der Bildfläche der westlichen Welt, wohingegen sie in strukturarmen Ländern aufgrund ihrer Simplizität und geringen Ressourcenintensität weiter eingesetzt wird. Die Engpässe in der medizinischen Versorgung im Rahmen der COVID-19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Pandemie führten kürzlich zu erneuter weltweiter Beachtung der PD als sichere Option beim akuten dialysepflichtigen Nierenversagen. Von der Einführung biokompatibler Lösungen vor 20 Jahren war eine Reduktion von Mortalität oder technischem Versagen erwartet worden. Leider konnten Studien dieses bisher allenfalls andeuten, nicht aber beweisen. Eine innovative Option stellen immunmodulatorische Adjuvanzien dar, die die lokale Immunkompetenz verbessern und den Verlust der Funktion des Peritoneums verhindern sollen. Derzeit rückt die Vision einer tragbaren künstlichen Niere immer näher. Auch eine Intensivierung der Dialysedosis erscheint mit minimaler Dialysatmenge erreichbar. In Zeiten der globalen Erderwärmung könnten durch die Regeneration von Dialysat nicht nur relevante Mengen an Wasser eingespart, sondern auch die CO2-Bilanz günstig beeinflusst werden. Zusammenfassend erlebt die PD derzeit einen zweiten Frühling. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Entwicklungen dieses Verfahrens.
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Nourse P, Cullis B, Finkelstein F, Numanoglu A, Warady B, Antwi S, McCulloch M. ISPD guidelines for peritoneal dialysis in acute kidney injury: 2020 Update (paediatrics). Perit Dial Int 2021; 41:139-157. [PMID: 33523772 DOI: 10.1177/0896860820982120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 1.1 Peritoneal dialysis is a suitable renal replacement therapy modality for treatment of acute kidney injury in children. (1C)2. Access and fluid delivery for acute PD in children.2.1 We recommend a Tenckhoff catheter inserted by a surgeon in the operating theatre as the optimal choice for PD access. (1B) (optimal)2.2 Insertion of a PD catheter with an insertion kit and using Seldinger technique is an acceptable alternative. (1C) (optimal)2.3 Interventional radiological placement of PD catheters combining ultrasound and fluoroscopy is an acceptable alternative. (1D) (optimal)2.4 Rigid catheters placed using a stylet should only be used when soft Seldinger catheters are not available, with the duration of use limited to <3 days to minimize the risk of complications. (1C) (minimum standard)2.5 Improvised PD catheters should only be used when no standard PD access is available. (practice point) (minimum standard)2.6 We recommend the use of prophylactic antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion. (1B) (optimal)2.7 A closed delivery system with a Y connection should be used. (1A) (optimal) A system utilizing buretrols to measure fill and drainage volumes should be used when performing manual PD in small children. (practice point) (optimal)2.8 In resource limited settings, an open system with spiking of bags may be used; however, this should be designed to limit the number of potential sites for contamination and ensure precise measurement of fill and drainage volumes. (practice point) (minimum standard)2.9 Automated peritoneal dialysis is suitable for the management of paediatric AKI, except in neonates for whom fill volumes are too small for currently available machines. (1D)3. Peritoneal dialysis solutions for acute PD in children3.1 The composition of the acute peritoneal dialysis solution should include dextrose in a concentration designed to achieve the target ultrafiltration. (practice point)3.2 Once potassium levels in the serum fall below 4 mmol/l, potassium should be added to dialysate using sterile technique. (practice point) (optimal) If no facilities exist to measure the serum potassium, consideration should be given for the empiric addition of potassium to the dialysis solution after 12 h of continuous PD to achieve a dialysate concentration of 3-4 mmol/l. (practice point) (minimum standard)3.3 Serum concentrations of electrolytes should be measured 12 hourly for the first 24 h and daily once stable. (practice point) (optimal) In resource poor settings, sodium and potassium should be measured daily, if practical. (practice point) (minimum standard)3.4 In the setting of hepatic dysfunction, hemodynamic instability and persistent/worsening metabolic acidosis, it is preferable to use bicarbonate containing solutions. (1D) (optimal) Where these solutions are not available, the use of lactate containing solutions is an alternative. (2D) (minimum standard)3.5 Commercially prepared dialysis solutions should be used. (1C) (optimal) However, where resources do not permit this, locally prepared fluids may be used with careful observation of sterile preparation procedures and patient outcomes (e.g. rate of peritonitis). (1C) (minimum standard)4. Prescription of acute PD in paediatric patients4.1 The initial fill volume should be limited to 10-20 ml/kg to minimize the risk of dialysate leakage; a gradual increase in the volume to approximately 30-40 ml/kg (800-1100 ml/m2) may occur as tolerated by the patient. (practice point)4.2 The initial exchange duration, including inflow, dwell and drain times, should generally be every 60-90 min; gradual prolongation of the dwell time can occur as fluid and solute removal targets are achieved. In neonates and small infants, the cycle duration may need to be reduced to achieve adequate ultrafiltration. (practice point)4.3 Close monitoring of total fluid intake and output is mandatory with a goal to achieve and maintain normotension and euvolemia. (1B)4.4 Acute PD should be continuous throughout the full 24-h period for the initial 1-3 days of therapy. (1C)4.5 Close monitoring of drug dosages and levels, where available, should be conducted when providing acute PD. (practice point)5. Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis (CFPD)5.1 Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis can be considered as a PD treatment option when an increase in solute clearance and ultrafiltration is desired but cannot be achieved with standard acute PD. Therapy with this technique should be considered experimental since experience with the therapy is limited. (practice point) 5.2 Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis can be considered for dialysis therapy in children with AKI when the use of only very small fill volumes is preferred (e.g. children with high ventilator pressures). (practice point).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nourse
- Pediatric Nephrology Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, 37716University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brett Cullis
- Hilton Life Hospital, Renal and Intensive Care Units, Hilton, South Africa
| | | | - Alp Numanoglu
- Department of Surgery 63731Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bradley Warady
- Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Sampson Antwi
- Department of Child Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mignon McCulloch
- Pediatric Nephrology Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, 37716University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Okan MA, Topçuoglu S, Karadag NN, Ozalkaya E, Karatepe HO, Vardar G, Celayir A, Karatekin G. Acute Peritoneal Dialysis in Premature Infants. Indian Pediatr 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hoste EAJ, Kellum JA, Selby NM, Zarbock A, Palevsky PM, Bagshaw SM, Goldstein SL, Cerdá J, Chawla LS. Global epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 14:607-625. [PMID: 30135570 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered syndrome associated with various aetiologies and pathophysiological processes leading to decreased kidney function. In addition to retention of waste products, impaired electrolyte homeostasis and altered drug concentrations, AKI induces a generalized inflammatory response that affects distant organs. Full recovery of kidney function is uncommon, which leaves these patients at risk of long-term morbidity and death. Estimates of AKI prevalence range from <1% to 66%. These variations can be explained by not only population differences but also inconsistent use of standardized AKI classification criteria. The aetiology and incidence of AKI also differ between high-income and low-to-middle-income countries. High-income countries show a lower incidence of AKI than do low-to-middle-income countries, where contaminated water and endemic diseases such as malaria contribute to a high burden of AKI. Outcomes of AKI are similar to or more severe than those of patients in high-income countries. In all resource settings, suboptimal early recognition and care of patients with AKI impede their recovery and lead to high mortality, which highlights unmet needs for improved detection and diagnosis of AKI and for efforts to improve care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A J Hoste
- Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- University of Münster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul M Palevsky
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stuart L Goldstein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jorge Cerdá
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Tandukar S, Palevsky PM. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Who, When, Why, and How. Chest 2018; 155:626-638. [PMID: 30266628 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used to provide renal support for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, particularly patients who are hemodynamically unstable. A variety of techniques that differ in their mode of solute clearance may be used, including continuous venovenous hemofiltration with predominantly convective solute clearance, continuous venovenous hemodialysis with predominantly diffusive solute clearance, and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, which combines both dialysis and hemofiltration. The present article compares CRRT with other modalities of renal support and reviews indications for initiation of renal replacement therapy, as well as dosing and technical aspects in the management of CRRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Tandukar
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Paul M Palevsky
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Renal Section, Medical Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Stewart IJ, Bolanos JA, Little DJ, Chung KK, Sosnov JA, Miller N, Poirier MD, Saenz KK, McAlister VC, Moghadam S, Kao R, Stockinger ZT. Hyperkalemia and Dialysis in the Deployed Setting. Mil Med 2018; 183:147-152. [PMID: 30189053 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a recognized complication of combat trauma. The complications associated with acute kidney injury, such as life-threatening hyperkalemia, are usually delayed in onset. In the recent conflicts, rapid evacuation of U.S. and coalition personnel generally resulted in these complications occurring at higher echelons of care where renal replacement therapies were available. In the future however, deployed providers may not have this luxury and should be prepared to temporize patients while they await transport. In this clinical practice guideline, recommendations are made for the management of patients with, or at risk for, acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia in the austere, deployed environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Stewart
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Jonathan A Bolanos
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Dustin J Little
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Kevin K Chung
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Jonathan A Sosnov
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Nancy Miller
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Mark D Poirier
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Kristin K Saenz
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Vivian C McAlister
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Soraya Moghadam
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Ray Kao
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Zsolt T Stockinger
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
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Successful treatment of acute renal failure secondary to complicated infective endocarditis by peritoneal dialysis: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:463. [PMID: 28882165 PMCID: PMC5590162 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis is one of the most common infections among intravenous drug addicts. Its complications can affect many systems, and these can include acute renal failure. There is a scarcity of cases in the literature related to acute renal failure secondary to infective endocarditis treated with peritoneal dialysis. In this paper, the case of a 48-year-old Saudi male is reported, who presented with features suggestive of infective endocarditis and who developed acute kidney injury that was treated successfully with high tidal volume automated peritoneal dialysis. To our knowledge, this is the second report of such an association in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year-old Saudi gentleman diagnosed to have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and hepatitis C infection for the last 9 years, presented to the emergency department with a history of fever of 2 days' duration. On examination: his temperature = 41 °C, there was clubbing of the fingers bilaterally and a pansystolic murmur in the left parasternal area. The results of the blood cultures and echocardiogram were supportive of the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, and the patient subsequently developed acute kidney injury, and his creatinine reached 5.2 mg/dl, a level for which dialysis is essential for the patient to survive. CONCLUSION High tidal volume automated peritoneal dialysis is highly effective as a renal replacement therapy in acute renal failure secondary to infective endocarditis if no contraindication is present.
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Mehta RL, Burdmann EA, Cerdá J, Feehally J, Finkelstein F, García-García G, Godin M, Jha V, Lameire NH, Levin NW, Lewington A, Lombardi R, Macedo E, Rocco M, Aronoff-Spencer E, Tonelli M, Zhang J, Remuzzi G. Recognition and management of acute kidney injury in the International Society of Nephrology 0by25 Global Snapshot: a multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet 2016; 387:2017-25. [PMID: 27086173 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data for acute kidney injury are scarce, especially in low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess regional differences in acute kidney injury recognition, management, and outcomes. METHODS In this multinational cross-sectional study, 322 physicians from 289 centres in 72 countries collected prospective data for paediatric and adult patients with confirmed acute kidney injury in hospital and non-hospital settings who met criteria for acute kidney injury. Signs and symptoms at presentation, comorbidities, risk factors for acute kidney injury, and process-of-care data were obtained at the start of acute kidney injury, and need for dialysis, renal recovery, and mortality recorded at 7 days, and at hospital discharge or death, whichever came earlier. We classified countries into high-income countries (HICs), upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), and combined LICs and LMICs (LLMICs) according to their 2014 gross national income per person. FINDINGS Between Sept 29 and Dec 7, 2014, data were collected from 4018 patients. 2337 (58%) patients developed community-acquired acute kidney injury, with 889 (80%) of 1118 patients in LLMICs, 815 (51%) of 1594 in UMICs, and 663 (51%) of 1241 in HICs (for HICs vs UMICs p=0.33; p<0.0001 for all other comparisons). Hypotension (1615 [40%] patients) and dehydration (1536 [38%] patients) were the most common causes of acute kidney injury. Dehydration was the most frequent cause of acute kidney injury in LLMICs (526 [46%] of 1153 vs 518 [32%] of 1605 in UMICs vs 492 [39%] of 1260 in HICs) and hypotension in HICs (564 [45%] of 1260 vs 611 [38%%] of 1605 in UMICs vs 440 [38%] of 1153 LLMICs). Mortality at 7 days was 423 (11%) of 3855, and was higher in LLMICs (129 [12%] of 1076) than in HICs (125 [10%] of 1230) and UMICs (169 [11%] of 1549). INTERPRETATION We identified common aetiological factors across all countries, which might be amenable to a standardised approach for early recognition and treatment of acute kidney injury. Study limitations include a small number of patients from outpatient settings and LICs, potentially under-representing the true burden of acute kidney injury in these areas. Additional strategies are needed to raise awareness of acute kidney injury in community health-care settings, especially in LICs. FUNDING International Society of Nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra L Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Emmanuel A Burdmann
- LIM 12, Division of Nephrology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Cerdá
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - John Feehally
- Renal Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Guillermo García-García
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melanie Godin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- The George Institute for Global Health India, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Norbert H Lameire
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan W Levin
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Raúl Lombardi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Servicio Médico Integral, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Etienne Macedo
- LIM 12, Division of Nephrology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Rocco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Medicine, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Mehta RL, Cerdá J, Burdmann EA, Tonelli M, García-García G, Jha V, Susantitaphong P, Rocco M, Vanholder R, Sever MS, Cruz D, Jaber B, Lameire NH, Lombardi R, Lewington A, Feehally J, Finkelstein F, Levin N, Pannu N, Thomas B, Aronoff-Spencer E, Remuzzi G. International Society of Nephrology's 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology. Lancet 2015; 385:2616-43. [PMID: 25777661 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra L Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Jorge Cerdá
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Burdmann
- LIM 12, Division of Nephrology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guillermo García-García
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paweena Susantitaphong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rocco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Sukru Sever
- Department of Nephrology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Mehmet, Turkey
| | - Dinna Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Jaber
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert H Lameire
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raúl Lombardi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, SMI, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernadette Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Medicine, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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14
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Cullis B, Abdelraheem M, Abrahams G, Balbi A, Cruz DN, Frishberg Y, Koch V, McCulloch M, Numanoglu A, Nourse P, Pecoits-Filho R, Ponce D, Warady B, Yeates K, Finkelstein FO. Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury. Perit Dial Int 2015; 34:494-517. [PMID: 25074995 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cullis
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USARenal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, U
| | - Mohamed Abdelraheem
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Georgi Abrahams
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Andre Balbi
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Dinna N Cruz
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Yaacov Frishberg
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Vera Koch
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Mignon McCulloch
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Alp Numanoglu
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Peter Nourse
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Daniela Ponce
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Bradley Warady
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Karen Yeates
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Fredric O Finkelstein
- Renal Unit, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Renal and Intensive Care Units, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India; Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Yale University, New Haven, USA
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15
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Abraham G, Varughese S, Mathew M, Vijayan M. A review of acute and chronic peritoneal dialysis in developing countries. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8:310-7. [PMID: 26034593 PMCID: PMC4440475 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) are available for the management of acute kidney injury (AKI) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While developed countries mainly use hemodialysis as a form of RRT, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been increasingly utilized in developing countries. Chronic PD offers various benefits including lower cost, home-based therapy, single access, less requirement of highly trained personnel and major infrastructure, higher number of patients under a single nephrologist with probably improved quality of life and freedom of activities. PD has been found to be lifesaving in the management of AKI in patients in developing countries where facilities for other forms of RRT are not readily available. The International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis has published guidelines regarding the use of PD in AKI, which has helped in ensuring uniformity. PD has also been successfully used in certain special situations of AKI due to snake bite, malaria, febrile illness, following cardiac surgery and in poisoning. Hemodialysis is the most common form of RRT used in ESRD worldwide, but some countries have begun to adopt a 'PD first' policy to reduce healthcare costs of RRT and ensure that it reaches the underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Abraham
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India ; Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu , India
| | | | - Milly Mathew
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital , Chennai, Tamil Nadu , India
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16
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Góes CR, Berbel MN, Balbi AL, Ponce D. Metabolic implications of peritoneal dialysis in patients with acute kidney injury. Perit Dial Int 2014; 33:635-45. [PMID: 24335124 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for selected acute kidney injury patients (AKI), but little is known about its metabolic implications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic implications of glucose absorption, sodium removal, protein loss into the dialysate, and catabolism in AKI patients undergoing high-volume PD and to identify risk factors associated with those metabolic effects. METHODS A prospective cohort study over 18 consecutive months evaluated 208 sessions of high-volume PD performed in 31 AKI patients. One session of high-volume PD lasted 24 hours. Repeated-measures analysis was performed, and correlations were calculated using the Spearman test for continuous variables and generalized linear models for categorical variables. RESULTS Glucose absorption remained at approximately 35.3% ± 10.5% per session. Protein loss measured 4.2 ± 6.1 g daily, with higher values initially, which declined significantly after 2 sessions. Nitrogen balance (NB) was initially negative, but stabilized at approximately zero after 3 sessions. Glucose uptake was positively correlated with the Acute Tubular Necrosis Individual Severity Score [ATNISS (r = 0.21, p = 0.0036)], C-reactive protein (r = 0.26, p = 0.0167), protein loss (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001), and sodium removal (r = 0.24, p = 0.002). Protein loss was positively correlated with sodium removal (r = 0.22, p = 0.0085) and gastrointestinal disease (p = 0.0004). Sodium removal was positively correlated with serum sodium (r = 0.21, p = 0.0064), ATNISS (r = 0.15, p = 0.0411), urea nitrogen appearance [UNA (r = 0.24, p = 0.0019)], and fluid overload as an indication for dialysis (p < 0.0001). Urea nitrogen appearance was positively correlated with the indication for dialysis (electrolyte disturbances: p = 0.0287) and negatively correlated with nephrotoxic AKI (p < 0.0001). Nitrogen balance was negatively correlated with UNA (r = -0.389, p < 0.0001) and ischemic AKI (p = 0.0047). CONCLUSIONS High-volume PD did not increase hypercatabolism in AKI patients, and protein loss and glucose uptake remained constant during treatment. Those parameters were influenced by the clinical condition of the patients, including the cause of AKI, inflammation, and comorbidities-factors that should be known before the prescription of dialysis and nutrition, thus avoiding metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and worsening catabolism.
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17
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Lombardi R, Rosa-Diez G, Ferreiro A, Greloni G, Yu L, Younes-Ibrahim M, Burdmann EA, Plata-Cornejo R, Granado RCD, e Silva ACA, Naseri AP, Balbi A, Teixeira AA, Stein A, Vieira AE, de Almeida Inda AJ, Pereira B, Cortez CC, Fraga CN, Chula DC, d'Avila DO, Romao EA, de Lima E, Klaus F, Santos FRL, Barcellos FC, Herdoiza G, Dos Santos GM, Lotaif LD, Peres LAB, Yu L, Miorin LA, de Andrade MC, Vannucchi MTI, Oliveira M, Younes-Ibrahim M, Huehara M, dos Santos OP, Neto OV, de Medeiros RN, Laranja S, Sobral TD, de Castro Santos T, Dutra W, Pacheco A, Boltansky A, Cortes DES, Briones E, Quintana E, Roessler E, Goecke H, Hurtado H, Flores JC, Penaloza JC, Espinoza M, Alvarez M, Nunez M, Quintero N, Downey P, Wainstein R, Ayca V, Garces EO, Calderon MC, Almonte AF, Dominguez CC, Jimenez R, Rodriguez S, Cruz CS, Acosta DJ, Ortiz F, Vivas NM, Correa-Rotter R, Cueto-Manzano A, de Freitas Patino O, Benitez DC, Gimenez E, Brizuela R, Bobadilla SCF, Hurtado A, Kalugina A, Huaman C, Postigo C, Loza C, Maldonado E, Solis G, Sakihara G, Hernandez J, Gonzalez JL, Rodriguez J, Fiestas M, Hinojosa R, Barreto R, Ferreiro A, Operti A, Maino A, Alvarez A, Gelabert B, Szpinak B, Burgos C, Verdaguer C, Rugnitz E, Tambucho D, Gronros E, Gonzalez F, Olaizola I, Panissa J, Fernandez-Cean J, Garcia M, Mautone M, Odriozola M, Forselledo M, Andrade M, Labella M, Dibello N, Canzani O, Marchese R, Llopart T, Matonte V, Maseda C, Oteiza DU, Rumbos LO, Moreno MD. Acute kidney injury in Latin America: a view on renal replacement therapy resources. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:1369-76. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Góes CR, Berbel MN, Balbi AL, Ponce D. Approach to the Metabolic Implications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury. Perit Dial Int 2014; 35:397-405. [PMID: 24497593 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 1970s and 1980s, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was widely accepted as the standard treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, advances in the techniques of extracorporeal blood purification gradually reduced its use, making PD an underused modality in this context. Although PD for AKI is an underutilized modality worldwide, it is frequently used in developing countries because of its lower cost and minimal infrastructure requirements. Recent studies have shown that PD administered continuously through a flexible catheter and cycler is an effective treatment in AKI because it ensures adequate fluid status and metabolic control. However, the use of PD in AKI has several limitations, such as the need for an intact peritoneal cavity and, in emergency situations such as severe fluid overload and severe hyperkalemia, an efficacy that is lower than that with extracorporeal blood purification techniques. Metabolic, infectious, and mechanical disorders related to PD are also limitations.Among the metabolic complications of PD are hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, protein loss into the dialysate, and hypercatabolism. Hyperglycemia is caused by the use of dialysate containing high concentrations of glucose. Hypernatremia is a result of short dialysate dwell times during the rapid exchanges of high-volume PD. Protein loss into the dialysate can reach 48 g daily, worsening the nutrition status of patients already depleted by AKI. Severe hypercatabolism caused by PD remains controversial and occurs because PD methods cannot provide an adequate dialysis dose for AKI patients.Few studies have assessed the metabolic implications of PD in AKI patients. Evaluation of these implications is relatively simple, imposes no additional costs, and can provide information about the severity of the disease. Evaluation could also guide the selection of therapeutic, dialytic, and nutrition measures, preventing metabolic complications. The present manuscript describes the metabolic implications of PD and reviews the literature on how to prevent metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiana Regina Góes
- Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Nogueira Berbel
- Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Balbi
- Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ponce
- Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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A randomized clinical trial of high volume peritoneal dialysis versus extended daily hemodialysis for acute kidney injury patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 45:869-78. [PMID: 23065432 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis in critically ill patients is associated with an in-hospital mortality rate of 50-80 %. Extended daily hemodialysis (EHD) and high volume peritoneal dialysis (HVPD) have emerged as alternative modalities. METHODS A double-center, randomized, controlled trial was conducted comparing EHD versus HVPD for the treatment for AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU). Four hundred and seven patients were randomized and 143 patients were analyzed. Principal outcome measure was hospital mortality, and secondary end points were recovery of renal function and metabolic and fluid control. RESULTS There was no difference between the two groups in relation to median ICU stay [11 (5.7-20) vs. 9 (5.7-19)], recovery of kidney function (26.9 vs. 29.6 %, p = 0.11), need for chronic dialysis (9.7 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.23), and hospital mortality (63.4 vs. 63.9 %, p = 0.94). The groups were different in metabolic and fluid control. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and bicarbonate levels were stabilized faster in EHD group than in HVPD group. Delivered Kt/V and ultrafiltration were higher in EHD group. Despite randomization, there were significant differences between the groups in some covariates, including age, pre-dialysis BUN, and creatinine levels, biased in favor of the EHD. Using logistic regression to adjust for the imbalances in group assignment, the odds of death associated with HVPD was 1.4 (95 % CI 0.7-2.4, p = 0.19). A detailed investigation of the randomization process failed to explain the marked differences in patient assignment. CONCLUSIONS Despite faster metabolic control and higher dialysis dose and ultrafiltration with EHD, this study provides no evidence of a survival benefit of EHD compared with HVPD. The limitations of this study were that the results were not presented according to the intention to treat and it did not control other supportive management strategies as nutrition support and timing of dialysis initiation that might influence outcomes in AKI.
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Genc G, Bicakci U, Gunaydin M, Tander B, Aygun C, Ozkaya O, Rizalar R, Ariturk E, Kucukoduk S, Bernay F. Temporary peritoneal dialysis in newborns and children: a single-center experience over five years. Ren Fail 2012; 34:1058-61. [PMID: 22906229 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.715574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the indications, complications, and outcomes of temporary peritoneal dialysis (TPD) in children with acute renal failure (ARF). PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients undergoing TPD between February 2006 and January 2011 in a children's hospital were included in the study. Patient characteristics, indications, complications, and duration of TPD (DPD), requirement of re-operation, length of stay, presence of sepsis, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS There were 21 newborns (14 prematures), 9 infants, and 9 children. The main nephrotoxic agents were gentamicin (n = 7), netilmisin (n = 5), vancomycin (n = 3), and ibuprophen (n = 3). Patients with multiorgan failure (n = 9) had significantly higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels than those without multiorgan failure (n = 30) [BUN: 94 ± 27.3 vs. 34.3 ± 4.9) and creatinine: 4.1 ± 0.8 vs. 1.9 ± 0.2)]. The mean DPD was longer in mature patients than in prematures (newborn: 3.7; children: 7.1). Nine complications were observed (23%) (leakage in three and poor drainage in six patients). Twenty-five patients (64.1%) responded to TPD treatment and were discharged, and 14 patients (10 newborns and 7 of them were premature) died (35.9%). Mortality rate was higher in prematures (n = 7) and patients with a history of nephrotoxic agent (n = 10). CONCLUSION TPD is effective especially in neonates with ARF and it is a reliable alternative to the hemodialysis or other continuous renal replacement therapies but it is not free of complications. It has limited effects, particularly in patients with multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Genc
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Ponce D, Berbel MN, Regina de Goes C, Almeida CTP, Balbi AL. High-Volume Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:887-894. [DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11131111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Background and objectives
Peritoneal dialysis is still used for AKI in developing countries despite concerns about its limitations. The objective of this study was to explore the role of high-volume peritoneal dialysis in AKI patients in relation to metabolic and fluid control, outcome, and risk factors associated with death.
Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A prospective study was performed on 204 AKI patients who were assigned to high-volume peritoneal dialysis (prescribed Kt/V=0.60/session) by flexible catheter and cycler; 150 patients (80.2%) were included in the final analysis.
Results
Mean age was 63.8±15.8 years, 70% of patients were in the intensive care unit, and sepsis was the main etiology of AKI (54.7%). BUN and creatinine levels stabilized after four sessions at around 50 and 4 mg/dl, respectively. Fluid removal and nitrogen balance increased progressively and stabilized around 1200 ml and −1 g/d after four sessions, respectively. Weekly delivered Kt/V was 3.5±0.68. Regarding AKI outcome, 23% of patients presented renal function recovery, 6.6% of patients remained on dialysis after 30 days, and 57.3% of patients died. Age and sepsis were identified as risk factors for death. In urine output, increase of 1 g in nitrogen balance and increase of 500 ml in ultrafiltration after three sessions were identified as protective factors.
Conclusions
High-volume peritoneal dialysis is effective for a selected AKI patient group, allowing adequate metabolic and fluid control. Age, sepsis, and urine output as well as nitrogen balance and ultrafiltration after three high-volume peritoneal dialysis sessions were associated significantly with death.
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