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Asgharzadeh F, Memarzia A, Alikhani V, Beigoli S, Boskabady MH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Key regulators of tumor progression and growth. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102039. [PMID: 38917593 PMCID: PMC11254173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main causes of death on the globe is cancer. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which are important in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. PPARs are receiving interest as possible therapeutic targets for a number of disorders. Numerous clinical studies are being conducted on PPARs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer. Therefore, this review will focus on the existing and future uses of PPARs agonists and antagonists in treating malignancies. PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on various types of cancers until the end of May 2023. The results of the review articles showed the therapeutic influence of PPARs on a wide range of cancer on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be conducted on the influence of PPARs on various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Alikhani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ben Ali F, Qmichou Z, Oukabli M, Dakka N, Bakri Y, Eddouks M, Ameziane El Hassani R. Alteration of glucose metabolism and expression of glucose transporters in ovarian cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:384-399. [PMID: 38745772 PMCID: PMC11090687 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis also known as the Warburg effect, remains a hallmark of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. Cancer cells undergo metabolic changes to sustain their tumorigenic properties and adapt to environmental conditions, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation. Altered metabolic pathways not only facilitate ovarian cancer cells' survival and proliferation but also endow them to metastasize, develop resistance to chemotherapy, maintain cancer stem cell phenotype, and escape anti-tumor immune responses. Glucose transporters (GLUTs), which play a pivotal role as the rate-limiting step in glycolysis, are frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Multiple oncoproteins can regulate GLUT proteins, promoting tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis, either dependent or independent of glycolysis. This review examines the alteration of GLUT proteins, particularly GLUT1, in ovarian cancer and its impact on cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. Additionally, it highlights the role of these proteins as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in ovarian cancer, and delves into novel therapeutic strategies currently under development that target GLUT isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco
| | - Zineb Qmichou
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat 10001, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oukabli
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V (HMIMV-R), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco
| | - Nadia Dakka
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia BP 509, Morocco
| | - Rabii Ameziane El Hassani
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPatH), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10001, Morocco
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Chang WH, Lai AG. The pan‐cancer mutational landscape of the PPAR pathway reveals universal patterns of dysregulated metabolism and interactions with tumor immunity and hypoxia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1448:65-82. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hoong Chang
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Alvina G. Lai
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
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Mashayekhi S, Yousefi B, Tohidi E, Darband SG, Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari M, Sadighparvar S, Kaviani M, Shafiei‐Irannejad V, Kafil HS, Karimian A, Jadidi‐Niaragh F, Majidinia M. Overexpression of tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) by ciglitazone sensitizes doxorubicin‐resistance leukemia cancer cells to treatment. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15719-15729. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mashayekhi
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ehsan Tohidi
- Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | | | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | | | - Maryam Majidinia
- Tumor Research Center Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
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Zajdel A, Kałucka M, Chodurek E, Wilczok A. DHA but not AA Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1118-1125. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1497673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Zajdel
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kałucka
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Chodurek
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Adam Wilczok
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Weng JR, Bai LY, Lin WY. Identification of a Triterpenoid as a Novel PPARγ Activator Derived from Formosan Plants. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1722-1730. [PMID: 28856793 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), one of the transcription factors that regulate lipid metabolism and energy use in tumor cells, is a viable target for cancer therapy. In our search for potential PPARγ activator, extracts from five Formosan plants were tested. Among them, Momordica charantia L. showed the highest ability to activate PPARγ, which led us to identify its potential constituents. Among the seven compounds isolated from M. charantia, a triterpenoid, 5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3β,25-diol (compound 1), was identified as a PPARγ activator with an IC50 of 10 μM in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that compound 1 induced G1 cell cycle arrest which might be attributable to the modulation of phosphorylation and expression of numerous key signaling effectors, including cyclin D1, CDK6, and p53. Notably, compound 1 downregulated the expression of histone deacetylase 1, leading to increased histone H3 acetylation. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 1 may have therapeutic applications in cancer treatment through PPARγ activation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinmen Hospital, Kinmen, 89142, Taiwan
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Wuertz BR, Darrah L, Wudel J, Ondrey FG. Thiazolidinediones abrogate cervical cancer growth. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:63-71. [PMID: 28219679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) is activated by thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) and can promote anti-cancer properties. We used three TZDs (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and ciglitazone) to target cervical cancer cell lines and a nude mouse animal model. Each agent increased activation of PPAR γ, as judged by a luciferase reporter gene assay in three HPV-associated cell lines (CaSki, SiHa, and HeLa cells) while decreasing cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They also promoted Oil Red O accumulation in treated cell lines and upregulated the lipid differentiation marker adipsin. Interestingly, xenograft HeLa tumors in nude mice treated with 100mg/kg/day pioglitazone exhibited decreased growth compared to control mice or mice treated with standard cervical chemotherapy. In conclusion, TZDs slow tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo with decreases in cell proliferation and increases in PPAR γ and adipsin. These agents may be interesting treatments or treatment adjuncts for HPV-associated cancers or perhaps even precancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly R Wuertz
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lindsay Darrah
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Justin Wudel
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Wan XH, Fu X, Ababaikeli G. Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Growth Suppression on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells More Effectively than Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:320-7. [PMID: 26942868 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1142581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to possess definitively suppressive effects on the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. This study investigated the differential effects of pure EPA and DHA on the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and the potential molecular mechanisms that may be involved. There were significant time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects of both EPA and DHA on cellular proliferation of the epithelial ovarian cancer cell line TOV-21G (P < 0.05). TOV-21G cells pretreated with peroxisome proliferator receptor activator gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, GW9662, markedly suppressed EPA/DHA-induced apoptosis as determined by TUNEL assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and caspase-3 activity. EPA/DHA significantly induced PPARγ and p53 overexpression as observed in immunoblotting assay and the induction of p53 by EPA/DHA was abolished by GW9662. In all cases, the effect of DHA was significantly more potent than that of EPA (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested that DHA may be more effective than EPA in growth suppression of TOV-21G cells and the biologic effects may be partly mediated by PPARγ and p53 activation. Further research is required to elucidate additional divergent mechanisms to account for apparent differences between EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wan
- a Department of Gynecology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Xinjiang , China
| | - Xi Fu
- a Department of Gynecology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Xinjiang , China
| | - Gulina Ababaikeli
- a Department of Gynecology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Xinjiang , China
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Ren P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yang Y, Jiang M. Functions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Gynecologic Disorders. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:43-9. [PMID: 25987855 PMCID: PMC4412418 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of a class of nuclear hormone receptors intimately involved in the regulation of expression of myriad genes that regulate energy metabolism, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Although originally discovered as a pivotal regulator of adipocyte differentiation, the roles that PPARγ plays in gynecological disorders are still unknown. There are a number of studies on the functions of PPARγ and its agonists in gynecological disorders. In this mini-review, we provide a brief summary of the advances in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Shin SJ, Kim JY, Kwon SY, Mun KC, Cho CH, Ha E. Ciglitazone enhances ovarian cancer cell death via inhibition of glucose transporter-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 743:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Koyama N, Nishida Y, Ishii T, Yoshida T, Furukawa Y, Narahara H. Telmisartan induces growth inhibition, DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93050. [PMID: 24667764 PMCID: PMC3965508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 blocker, is often used as an antihypertension drug, and it has also been characterized as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligand. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the antitumor effects of telmisartan on endometrial cancer cells. We treated three endometrial cancer cell lines with various concentrations of telmisartan, and we investigated the effects of the telmisartan on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and their related measurements in vitro. We also administered telmisartan to nude mice with experimental tumors to determine its in vivo effects and toxicity. All three endometrial cancer cell lines were sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effect of telmisartan. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed in concert with the altered expression of genes and proteins related to the apoptosis. We also observed that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were induced in HHUA (human endometrial cancer) cells by telmisartan treatment. In addition, experiments in nude mice showed that telmisartan significantly inhibited human endometrial tumor growth, without toxic side effects. Our results suggest that telmisartan might be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Koyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Terukazu Ishii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshie Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Furukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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D’Archivio M, Scazzocchio B, Giammarioli S, Fiani ML, Varì R, Santangelo C, Veneziani A, Iacovelli A, Giovannini C, Gessani S, Masella R. ω3-PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory activity in visceral adipocytes from colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77432. [PMID: 24116229 PMCID: PMC3792028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to correlate specific fatty acid profiles of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) with inflammatory signatures potentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Human adipocytes were isolated from biopsies of visceral WAT from 24 subjects subdivided in four groups: normal-weight (BMI 22.0-24.9 Kg/m2) and over-weight/obese (BMI 26.0-40.0 Kg/m2), affected or not by CRC. To define whether obesity and/or CRC affect the inflammatory status of WAT, the activation of the pro-inflammatory STAT3 and the anti-inflammatory PPARγ transcription factors as well as the expression of adiponectin were analyzed by immunoblotting in adipocytes isolated from each group of subjects. Furthermore, to evaluate whether differences in inflammatory WAT environment correlate with specific fatty acid profiles, gas-chromatographic analysis was carried out on WAT collected from all subject categories. Finally, the effect of the ω3 docosahexaenoic acid treatment on the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in adipocytes was also evaluated. Results We provide the first evidence for the existence of a pro-inflammatory environment in WAT of CRC patients, as assessed by the up-regulation of STAT3, and the concomitant decrease of PPARγ and adiponectin with respect to healthy subjects. WAT inflammatory status was independent of obesity degree but correlated with a decreased ω3-/ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. These observations suggested that qualitative changes, other than quantitative ones, in WAT fatty acid may influence tissue dysfunctions potentially linked to inflammatory conditions. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that adipocyte treatment with docosahexaenoic acid restored the equilibrium between STAT3 and PPARγ. Conclusion Our results suggest that adipocyte dysfunctions occur in CRC patients creating a pro-inflammatory environment that might influence cancer development. Furthermore, the protective potential of docosahexaenoic acid in re-establishing the equilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors might represent a useful tool for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo D’Archivio
- Department Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Maria L. Fiani
- Department Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Department Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Gessani
- Department Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Department Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
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Ivan C, Hu W, Bottsford-Miller J, Zand B, Dalton HJ, Liu T, Huang J, Nick AM, Lopez-Berestein G, Coleman RL, Baggerly KA, Sood AK. Epigenetic analysis of the Notch superfamily in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 128:506-11. [PMID: 23200915 PMCID: PMC3645276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene methylation and other epigenetic modifications of gene regulation have been implicated in the growth of ovarian cancer, but the clinical significance of such modifications in the Notch pathway in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OvCa) is not well understood. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to study the clinical relevance of epigenetic modifications of Notch superfamily genes. METHODS We analyzed the interaction of DNA methylation and miRNAs with gene expression data for Notch superfamily members with the Spearman rank correlation test and explored potential relationships with overall survival (OS) with the log-rank test. We downloaded clinical data, level 3 gene expression data, and level 3 DNA methylation data for 480 patients with stage II-IV HGS-OvCa from the TCGA data portal. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts for survival analyses. In each set, patients were grouped into percentiles according to methylation and microRNA (miRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. We used several algorithms to predict miRNA-mRNA interaction. RESULTS There were significant inverse relationships between methylation status and mRNA expression for PPARG, CCND1, and RUNX1. For each of these genes, patients with a lower methylation level and higher expression level had significantly poorer OS than did patients with a higher methylation level and lower expression level. We also found a significant inverse relationship between miRNAs and mRNA expression for CCND1, PPARG, and RUNX1. By further analyzing the effect of miRNAs on gene expression and OS, we found that patients with higher levels of CCND1, PPARG, and RUNX1 expression and lower expression levels of their respective miRNAs (502-5p, 128, and 215/625) had significantly poorer OS. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic alterations of multiple Notch target genes and pathway interacting genes (PPARG, CCND1, and RUNX1) may relate to activation of this pathway and poor survival of patients with HGS-OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ivan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Justin Bottsford-Miller
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behrouz Zand
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heather J. Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alpa M. Nick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert L. Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith A. Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Li H, Narahara H. 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:778-88. [PMID: 23403520 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
15-Deoxy-∆(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, has been reported to have antiproliferative activity in certain types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on endometrial cancer cells, as well as the mechanism of action. Endometrial cancer-derived cells (HHUA, Ishikawa and HEC-59) were treated with various concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2), and its effects on cell growth, the cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated in vitro. Using cDNA microarrays, some potential targets of this drug were identified. All endometrial cancer cell lines were sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ(2). Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis were observed. Concerning the gene expression changes induced by 15d-PGJ(2) treatment, the upregulation of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) and the downregulation of anterior gradient homolog 3 (AGR3) and nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A) were confirmed using western blot analysis in all the cell lines examined. These results suggest that 15d-PGJ(2) may be a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-shi, Oita, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer has been the focus of research efforts working toward the greater goal of improving cancer therapy for patients with residual disease after initial treatment with conventional surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The focus of this review will be centered on new therapeutic strategies based on Cancer Stem Cells studies of chemoresistant subpopulations, the prevention of metastasis, and individualized therapy in order to find the most successful combination of treatments to effectively treat human ovarian cancer. We reviewed recent literature (1993-2011) of novel treatment approaches to ovarian cancer stem cells. As the focus of ovarian cancer investigation has centered on the cancer stem cell model and the complexities that it presents in the development of effective treatments, the future of treating ovarian cancer lies in utilizing individualized treatment systems that include enhancing existing treatments, aiming for novel therapy targets, managing the plasticity of stem cells to induce cellular differentiation, and regulating oncogenic signaling pathways.
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16
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Permuth-Wey J, Kim D, Tsai YY, Lin HY, Chen YA, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Birrer MJ, Bloom G, Chanock SJ, Chen Z, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Dagne G, Ebbert-Syfrett J, Fenstermacher D, Fridley BL, Garcia-Closas M, Gayther SA, Ge W, Gentry-Maharaj A, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Goode EL, Iversen E, Jim H, Kong W, McLaughlin J, Menon U, Monteiro AN, Narod SA, Pharoah PD, Phelan CM, Qu X, Ramus SJ, Risch H, Schildkraut JM, Song H, Stockwell H, Sutphen R, Terry KL, Tyrer J, Vierkant RA, Wentzensen N, Lancaster JM, Cheng JQ, Sellers TA. LIN28B polymorphisms influence susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3896-903. [PMID: 21482675 PMCID: PMC3107389 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defective microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis contributes to the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we examined the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in miRNA biogenesis genes may influence EOC risk. In an initial investigation, 318 SNPs in 18 genes were evaluated among 1,815 EOC cases and 1,900 controls, followed up by a replicative joint meta-analysis of data from an additional 2,172 cases and 3,052 controls. Of 23 SNPs from 9 genes associated with risk (empirical P < 0.05) in the initial investigation, the meta-analysis replicated 6 SNPs from the DROSHA, FMR1, LIN28, and LIN28B genes, including rs12194974 (G>A), an SNP in a putative transcription factor binding site in the LIN28B promoter region (summary OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98; P = 0.015) which has been recently implicated in age of menarche and other phenotypes. Consistent with reports that LIN28B overexpression in EOC contributes to tumorigenesis by repressing tumor suppressor let-7 expression, we provide data from luciferase reporter assays and quantitative RT-PCR to suggest that the inverse association among rs12194974 A allele carriers may be because of reduced LIN28B expression. Our findings suggest that variants in LIN28B and possibly other miRNA biogenesis genes may influence EOC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Permuth-Wey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y. Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Getachew Dagne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Sections of Epidemiology and Genetics at the Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London UK
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William Ge
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, London, UK
| | | | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William Kong
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John McLaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, London, UK
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Center for Research in Women’s Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaotao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Stockwell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Jin Q. Cheng
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Specific thiazolidinediones inhibit ovarian cancer cell line proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest in a PPARγ independent manner. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16179. [PMID: 21283708 PMCID: PMC3025024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, such as the thiazolinediones (TZDs), have been studied for their potential use as cancer therapeutic agents. We investigated the effect of four TZDs--Rosiglitazone (Rosi), Ciglitazone (CGZ), Troglitazone (TGZ), and Pioglitazone (Pio)--on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, PPARγ expression and PPAR luciferase reporter activity. We explored whether TZDs act in a PPARγ dependent or independent manner by utilizing molecular approaches to inhibit or overexpress PPARγ activity. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Treatment with CGZ or TGZ for 24 hours decreased proliferation in three ovarian cancer cell lines, Ovcar3, CaOv3, and Skov3, whereas Rosi and Pio had no effect. This decrease in Ovcar3 cell proliferation was due to a higher fraction of cells in the G(0)/G(1) stage of the cell cycle. CGZ and TGZ treatment increased apoptosis after 4 hours of treatment but not after 8 or 12 hours. Treatment with TGZ or CGZ increased PPARγ mRNA expression in Ovcar3 cells; however, protein levels were unchanged. Surprisingly, luciferase promoter assays revealed that none of the TZDs increased PPARγ activity. Overexpression of wild type PPARγ increased reporter activity. This was further augmented by TGZ, Rosi, and Pio indicating that these cells have the endogenous capacity to mediate PPARγ transactivation. To determine whether PPARγ mediates the TZD-induced decrease in proliferation, cells were treated with CGZ or TGZ in the absence or presence of a dominant negative (DN) or wild type overexpression PPARγ construct. Neither vector changed the TZD-mediated cell proliferation suggesting this effect of TZDs on ovarian cancer cells may be PPARγ independent. CONCLUSIONS CGZ and TGZ cause a decrease in ovarian cancer cell proliferation that is PPARγ independent. This concept is supported by the finding that a DN or overexpression of the wild type PPARγ did not affect the changes in cell proliferation and cell cycle.
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18
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Rashid-Kolvear F, Taboski MAS, Nguyen J, Wang DY, Harrington LA, Done SJ. Troglitazone suppresses telomerase activity independently of PPARgamma in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:390. [PMID: 20650001 PMCID: PMC2915983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one the highest causes of female cancer death worldwide. Many standard chemotherapeutic agents currently used to treat breast cancer are relatively non-specific and act on all rapidly dividing cells. In recent years, more specific targeted therapies have been introduced. It is known that telomerase is active in over 90% of breast cancer tumors but inactive in adjacent normal tissues. The prevalence of active telomerase in breast cancer patients makes telomerase an attractive therapeutic target. Recent evidence suggests that telomerase activity can be suppressed by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, its effect on telomerase regulation in breast cancer has not been investigated. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of the PPARγ ligand, troglitazone, on telomerase activity in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Real time RT-PCR and telomerase activity assays were used to evaluate the effect of troglitazone. MDA-MB-231 cells had PPARγ expression silenced using shRNA interference. Results We demonstrated that troglitazone reduced the mRNA expression of hTERT and telomerase activity in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Troglitazone reduced telomerase activity even in the absence of PPARγ. In agreement with this result, we found no correlation between PPARγ and hTERT mRNA transcript levels in breast cancer patients. Statistical significance was determined using Pearson correlation and the paired Student's t test. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effect of troglitazone on telomerase activity in breast cancer cells has been investigated. Our data suggest that troglitazone may be used as an anti-telomerase agent; however, the mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Rashid-Kolvear
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Ban JO, Kwak DH, Oh JH, Park EJ, Cho MC, Song HS, Song MJ, Han SB, Moon DC, Kang KW, Hong JT. Suppression of NF-kappaB and GSK-3beta is involved in colon cancer cell growth inhibition by the PPAR agonist troglitazone. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:75-85. [PMID: 20540935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists such as troglitazone, pioglitazone and thiazolidine have been shown to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of PPARgamma agonist-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells, however, is not clear. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) is an indispensable element for the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) which plays a critical role in the mediation of survival signals in cancer cells. To investigate the mechanisms of PPARgamma agonist-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells, we examined the effect of troglitazone (0-16muM) on the activation of GSK-3beta and NF-kappaB. Our study showed that the inhibitory effect of troglitazone on colon cancer cell growth was associated with inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and GSK-3beta expression in a dose-dependent manner. Cells were arrested in G(0)/G(1) phase followed by the induction of apoptosis after treatment of troglitazone with concomitant decrease in the expression of the G(0)/G(1) phase regulatory proteins; Cdk2, Cdk4, cyclin B1, D1, and E as well as in the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 along with an increase in the expression of the pro-apoptosis-associated proteins; Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax. Transient transfection of GSK-3beta recovered troglitazone-induced cell growth inhibition and NF-kappaB inactivation. In contrast, co-treatment of troglitazone with a GSK-3beta inhibitor (AR-a014418) or siRNA against GSK-3beta, significantly augmented the inhibitory effect of troglitazone on the NF-kappaB activity, the cancer cell growth and on the expression of G(0)/G(1) phase regulatory proteins and pro-apoptosis regulatory proteins. These results suggest that the PPARgamma agonist, troglitazone, inhibits colon cancer cell growth via inactivation of NF-kappaB by suppressing GSK-3beta activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yan KH, Yao CJ, Chang HY, Lai GM, Cheng AL, Chuang SE. The synergistic anticancer effect of troglitazone combined with aspirin causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:235-46. [PMID: 19908241 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Troglitazone (TGZ) is a synthetic thiazolidinedione drug belonging to a group of potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists known to inhibit proliferation, alter cell cycle regulation, and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell types. TGZ is an oral anti-type II diabetes drug that can reverse insulin resistance. For more then 100 yr, aspirin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, has been successfully used as an anti-inflammatory drug. Recently, Aspirin (ASA) and some other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have drawn much attention for their protective effects against colon cancer and cardiovascular disease; it has been observed that ASA's anti-tumor effect can be attributed to inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. In this report we demonstrate for the first time that, when administered in combination, TGZ and ASA can produce a strong synergistic effect in growth inhibition and G(1) arrest in lung cancer CL1-0 and A549 cells. Examination by colony formation assay revealed an even more profound synergy. In Western blot, combined TGZ and ASA also could downregulate Cdk2, E2F-1, cyclin B1, cyclin D3 protein, and the ratio of phospho-Rb/Rb. Importantly, apoptosis was synergistically induced by the combination treatment, as evidenced by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. The involvement of PI3K/Akt inhibition and p27 upregulation, as well as hypophosphorylation of Rac1 at ser71, were demonstrated. Taken together, these results suggest that clinically achievable concentrations of TGZ and ASA used in combination may produce a strong anticancer synergy that warrants further investigation for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Huang Yan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Sun X, Ritzenthaler JD, Zheng Y, Roman J, Han S. Rosiglitazone inhibits alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in human lung carcinoma cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent signals. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:110-8. [PMID: 19139119 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We and others have shown previously that nicotine, a major component of tobacco, stimulates non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signals. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has been shown to inhibit NSCLC cell growth, but the exact mechanisms responsible for this effect remain incompletely defined. Herein, we show that nicotine induces NSCLC cell proliferation in part through alpha4 nAChR, prompting us to explore the effects of rosiglitazone, a synthetic PPARgamma ligand, on the expression of this receptor. Rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of alpha4 nAChR, but this effect was through a PPARgamma-independent pathway, because GW9662, an antagonist of PPARgamma, and the transfection of cells with PPARgamma small interfering RNA failed to abolish the response. The inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on alpha4 nAChR expression was accompanied by phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation. These signals mediated the inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on alpha4 nAChR expression because chemical inhibitors prevented the effect. Rosiglitazone was also found to stimulate p53, a tumor suppressor known to mediate some of the effects of nicotine. Interestingly, p53 up-regulation was needed for rosiglitazone-induced inhibition of alpha4 nAChR. Thus, rosiglitazone inhibits alpha4 nAChR expression in NSCLC cells through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which triggers induction of p53. Finally, like others, we found that nicotine stimulated the expression of alpha4 nAChR. This process was also inhibited by rosiglitazone through similar pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Sun
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bioresearch Building, 615 Michael Street, Suite 205-M, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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22
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PPARgamma and Agonists against Cancer: Rational Design of Complementation Treatments. PPAR Res 2008; 2008:945275. [PMID: 19043603 PMCID: PMC2586323 DOI: 10.1155/2008/945275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily: its ligands act as insulin sensitizers and some are approved for the treatment of metabolic disorders in humans. PPARγ has pleiotropic effects on survival and proliferation of multiple cell types, including cancer cells, and is now subject of intensive preclinical cancer research. Studies of the recent decade highlighted PPARγ role as a potential modulator of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These observations provide an additional facet to the PPARγ image as potential anticancer drug. Currently PPARγ is regarded as an important target for the therapies against angiogenesis-dependent pathological states including cancer and vascular complications of diabetes. Some of the studies, however, identify pro-angiogenic and tumor-promoting effects of PPARγ and its ligands pointing out the need for further studies. Below, we summarize current knowledge of PPARγ regulatory mechanisms and molecular targets, and discuss ways to maximize the beneficial activity of the PPARγ agonists.
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Shibata N, Kawaguchi-Niida M, Yamamoto T, Toi S, Hirano A, Kobayashi M. Effects of the PPARgamma activator pioglitazone on p38 MAP kinase and IkappaBalpha in the spinal cord of a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2008; 28:387-98. [PMID: 18312546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2008.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of programmed cell death and inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To assess molecular pathological effects of the anti-inflammatory peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone in ALS, we verified changes in the population of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the ventral horns of spinal cord lumbar segments from the pioglitazone-treated and non-treated groups of mice carrying a transgene for G93A mutant human superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) (ALS mice) and non-transgenic littermates (control mice), performed immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses of PPARgamma, active form of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-alpha (IkappaBalpha) in the spinal cords, and compared the results between the different groups. Image analysis revealed that optical density of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons was significantly lower in the non-treated groups of presymptomatic and advanced ALS mice than in the non-treated groups of age-matched control mice and was recovered with pioglitazone treatment, and that optical densities of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes and Iba1-immunoreactive microglia were significantly higher in the non-treated group of advanced ALS mice than in the non-treated group of control mice and were recovered with pioglitazone treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that immunoreactivities for PPARgamma and p-p38 were mainly localized in neurons, and that IkappaBalpha immunoreactivity was mainly localized in astrocytes and microglia. Immunoblot analysis showed that pioglitazone treatment resulted in no significant change in nuclear PPARgamma-immunoreactive density, a significant decrease in cytosolic p-p38-immunoreactive density, and a significant increase in cytosolic IkappaBalpha-immunoreactive density. Our results suggest that pioglitazone protects motor neurons against p38-mediated neuronal death and NF-kappaB-mediated glial inflammation via a PPARgamma-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Woman's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Campbell MJ, Carlberg C, Koeffler HP. A Role for the PPARgamma in Cancer Therapy. PPAR Res 2008; 2008:314974. [PMID: 18528521 PMCID: PMC2408680 DOI: 10.1155/2008/314974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1997, the first published reports highlighted PPARgamma as a novel cancer therapeutic target regulating differentiation of cancer cells. A subsequent flurry of papers described these activities more widely and fuelled further enthusiasm for differentiation therapy, as the ligands for the PPARgamma were seen as well tolerated and in several cases well-established in other therapeutic contexts. This initial enthusiasm and promise was somewhat tempered by contradictory findings in several murine cancer models and equivocal trial findings. As more understanding has emerged in recent years, a renaissance has occurred in targeting PPARgamma within the context of either chemoprevention or chemotherapy. This clarity has arisen in part through a clearer understanding of PPARgamma biology, how the receptor interacts with other proteins and signaling events, and the mechanisms that modulate its transcriptional actions. Equally greater translational understanding of this target has arisen from a clearer understanding of in vivo murine cancer models. Clinical exploitation will most likely require precise and quantifiable description of PPARgamma actions, and resolution of which targets are the most beneficial to target combined with an understanding of the mechanisms that limits its anticancer effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J. Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles School of Medicine, University of California, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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25
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Yang YC, Ho TC, Chen SL, Lai HY, Wu JY, Tsao YP. Inhibition of cell motility by troglitazone in human ovarian carcinoma cell line. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:216. [PMID: 18021457 PMCID: PMC2233635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Troglitazone (TGZ) is a potential anticancer agent. Little is known about the effect of this agent on cancer cell migration. Methods Human ovarian carcinoma cell line, ES-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of TGZ. Cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing and Boyden chamber transwell experiments. PPARγ expression was blocked by PPARγ small interfering RNA. The effects of TGZ on phosphorylation of FAK, PTEN, Akt were assessed by immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies. The cellular distribution of paxillin, vinculin, stress fiber and PTEN was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results TGZ dose- and time-dependently impaired cell migration through a PPARγ independent manner. TGZ treatment impaired cell spreading, stress fiber formation, tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and focal adhesion assembly in cells grown on fibronectin substratum. TGZ also dose- and time-dependently suppressed FAK autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the C-terminal of PTEN (a phosphatase). At concentration higher than 10 μM, TGZ caused accumulation of PTEN in plasma membrane, a sign of PTEN activation. Conclusion These results indicate that TGZ can suppress cultured ES-2 cells migration. Our data suggest that the anti-migration potential of TGZ involves in regulations of FAK and PTEN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Cheng Yang
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Delage B, Rullier A, Capdepont M, Rullier E, Cassand P. The effect of body weight on altered expression of nuclear receptors and cyclooxygenase-2 in human colorectal cancers. Nutr J 2007; 6:20. [PMID: 17767717 PMCID: PMC2018695 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies on risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) have mainly focused on diet, and being overweight is now recognized to contribute significantly to CRC risk. Overweight and obesity are defined as an excess of adipose tissue mass and are associated with disorders in lipid metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid-activated receptors (RARs and RXRs) are important modulators of lipid metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Alterations in expression and activity of these ligand-activated transcription factors might be involved in obesity-associated diseases, which include CRC. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) also plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and alterations in COX-2 expression have already been associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes in epithelial tumors. The objective of this study is to examine the hypothesis questioning the relationship between alterations in the expression of nuclear receptors and COX-2 and the weight status among male subjects with CRC. Method The mRNA expression of the different nuclear receptor subtypes and of COX-2 was measured in 20 resected samples of CRC and paired non-tumor tissues. The association between expression patterns and weight status defined as a body mass index (BMI) was statistically analyzed. Results No changes were observed in PPARγ mRNA expression while the expression of PPARδ, retinoid-activated receptors and COX-2 were significantly increased in cancer tissues compared to normal colon mucosa (P ≤ 0.001). The weight status appeared to be an independent factor, although we detected an increased level of COX-2 expression in the normal mucosa from overweight patients (BMI ≥ 25) compared to subjects with healthy BMI (P = 0.002). Conclusion Our findings show that alterations in the pattern of nuclear receptor expression observed in CRC do not appear to be correlated with patient weight status. However, the analysis of COX-2 expression in normal colon mucosa from subjects with a high BMI suggests that COX-2 deregulation might be driven by excess weight during the colon carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Delage
- Laboratoire Alimentation et Cancerogenese Colique, Unite de Nutrition et Signalisation Cellulaire, Universite Bordeaux1, France
| | - Anne Rullier
- Departement de Pathologie, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maylis Capdepont
- Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Hopital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Rullier
- Departement de Chirurgie Digestive, Hopital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierrette Cassand
- Laboratoire Alimentation et Cancerogenese Colique, Unite de Nutrition et Signalisation Cellulaire, Universite Bordeaux1, France
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