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Qian JY, Gao ZX, Li WQ, Jin ZJ. Cavitation Suppression of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:783-794. [PMID: 32918244 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical heart valves (MHVs) are widely used to replace diseased heart valves, but it may suffer from cavitation due to the rapid closing velocity of the leaflets, resulting in the damage of red blood cells and platelets. The aim of this study is to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to investigate the cavitation in bileaflets mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) and discuss the effects of the conduit and leaflet geometries on cavitation intensity. METHODS Firstly, CFD method together with moving-grid technology were applied and validated by comparing with experimental results obtained from other literature. Then the leaflets movement and the flow rate of BMHVs with different conduit geometries and leaflet geometries are compared. At last, the duration time of the saturated vapor pressure and the closing velocity of leaflets at the instant of valve closure were used to represent the cavitation intensity. RESULTS Larger closing velocity of leaflets at the instant of valve closure means higher cavitation intensity. For BMHVs with different conduit geometries, the conduit with Valsalva sinuses has the maximum cavitation intensity and the straight conduit has the minimum cavitation intensity, but the leaflets cannot reach the fully opened state in a straight conduit. For BMHVs with different leaflet geometries, in order to minimize the cavitation intensity, the leaflets are better to have a large thickness and a small rotational radius. CONCLUSION CFD method is a promising method to deal with cavitation in BMHVs, and the closing velocity of leaflets has the same trend with the cavitation intensity. By using CFD method, the effects of the conduit geometry and the leaflet geometry on cavitaion in BMHVs are found out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Qian
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xin Gao
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.,SUFA Technology Industry Co., Ltd, CNNC, Suzhou, 215129, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jin
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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Transient Study of Flow and Cavitation Inside a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A mechanical heart valve (MHV) is an effective device to cure heart disease, which has the advantage of long life and high reliability. Due to the hemodynamic characteristics of blood, mechanical heart valves can lead to potential complications such as hemolysis, which have damage to the blood elements and thrombosis. In this paper, flowing features of the blood in the valve are analyzed and the cavitation mechanism in bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) is studied. Results show that the water hammer effect and the high-speed leakage flow effect are the primary causes of the cavitation in the valve. Compared with the high-speed leakage flow effect, the water hammer has a greater effect on the cavitation strength. The valve goes through four kinds of working condition within one heart beating period, including, fully opening stage, closing stage and fully closing stage. These four stages, respectively, make up 8.5%, 16.1%, 4.7% and 70.7% of the total period. The cavitation occurs on the fully closing stage. When the valve is in closing stage, the high pressure downstream of the valve lasts for about 20 ms and the high-speed leakage flow lasts for about 200 ms. This study systematically analyzes the causes of cavitation emerged in the process of periodic motion, which proposes the method for characterizing the intensity of the cavitation, and can be referred to for the cavitation suppression of the BHMV and similar valves.
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Sadipour M, Hanafizadeh P, Sadeghy K, Sattari A. Effect of Aortic Wall Deformation with Healthy and Calcified Annulus on Hemodynamic Performance of Implanted On-X Valve. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:141-161. [PMID: 31912432 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-019-00453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this research, the hemodynamic performance of a 23-mm On-X bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) was investigated with the realistic geometry model of the valve and the deformable aorta in accelerating systole. In addition, the effect of ascending aorta flexibility and aortic annulus calcification on the complex blood flow characteristics were investigated. METHODS The geometry of the aorta is derived from the medical images, and the Ogden model has been utilized for the mechanical behavior of the ascending aorta. The 3D numerical simulation by a two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method was performed throughout the accelerating systolic phase. RESULTS The dynamics of the leaflets are investigated, and blood flow characteristics such as velocities, vorticities as well as viscous and turbulent shear stress were precisely captured in the flow domain specifically in the hinge region. Streamline results are in accordance with the previously reported data, which show that the flared On-X valves inlet yields a more uniform flow in accelerating systole. Simulations show that aorta flexibility or valve annulus calcification causes variations up to 7% in maximum fluid velocity and 20% in Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the complex flow field characteristics in the new generation of BMHVs considering aorta flexibility with healthy and calcified annulus were investigated. It was found that the blood flow around the hinges region is in the danger of hemolysis and platelet activation and subsequently thromboembolism. Furthermore, the results show that similar to vessel wall deformation, considering the probable annulus calcification after valve replacement is also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masod Sadipour
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Hanafizadeh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Keyvan Sadeghy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Sattari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Wium E, Jordaan CJ, Botes L, Smit FE. Alternative mechanical heart valves for the developing world. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2019; 28:431-443. [PMID: 31752500 DOI: 10.1177/0218492319891255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in the developing world, mechanical heart valves in the younger patient population remain the prostheses of choice if repair is not feasible. Despite their durability, mechanical valves are burdened by coagulation and thromboembolism. Modern design tools can be utilized during the design process of mechanical valves, which allow a more systematic design approach and more detailed analysis of the blood flow through and around valves. These tools include computer-aided design, manufacturing, and engineering, such as computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis, modern manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing, and sophisticated in-vitro and in-vivo tests. Following this systematic approach, a poppet valve was redesigned and the results demonstrate the benefits of the method. More organized flow patterns and fewer complex fluid structures were observed. The alternative trileaflet valve design has also been identified as a potential solution and, if a similar design approach is adopted, it could lead to the development of an improved mechanical heart valve in the future. It is imperative that researchers in developing countries continue their search for a mechanical heart valve with a reduced thromboembolic risk, requiring less or no anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsmari Wium
- Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Johannes Jordaan
- Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Lezelle Botes
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Francis Edwin Smit
- Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Qian JY, Gao ZX, Hou CW, Jin ZJ. A comprehensive review of cavitation in valves: mechanical heart valves and control valves. Biodes Manuf 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-019-00040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schubert K, Schaller T, Stojenthin E, Stephan C, Sievers HH, Scharfschwerdt M. A novel trileaflet mechanical heart valve: first in vitro results. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 28:689-694. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schubert
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Tim Schaller
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Stojenthin
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian Stephan
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Hinrich Sievers
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Michael Scharfschwerdt
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Mohammadi H, Mequanint K. Prosthetic aortic heart valves: modeling and design. Med Eng Phys 2010; 33:131-47. [PMID: 20971672 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although heart valve replacement is among the most common cardiovascular surgical procedures, their outcome is often difficult to predict. One of the reasons is the design and choice of the materials used for the fabrication of the prostheses. This review paper describes the use of modeling techniques in prosthetic heart valve (HV) design and aims at the justification and development of a polymer based trileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV). The closing/opening phase behavior of the bileaflet MHV was investigated. The potential problem of valve failure due to crack propagation in the brittle pyrolytic carbon leaflet was also discussed. These studies suggest that although bileaflet MHV performs satisfactorily, there are justifications for improvement. Since the native aortic HV is trileaflet and made of anisotropic and hyperelastic tissue, one possible approach to a better MHV design is based on our ability to closely mimic the natural geometry and biomaterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mohammadi
- The Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Experimental Study on the Reynolds and Viscous Shear Stress of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves in a Pneumatic Ventricular Assist Device. ASAIO J 2009; 55:348-54. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e3181a793e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lee H, Akagawa E, Tatsumi E, Taenaka Y. Characteristics of cavitation intensity in a mechanical heart valve using a pulsatile device: synchronized analysis between visual images and pressure signals. J Artif Organs 2008; 11:60-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-008-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Malchesky PS. Artificial Organs 2007: A Year in Review. Artif Organs 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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