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Foroushani ZH, Mahdavi SS, Abdekhodaie MJ, Baradaran-Rafii A, Tabatabei MR, Mehrvar M. A hybrid scaffold of gelatin glycosaminoglycan matrix and fibrin as a carrier of human corneal fibroblast cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111430. [PMID: 33255025 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid scaffold of gelatin-glycosaminoglycan matrix and fibrin (FGG) has been synthesized to improve the mechanical properties, degradation time and cell response of fibrin-like scaffolds. The FGG scaffold was fabricated by optimizing some properties of fibrin-only gel and gelatin-glycosaminoglycan (GG) scaffolds. Mechanical analysis of optimized fibrin-only gel showed the Young module and tensile strength of up to 72 and 121 KPa, respectively. Significantly, the nine-fold increase in the Young modulus and a seven-fold increase in tensile strength was observed when fibrin reinforced with GG scaffold. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the degradation time of fibrin was enhanced successfully up to 7 days which was much longer time compared to fibrin-only gel with 38 h of degradation time. More than 45% of FGG initial mass was preserved on day 7 in the presence of aprotinin. Human corneal fibroblast cells (HCFCs) were seeded on the FGG, fibrin-only gel and GG scaffolds for 5 days. The FGG scaffold showed excellent cell viability over 5 days, and the proliferation of HCFCs also increased significantly in comparison with fibrin-only gel and GG scaffolds. The FGG scaffold illustrates the great potential to use in which appropriate stability and mechanical properties are essential to tissue functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajian Foroushani
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Sharareh Mahdavi
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Abdekhodaie
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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Huang Z, Song Y, Pang Z, Zhang B, Yang H, Shi H, Chen J, Gong H, Qian J, Ge J. Targeted delivery of thymosin beta 4 to the injured myocardium using CREKA-conjugated nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3023-3036. [PMID: 28442910 PMCID: PMC5396927 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) has multiple beneficial facets for myocardial injury, but its efficiency is limited by the low local concentration within the infarct. Here, we established a Tβ4 delivery system for cardiac repair based on the interaction between the abundant fibrin in the infarct zone and the fibrin-targeting moiety clot-binding peptide cysteine–arginine–glutamic acid–lysine–alanine (CREKA). Methods and results CREKA and Tβ4 were conjugated to nanoparticles (CNP–Tβ4). In vitro binding test revealed that CNP–Tβ4 had a significant binding ability to the surface of fibrin clots when compared to the control clots (NP–Tβ4). Based on the validation of fibrin expression in the early stage of ischemia injury, CNP–Tβ4 was intravenously administered to mice with acute myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. CNP–Tβ4 revealed a stronger fibrin-targeting ability than the NP–Tβ4 group and accumulated mainly in the infarcted area and colocalized with fibrin. Subsequently, treatment with CNP–Tβ4 resulted in a better therapeutic effect. Conclusion CRKEA modification favored Tβ4 accumulation and retention in the infarcted region, leading to augmented functional benefits. Fibrin-targeting delivery system represents a generalizable platform technology for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Yanan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Schmack B, Szabó G, Karck M, Weymann A. Tissue-Engineering von Atrioventrikularklappen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-015-0028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nair RP, Joseph J, Harikrishnan VS, Krishnan VK, Krishnan L. Contribution of fibroblasts to the mechanical stability of in vitro engineered dermal-like tissue through extracellular matrix deposition. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:217-25. [PMID: 25371858 PMCID: PMC4215331 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin with mechanical and biological properties that match the native tissue could be a valuable graft to treat non-healing chronic wounds. Fibroblasts grown on a suitable biodegradable scaffold are a feasible strategy for the development of a dermal substitute above which epithelialization may occur naturally. Cell growth and phenotype maintenance are crucial to ensure the functional status of engineered tissue. In this study, an electrospun biodegradable polymer scaffold composed of a terpolymer PLGC [poly(lactide-glycolide-caprolactone)] with appropriate mechanical strength was used as a scaffold so that undesirable contraction of the wound could be prevented when it was implanted. To enhance cell growth, synthetic PLGC was incorporated with a fibrin-based biomimetic composite. The efficacy of the hybrid scaffold was evaluated by comparing it with bare PLGC in terms of fibroblast growth potential, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, polymer degradation, and mechanical strength. A significant increase was observed in fibroblast attachment, proliferation, and deposition of ECM proteins such as collagen and elastin in the hybrid scaffold. After growing fibroblasts for 20 d and 40 d, immunochemical staining of the decellularized scaffolds showed deposition of insoluble collagen and elastin on the hybrid scaffold but not on the bare scaffold. The loss of mechanical strength consequent to in vitro polymer degradation seemed to be balanced owing to the ECM deposition. Thus, tensile strength and elongation were better when cells were grown on the hybrid scaffold rather than the bare samples immersed in culture medium. Similar patterns of in vivo and in vitro degradation were observed during subcutaneous implantation and fibroblast culture, respectively. We therefore postulate that a hybrid scaffold comprising PLGC and fibrin is a potential candidate for the engineering of dermal tissue to be used in the regeneration of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Nair
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Trivandrum, India
| | - Jasmin Joseph
- Dental Products Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Trivandrum, India
| | - V S Harikrishnan
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Trivandrum, India
| | - V K Krishnan
- Dental Products Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Trivandrum, India
| | - Lissy Krishnan
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Trivandrum, India
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Weymann A, Radovits T, Schmack B, Li S, Korkmaz S, Soós P, Istók R, Veres G, Chaimow N, Karck M, Szabó G. In vitro generation of atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds. Artif Organs 2014; 38:E118-28. [PMID: 24842040 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of cardiovascular structures represents a novel approach to improve clinical strategies in heart valve disease treatment. The aim of this study was to engineer decellularized atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds with an intact ultrastructure and to reseed them with umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells under physiological conditions in a bioreactor environment. Mitral (n=38) and tricuspid (n=36) valves were harvested from 40 hearts of German Landrace swine from a selected abattoir. Decellularization of atrioventricular heart valves was achieved by a detergent-based cell extraction protocol. Evaluation of the decellularization method was conducted with light microscopy and quantitative analysis of collagen and elastin content. The presence of residual DNA within the decellularized atrioventricular heart valves was determined with spectrophotometric quantification. The described decellularization regime produced full removal of native cells while maintaining the mechanical stability and the quantitative composition of the atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds. The surface of the xenogeneic matrix could be successfully reseeded with in vitro-expanded human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions. After complete decellularization with the detergent-based protocol described here, physiological reseeding of the xenogeneic neoscaffolds resulted in the formation of a confluent layer of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells. These results warrant further research toward the generation of atrioventricular heart valve neoscaffolds on the basis of decellularized xenogeneic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weymann
- Heart and Marfan Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
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Mathews A, Colombus S, Krishnan VK, Krishnan LK. Vascular tissue construction on poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds by dynamic endothelial cell seeding: effect of pore size. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:451-61. [PMID: 21800434 DOI: 10.1002/term.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tissue engineering for fabrication of small diameter vascular grafts probably undergoes a sequence of events similar to the in vivo angiogenesis process. In both cases endothelial cells (ECs) play the crucial role in generating a non-thrombogenic vessel lumen and stabilization of ECs in the lumen of new vessels requires the deposition of collagen IV and elastin. Shear stress is an important in vivo signal for inducing synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, collagen IV and elastin, which form the basement membrane in the case of new blood vessels. Stimulation of ECs may therefore produce collagen and elastin in the lumen of a polymeric scaffold during the vascular tissue-engineering process if appropriate biochemical and mechanical signals are presented. However, the morphology and physicochemical characteristics of polymer scaffolds may also be crucial for EC monolayer formation and ECM deposition. In this study, tubular scaffolds made of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with biomimetic fibrin-based coating were evaluated to compare the effects of pore sizes on surface coverage of ECs and synthesis of ECM under dynamic culture conditions. Actin was stained for identification of cells, while specific antibodies were used for locating collagen IV and elastin deposition on the scaffolds. It was found that dynamic seeding of ECs in the lumen stabilized the cells and aligned them along the direction of flow, with better deposition of insoluble elastin and collagen IV when ∼75% of pores were < 24 µm in diameter. In addition, monolayer on the ε-PCL scaffolds with lower pore sizes was found to produce nitric oxide (NO), indicating a non-thrombogenic EC layer in the lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Mathews
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Bérubé K, Pitt A, Hayden P, Prytherch Z, Job C. Filter-well technology for advanced three-dimensional cell culture: perspectives for respiratory research. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 38 Suppl 1:49-65. [PMID: 21275484 DOI: 10.1177/026119291003801s04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture has long been a valuable tool for studying cell behaviour. Classical plastic substrates are two-dimensional, and usually promote cellular proliferation and inhibit differentiation. Understanding cell behaviour within complex multicellular tissues requires the systematic study of cells within the context of specific model microenvironments. A model system must mimic, to a certain degree, the in vivo situation, but, at the same time, can significantly reduce its complexity. There is increasing agreement that moving up to the third dimension provides a more physiologically-relevant and predictive model system. Moreover, many cellular processes (morphogenesis, organogenesis and pathogenesis) have been confirmed to occur exclusively when cells are ordered in a three-dimensional (3-D) manner. In order to achieve the desired in vivo phenotype, researchers can use microporous membranes for improved in vitro cell culture experiments. In the present review, we discuss the applications of filter-well technology for the advanced 3-D cell culture of human pulmonary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bérubé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Pankajakshan D, Krishnan V K, Krishnan LK. Functional stability of endothelial cells on a novel hybrid scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2010; 2:041001. [PMID: 21076184 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/2/4/041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous and pliable conduits made of biodegradable polymeric scaffolds offer great potential for the development of blood vessel substitutes but they generally lack signals for cell proliferation, survival and maintenance of a normal phenotype. In this study we have prepared and evaluated porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) integrated with fibrin composite (FC) to get a biomimetic hybrid scaffold (FC PCL) with the biological properties of fibrin, fibronectin (FN), gelatin, growth factors and glycosaminoglycans. Reduced platelet adhesion on a human umbilical vein endothelial cell-seeded hybrid scaffold as compared to bare PCL or FC PCL was observed, which suggests the non-thrombogenic nature of the tissue-engineered scaffold. Analysis of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after 5 days of endothelial cell (EC) culture on a hybrid scaffold indicated that the prothrombotic von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) were quiescent and stable. Meanwhile, dynamic expressions of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase indicated the desired cell phenotype on the scaffold. On the hybrid scaffold, shear stress could induce enhanced nitric oxide release, which implicates vaso-responsiveness of EC grown on the tissue-engineered construct. Significant upregulation of mRNA for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, collagen IV and elastin, in EC was detected by RT-PCR after growing them on the hybrid scaffold and FC-coated tissue culture polystyrene (FC TCPS) but not on FN-coated TCPS. The results indicate that the FC PCL hybrid scaffold can accomplish a remodeled ECM and non-thrombogenic EC phenotype, and can be further investigated as a scaffold for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pankajakshan
- Thrombosis Research Unit, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, India
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