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Wich LA, Gudex LM, Dann TM, Matich HJ, Thompson AJ, Atie M, Johnson MD, Bartlett RH, Rojas-Peña A, Hirschl RB, Potkay JA. A Reduced Resistance, Concentric-Gated Artificial Membrane Lung for Pediatric End-Stage Lung Failure. ASAIO J 2024:00002480-990000000-00555. [PMID: 39269894 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of the low-resistance pediatric artificial lung (PAL-LR) is to serve as a pumpless bridge-to-transplant device for children with end-stage lung failure. The PAL-LR doubles the exposed fiber length of the previous PAL design. In vitro and in vivo studies tested hemocompatibility, device flow, gas exchange and pressure drop performance. For in vitro tests, average rated blood flow (outlet SO2 of 95%) was 2.56 ± 0.93 L/min with a pressure drop of 25.88 ± 0.90 mm Hg. At the targeted pediatric flow rate of 1 L/min, the pressure drop was 8.6 mm Hg compared with 25 mm Hg of the PAL. At rated flow, the average O2 and CO2 transfer rates were 101.75 ± 10.81 and 77.93 ± 8.40 mL/min, respectively. The average maximum O2 and CO2 exchange efficiencies were 215.75 ± 22.93 and 176.99 ± 8.40 mL/(min m2), respectively. In vivo tests revealed an average outlet SO2 of 100%, and average pressure drop of 2 ± 0 mm Hg for a blood flow of 1.07 ± 0.02 L/min. Having a lower resistance, the PAL-LR is a promising step closer to a pumpless artificial membrane lung that alleviates right ventricular strain associated with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Wich
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Leah M Gudex
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tyler M Dann
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hannah J Matich
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alex J Thompson
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael Atie
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert H Bartlett
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alvaro Rojas-Peña
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ronald B Hirschl
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph A Potkay
- Department of Surgery and ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
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2
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Poletti G, Ninarello D, Pennati G. Computational Analysis of the Effects of Fiber Deformation on the Microstructure and Permeability of Blood Oxygenator Bundles. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1091-1105. [PMID: 38349442 PMCID: PMC10940480 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical loads on the polymeric fibers of oxygenating bundles are commonly present due to bundle press-fitting during device assembly and blood pressure load. However, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for fiber bundle optimization neglect possible changes in microstructure due to such deformations. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of fiber deformability on bundle microstructure and fluid dynamics mainly in terms of permeability. Fibers from commercial mats typically used for blood oxygenators were mechanically tested and based on these experimental data, a material model was developed to simulate the structural deformations the fibers undergo under press-fitting and blood pressure loads. Then, CFD simulations were performed on deformed bundle repetitive units to investigate permeability under varying loading conditions. The effects of different bundle geometric parameters on the variation of bundle permeability due to press-fitting were evaluated. Bundle press-fitting results in significant changes in microstructure that are reflected in a bundle permeability more than halved for a 15% press-fitting. This impact on permeability is present in all the simulated fiber bundles and becomes more pronounced as the pitch between fibers and thus bundle porosity decreases. Instead, the analyses on pressurized bundle show only small deformations caused by pressure load, with permeability changes below 1%. While blood pressure effects could be neglected, bundle press-fitting turns out to have a significant impact on bundle microstructure and permeability. Neglecting such microstructure variations during CFD simulations could also lead to incorrect assessment of the local fluid dynamics within the bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Poletti
- LaBS - Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Ninarello
- LaBS - Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pennati
- LaBS - Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Sarathy S, Turek JW, Chu J, Badheka A, Nino MA, Raghavan ML. Flow Monitoring of ECMO Circuit for Detecting Oxygenator Obstructions. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:3636-3646. [PMID: 34705123 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenator thrombosis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is a complication that necessitates component replacement. ECMO centers monitor clot burden by intermittent measurement of pressure drop across the oxygenator. An increase in pressure drop at a preset flow rate suggests an increase in resistance/clot formation within the oxygenator. This monitoring method comes with inherent disadvantages such as monitoring gaps, and increased risk of air embolism and infection. We explored utilizing flow measurement, which avoids such risks, as an indicator of ECMO circuit obstructions. The hypothesis that flow rate through a shunt tube in the circuit will increase as distal resistances in the circuit increases was tested. We experimentally simulated controlled levels of oxygenator obstructions using glass microspheres in an ex vivo veno-venous ECMO circuit and measured the change in shunt flow rate using over the tube ultra-sound flow probes. A mathematical model was also used to study the effect of distal resistances in the ECMO circuit on shunt flow. Results of both the mathematical model and the experiments showed a clear and measurable increase in shunt flow with increasing levels of oxygenator obstruction. Therefore, flow monitoring appears to be an effective non-contact and continuous method to monitor for obstruction during ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivats Sarathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joseph W Turek
- Section of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jian Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aditya Badheka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marco A Nino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - M L Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Dipresa D, Kalozoumis P, Pflaum M, Peredo A, Wiegmann B, Haverich A, Korossis S. Hemodynamic Assessment of Hollow-Fiber Membrane Oxygenators Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in Heterogeneous Membrane Models. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:051010. [PMID: 33462588 DOI: 10.1115/1.4049808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used clinically for more than 40 years as a bridge to transplantation, with hollow-fiber membrane (HFM) oxygenators gaining in popularity due to their high gas transfer and low flow resistance. In spite of the technological advances in ECMO devices, the inevitable contact of the perfused blood with the polymer hollow-fiber gas-exchange membrane, and the subsequent thrombus formation, limits their clinical usage to only 2-4 weeks. In addition, the inhomogeneous flow in the device can further enhance thrombus formation and limit gas-transport efficiency. Endothelialization of the blood contacting surfaces of ECMO devices offers a potential solution to their inherent thrombogenicity. However, abnormal shear stresses and inhomogeneous blood flow might affect the function and activation status of the seeded endothelial cells (ECs). In this study, the blood flow through two HFM oxygenators, including the commercially available iLA® MiniLung Petite Novalung (Xenios AG, Germany) and an experimental one for the rat animal model, was modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with a view to assessing the magnitude and distribution of the wall shear stress (WSS) on the hollow fibers and flow fields in the oxygenators. This work demonstrated significant inhomogeneity in the flow dynamics of both oxygenators, with regions of high hollow-fiber WSS and regions of stagnant flow, implying a variable flow-induced stimulation on seeded ECs and possible EC activation and damage in a biohybrid oxygenator setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Dipresa
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Kalozoumis
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Pflaum
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Ariana Peredo
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Sotirios Korossis
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Regenerative Engineering (CARE) Group, Centre for Biological Engineering (CBE), Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Abstract
Children with end-stage lung failure awaiting lung transplant would benefit from improvements in artificial lung technology allowing for wearable pulmonary support as a bridge-to-transplant therapy. In this work, we designed, fabricated, and tested the Pediatric MLung-a dual-inlet hollow fiber artificial lung based on concentric gating, which has a rated flow of 1 L/min, and a pressure drop of 25 mm Hg at rated flow. This device and future iterations of the current design are designed to relieve pulmonary arterial hypertension, provide pulmonary support, reduce ventilator-associated injury, and allow for more effective therapy of patients with end-stage lung disease, including bridge-to-transplant treatment.
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6
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Arens J, Grottke O, Haverich A, Maier LS, Schmitz-Rode T, Steinseifer U, Wendel H, Rossaint R. Toward a Long-Term Artificial Lung. ASAIO J 2020; 66:847-854. [PMID: 32740342 PMCID: PMC7386861 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a very small portion of end-stage organ failures can be treated by transplantation because of the shortage of donor organs. Although artificial long-term organ support such as ventricular assist devices provide therapeutic options serving as a bridge-to-transplantation or destination therapy for end-stage heart failure, suitable long-term artificial lung systems are still at an early stage of development. Although a short-term use of an extracorporeal lung support is feasible today, the currently available technical solutions do not permit the long-term use of lung replacement systems in terms of an implantable artificial lung. This is currently limited by a variety of factors: biocompatibility problems lead to clot formation within the system, especially in areas with unphysiological flow conditions. In addition, proteins, cells, and fibrin are deposited on the membranes, decreasing gas exchange performance and thus, limiting long-term use. Coordinated basic and translational scientific research to solve these problems is therefore necessary to enable the long-term use and implantation of an artificial lung. Strategies for improving the biocompatibility of foreign surfaces, for new anticoagulation regimes, for optimization of gas and blood flow, and for miniaturization of these systems must be found. These strategies must be validated by in vitro and in vivo tests, which remain to be developed. In addition, the influence of long-term support on the pathophysiology must be considered. These challenges require well-connected interdisciplinary teams from the natural and material sciences, engineering, and medicine, which take the necessary steps toward the development of an artificial implantable lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Arens
- From the Chair in Engineering Organ Support Technologies, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty
| | - Oliver Grottke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Internal Medicine II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinseifer
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Medical Faculty
| | - H.P. Wendel
- Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Karimov JH, Horvath DJ, Byram N, Sunagawa G, Kuban BD, Gao S, Dessoffy R, Fukamachi K. Early in vivo experience with the pediatric continuous-flow total artificial heart. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:1029-1034. [PMID: 29703578 PMCID: PMC6647019 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation in infants and children is an accepted therapy for end-stage heart failure, but donor organ availability is low and always uncertain. Mechanical circulatory support is another standard option, but there is a lack of intracorporeal devices due to size and functional range. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of our initial prototype of a pediatric continuous-flow total artificial heart (P-CFTAH), comprising a dual pump with one motor and one rotating assembly, supported by a hydrodynamic bearing. METHODS In acute studies, the P-CFTAH was implanted in 4 lambs (average weight: 28.7 ± 2.3 kg) via a median sternotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. Pulmonary and systemic pump performance parameters were recorded. RESULTS The experiments showed good anatomical fit and easy implantation, with an average aortic cross-clamp time of 98 ± 18 minutes. Baseline hemodynamics were stable in all 4 animals (pump speed: 3.4 ± 0.2 krpm; pump flow: 2.1 ± 0.9 liters/min; power: 3.0 ± 0.8 W; arterial pressure: 68 ± 10 mm Hg; left and right atrial pressures: 6 ± 1 mm Hg, for both). Any differences between left and right atrial pressures were maintained within the intended limit of ±5 mm Hg over a wide range of ratios of systemic-to-pulmonary vascular resistance (0.7 to 12), with and without pump-speed modulation. Pump-speed modulation was successfully performed to create arterial pulsation. CONCLUSION This initial P-CFTAH prototype met the proposed requirements for self-regulation, performance, and pulse modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid H Karimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nicole Byram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gengo Sunagawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Barry D Kuban
- Medical Device Solutions, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shengqiang Gao
- Medical Device Solutions, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Raymond Dessoffy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kiyotaka Fukamachi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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8
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Experimental quantification of the fluid dynamics in blood-processing devices through 4D-flow imaging: A pilot study on a real oxygenator/heat-exchanger module. J Biomech 2018; 68:14-23. [PMID: 29279196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of blood-processing devices largely depends on the associated fluid dynamics, which hence represents a key aspect in their design and optimization. To this aim, two approaches are currently adopted: computational fluid-dynamics, which yields highly resolved three-dimensional data but relies on simplifying assumptions, and in vitro experiments, which typically involve the direct video-acquisition of the flow field and provide 2D data only. We propose a novel method that exploits space- and time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging (4D-flow) to quantify the complex 3D flow field in blood-processing devices and to overcome these limitations. We tested our method on a real device that integrates an oxygenator and a heat exchanger. A dedicated mock loop was implemented, and novel 4D-flow sequences with sub-millimetric spatial resolution and region-dependent velocity encodings were defined. Automated in house software was developed to quantify the complex 3D flow field within the different regions of the device: region-dependent flow rates, pressure drops, paths of the working fluid and wall shear stresses were computed. Our analysis highlighted the effects of fine geometrical features of the device on the local fluid-dynamics, which would be unlikely observed by current in vitro approaches. Also, the effects of non-idealities on the flow field distribution were captured, thanks to the absence of the simplifying assumptions that typically characterize numerical models. To the best of our knowledge, our approach is the first of its kind and could be extended to the analysis of a broad range of clinically relevant devices.
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D'Onofrio C, van Loon R, Rolland S, Johnston R, North L, Brown S, Phillips R, Sienz J. Three-dimensional computational model of a blood oxygenator reconstructed from micro-CT scans. Med Eng Phys 2017; 47:190-197. [PMID: 28716304 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass procedures are one of the most common operations and blood oxygenators are the centre piece for the heart-lung machines. Blood oxygenators have been tested as entire devices but intricate details on the flow field inside the oxygenators remain unknown. In this study, a novel method is presented to analyse the flow field inside oxygenators based on micro Computed Tomography (μCT) scans. Two Hollow Fibre Membrane (HFM) oxygenator prototypes were scanned and three-dimensional full scale models that capture the device-specific fibre distributions are set up for computational fluid dynamics analysis. The blood flow through the oxygenator is modelled as a non-Newtonian fluid. The results were compared against the flow solution through an ideal fibre distribution and show the importance of a uniform distribution of fibres and that the oxygenators analysed are not susceptible to flow directionality as mass flow versus area remain the same. However the pressure drop across the oxygenator is dependent on flow rate and direction. By comparing residence time of blood against the time frame to fully saturate blood with oxygen we highlight the potential of this method as design optimisation tool. In conclusion, image-based reconstruction is found to be a feasible route to assess oxygenator performance through flow modelling. It offers the possibility to review a product as manufactured rather than as designed, which is a valuable insight as a precursor to the approval processes. Finally, the flow analysis presented may be extended, at computational cost, to include species transport in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Onofrio
- Swansea University, College of Engineering, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - R van Loon
- Swansea University, College of Engineering, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - S Rolland
- Swansea University, College of Engineering, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - R Johnston
- Swansea University, College of Engineering, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - L North
- Swansea University, College of Engineering, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - S Brown
- Institute of Life Science 2, Haemair Ltd., Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Phillips
- Institute of Life Science 2, Haemair Ltd., Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J Sienz
- Swansea University, College of Engineering, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
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10
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Low KWQ, van Loon R, Rolland SA, Sienz J. Pore-Scale Modeling of Non-Newtonian Shear-Thinning Fluids in Blood Oxygenator Design. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:051001. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4032801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews and further develops pore-scale computational flow modeling techniques used for creeping flow through orthotropic fiber bundles used in blood oxygenators. Porous model significantly reduces geometrical complexity by taking a homogenization approach to model the fiber bundles. This significantly simplifies meshing and can avoid large time-consuming simulations. Analytical relationships between permeability and porosity exist for Newtonian flow through regular arrangements of fibers and are commonly used in macroscale porous models by introducing a Darcy viscous term in the flow momentum equations. To this extent, verification of analytical Newtonian permeability–porosity relationships has been conducted for parallel and transverse flow through square and staggered arrangements of fibers. Similar procedures are then used to determine the permeability–porosity relationship for non-Newtonian blood. The results demonstrate that modeling non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluids in porous media can be performed via a generalized Darcy equation with a porous medium viscosity decomposed into a constant term and a directional expression through least squares fitting. This concept is then investigated for various non-Newtonian blood viscosity models. The proposed methodology is conducted with two different porous model approaches, homogeneous and heterogeneous, and validated against a high-fidelity model. The results of the heterogeneous porous model approach yield improved pressure and velocity distribution which highlights the importance of wall effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny W. Q. Low
- Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies (ASTUTE) Project, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK e-mail:
| | - Raoul van Loon
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK e-mail:
| | - Samuel A. Rolland
- Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies (ASTUTE) Project, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK e-mail:
| | - Johann Sienz
- Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies (ASTUTE) Project, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK e-mail:
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Consolo F, Valerio L, Brizzola S, Rota P, Marazzato G, Vincoli V, Reggiani S, Redaelli A, Fiore G. On the Use of the Platelet Activity State Assay for the In Vitro Quantification of Platelet Activation in Blood Recirculating Devices for Extracorporeal Circulation. Artif Organs 2016; 40:971-980. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Consolo
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Lorenzo Valerio
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Stefano Brizzola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Paolo Rota
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Giulia Marazzato
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Valentina Vincoli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | | | - Alberto Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Gianfranco Fiore
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
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12
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Consolo F, Fiore GB, Pelosi A, Reggiani S, Redaelli A. A numerical performance assessment of a commercial cardiopulmonary by-pass blood heat exchanger. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:584-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Schlanstein PC, Hesselmann F, Jansen SV, Gemsa J, Kaufmann TA, Klaas M, Roggenkamp D, Schröder W, Schmitz-Rode T, Steinseifer U, Arens J. Particle Image Velocimetry Used to Qualitatively Validate Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations in an Oxygenator: A Proof of Concept. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2015; 6:340-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-015-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Undar A, Wang S, Krawiec C. Impact of a unique international conference on pediatric mechanical circulatory support and pediatric cardiopulmonary perfusion research. Artif Organs 2012; 36:943-50. [PMID: 23121202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2012.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is no question that the International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion is a unique event that has had a significant impact on the treatment of neonatal, infantile, and pediatric cardiopulmonary patients around the globe since 2005. This annual event will continue as long as there is a need to fill the gap for underserved patient population. It will also continue to recognize promising young investigators based on their full manuscripts for young investigator awards.
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In Vitro Performance Testing of a Pediatric Oxygenator With an Integrated Pulsatile Pump. ASAIO J 2012; 58:420-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e318251dc70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2011 are organized by category and briefly summarized. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, and the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level."Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ replacement, recovery, and regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers, the quality expected from such a journal would not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley-Blackwell, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. In this Editor's Review, that historically has been widely well-received by our readership, we aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ replacement, recovery, and regeneration. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Malchesky
- Artificial Organs Editorial Office, 10 West Erie Street, Painesville, OH 44077, USA.
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