1
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Soil bacterial assemblage responses to wildfire in low elevation southern California habitats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266256. [PMID: 35395016 PMCID: PMC8992989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how wildfires and modification in plant assemblages interact to influence soil bacteria assemblages is a crucial step in understanding how these disturbances may influence ecosystem structure and function. Here, we resampled soil from three study sites previously surveyed in spring 2016 and 2017 and compared soil bacterial assemblages prior to and six months after (spring 2019) the 2018 Woolsey Fire in the Santa Monica Mountain National Recreation Area using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. All sites harbored both native California sage scrub and a non-native (grassland or forbland) habitat, allowing us to examine how fire influenced bacterial assemblages in common southern California habitats. Most results contrasted with our a-priori hypotheses: (1) richness and diversity increased following the fire, (2) heat/drought resistant and sensitive bacteria did not show consistent and differing patterns by increasing and decreasing, respectively, in relative abundance after the fire, and (3) bacterial assemblage structure was only minimally impacted by fire, with no differences being found between 2017 (pre-fire) and 2019 (post-fire) in three of the six habitats sampled. As sage scrub and non-native grasslands consistently harbored unique bacterial assemblages both before and following the fire, modifications in plant compositions will likely have legacy effects on these soils that persist even after a fire. Combined, our results demonstrate that bacterial assemblages in southern California habitats are minimally affected by fire. Because direct impacts of fire are limited, but indirect impacts, e.g., modifications in plant compositions, are significant, plant restoration efforts following a fire should strive to revegetate sage scrub areas to prevent legacy changes in bacterial composition.
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2
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Zhu SC, Zheng HX, Liu WS, Liu C, Guo MN, Huot H, Morel JL, Qiu RL, Chao Y, Tang YT. Plant-Soil Feedbacks for the Restoration of Degraded Mine Lands: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:751794. [PMID: 35087482 PMCID: PMC8787142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much effort has been made to remediate the degraded mine lands that bring severe impacts to the natural environments. However, it remains unclear what drives the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, making the restoration of these fragile ecosystems a big challenge. The interactions among plant species, soil communities, and abiotic conditions, i.e., plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs), significantly influence vegetation development, plant community structure, and ultimately regulate the recovery of ecosystem multi-functionality. Here, we present a conceptual framework concerning PSFs patterns and potential mechanisms in degraded mine lands. Different from healthy ecosystems, mine lands are generally featured with harsh physical and chemical properties, which may have different PSFs and should be considered during the restoration. Usually, pioneer plants colonized in the mine lands can adapt to the stressful environment by forming tolerant functional traits and gathering specific soil microbial communities. Understanding the mechanisms of PSFs would enhance our ability to predict and alter both the composition of above- and below-ground communities, and improve the recovery of ecosystem functions in degraded mine lands. Finally, we put forward some challenges of the current PSFs study and discuss avenues for further research in the ecological restoration of degraded mine lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Shen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, INRAE-Universiteì de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-leÌs-Nancy, France
| | - Mei-Na Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, INRAE-Universiteì de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-leÌs-Nancy, France
| | - Hermine Huot
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean Louis Morel
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, INRAE-Universiteì de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-leÌs-Nancy, France
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Chao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Native soil amendments combined with commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase biomass of Panicum amarum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17865. [PMID: 34504201 PMCID: PMC8429433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal dune restorations often fail because of poorly performing plants. The addition of beneficial microbes can improve plant performance, though it is unclear if the source of microbes matters. Here, we tested how native soil amendments and commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi influenced performance of Panicum amarum, a dominant grass on Texas coastal dunes. In a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the identity of native soil amendments (from P. amarum, Uniola paniculata, or unvegetated areas), the presence of soil microbes in the native soil amendments (live or sterile), and the presence of the commercial AM fungi (present or absent). Native soils from vegetated areas contained 149% more AM fungal spores than unvegetated areas. The commercial AM fungi, when combined with previously vegetated native soils, increased aboveground biomass of P. amarum by 26%. Effects on belowground biomass were weaker, although the addition of any microbes decreased the root:shoot ratio. The origin of native soil amendments can influence restoration outcomes. In this case soil from areas with vegetation outperformed soil from areas without vegetation. Combining native soils with commercial AM fungi may provide a strategy for increasing plant performance while also maintaining other ecosystem functions provided by native microbes.
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4
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Fehmi JS, Rasmussen C, Arnold AE. The pioneer effect advantage in plant invasions: site priming of native grasslands by invasive grasses. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Fehmi
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85719 USA
| | - Craig Rasmussen
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85719 USA
| | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85719 USA
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5
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Lamm J, Bastow J, Brown R, Nezat C, Lamm A. Short‐term nutrient reduction reduces cover of an invasive winter annual grass without negatively impacting the soil microbial community. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Lamm
- Biology Department Eastern Washington University Cheney WA 99004 U.S.A
| | - Justin Bastow
- Biology Department Eastern Washington University Cheney WA 99004 U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Biology Department Eastern Washington University Cheney WA 99004 U.S.A
| | - Carmen Nezat
- Geology Department Eastern Washington University Cheney WA 99004 U.S.A
| | - Ashley Lamm
- Chemistry Department Eastern Washington University Cheney WA 99004 U.S.A
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Reichenborn MM, Houseman GR, Foster BL. Plant community recovery following Sericea lespedeza (
Lespedeza cuneata
) removal: testing for a soil legacy effect. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly M. Reichenborn
- Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University Box 26, 1845 Fairmount Street Wichita KS 67260 U.S.A
| | - Gregory R. Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University Box 26, 1845 Fairmount Street Wichita KS 67260 U.S.A
| | - Bryan L. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
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Halpern CB, Antos JA, Kothari S, Olson AM. Past tree influence and prescribed fire exert strong controls on reassembly of mountain grasslands after tree removal. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01860. [PMID: 30703273 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Woody-plant encroachment represents a global threat to grasslands. Although the causes and consequences of this regime shift have received substantial attention, the processes that constrain reassembly of the grassland state remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested two potentially important controls on reassembly, the past influence of trees and the effects of fire, in conifer-invaded grasslands (mountain meadows) of western Oregon. Previously, we had reconstructed the history of tree invasion at fine spatial and temporal resolution. Using small subplots (10 × 10 m) nested within larger (1-ha) experimental plots, we characterized the fine-scale mosaic of encroachment states, ranging from remnant meadow openings (minimally altered by trees) to century-old forests (lacking meadow species). Subsequently, we removed trees from six plots, of which three were broadcast burned and three remained unburned (except for localized burn piles). Within each plot, subplots were sampled before and periodically after tree removal to quantify the individual and interactive effects of past tree influence and fire on grassland community reassembly. Adjacent, uninvaded meadows served as reference sites. "Past tree influence" was defined as the multivariate (structural or compositional) distance of subplots to reference meadows prior to tree removal. "Reassembly" was defined as the distance, or change in distance, to reference meadows at final sampling. Consistent with theory, we observed greater reassembly of plant community structure than of composition, as loss of meadow specialists was offset by establishment of disturbance-adapted meadow generalists of similar growth form. Nevertheless, eight years after tree removal, most subplots remained structurally and compositionally distinct from reference meadows. Furthermore, fire had both destabilizing and inhibitory effects: it reduced survival of meadow specialists across the range of encroachment states and, where past tree influence was greater, it stalled reassembly by promoting expansion of a highly competitive native meadow sedge. The slow pace of reassembly, despite abundant open space, suggests strong seed limitation: a condition exacerbated by burning. We present a novel test of the importance of past tree influence and fire for restoration of tree-invaded grasslands, offering insights into how constraints on community reassembly vary along a continuum of tree-altered states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Halpern
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2100, USA
| | - Joseph A Antos
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Shan Kothari
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Annette M Olson
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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8
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Schmalzer PA, Foster TE. Restoration of Florida scrub vegetation in an old field through 23 years after planting. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Schmalzer
- Ecological Program; Mail Code IMSS-300, Kennedy Space Center; FL 32899 U.S.A
| | - Tammy E. Foster
- Ecological Program; Mail Code IMSS-300, Kennedy Space Center; FL 32899 U.S.A
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Wubs ERJ, van der Putten WH, Bosch M, Bezemer TM. Soil inoculation steers restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16107. [PMID: 27398907 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many natural ecosystems have been degraded because of human activities(1,2) and need to be restored so that biodiversity is protected. However, restoration can take decades and restoration activities are often unsuccessful(3) because of abiotic constraints (for example, eutrophication, acidification) and unfavourable biotic conditions (for example, competition or adverse soil community composition). A key question is what manageable factors prevent transition from degraded to restored ecosystems and what interventions are required for successful restoration(2,4). Experiments have shown that the soil community is an important driver of plant community development(5-8), suggesting that manipulation of the soil community is key to successful restoration of terrestrial ecosystems(3,9). Here we examine a large-scale, six-year-old field experiment on ex-arable land and show that application of soil inocula not only promotes ecosystem restoration, but that different origins of soil inocula can steer the plant community development towards different target communities, varying from grassland to heathland vegetation. The impact of soil inoculation on plant and soil community composition was most pronounced when the topsoil layer was removed, whereas effects were less strong, but still significant, when the soil inocula were introduced into intact topsoil. Therefore, soil inoculation is a powerful tool to both restore disturbed terrestrial ecosystems and steer plant community development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Jasper Wubs
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel Bosch
- Vereniging Natuurmonumenten, District Zuid-West Veluwe, Planken Wambuisweg 1a, 6718 SP Ede, The Netherlands
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sikes BA, Hawkes CV, Fukami T. Plant and root endophyte assembly history: interactive effects on native and exotic plants. Ecology 2016; 97:484-93. [PMID: 27145622 DOI: 10.1890/15-0635.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the arrival timing of plants and soil biota may result in different plant communities through priority effects, potentially affecting the success of native vs. exotic plants, but experimental evidence is largely lacking. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate whether the assembly history of plants and fungal root endophytes could interact to influence plant emergence and biomass. We introduced a grass species and eight fungal species from one of three land-use types (undisturbed, disturbed, or pasture sites in a Florida scrubland) in factorial combinations. We then introduced all plants and fungi from the other land-use types 2 weeks later. Plant emergence was monitored for 6 months, and final plant biomass and fungal species composition assessed. The emergence and growth of the exotic Melinis repens and the native Schizacharyium niveum were affected negatively when introduced early with their "home" fungi, but early introduction of a different plant species or fungi from a different site type eliminated these negative effects, providing evidence for interactive priority effects. Interactive effects of plant and fungal arrival history may be an overlooked determinant of plant community structure and may provide an effective management tool to inhibit biological invasion and aid ecosystem restoration.
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11
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The invasive annual cheatgrass releases more nitrogen than crested wheatgrass through root exudation and senescence. Oecologia 2016; 181:971-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Hendriks M, Visser EJW, Visschers IGS, Aarts BHJ, Caluwe H, Smit‐Tiekstra AE, Putten WH, Kroon H, Mommer L. Root responses of grassland species to spatial heterogeneity of plant–soil feedback. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Hendriks
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Eric J. W. Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Isabella G. S. Visschers
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Bart H. J. Aarts
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Hannie Caluwe
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek E. Smit‐Tiekstra
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Wim H. Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology PO Box 50 Wageningen 6700 AB the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology Wageningen University PO Box 8123 6700 ES the Netherlands
| | - Hans Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen PO Box 9100 Nijmegen 6500 GL the Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Wageningen University PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
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Glinka C, Hawkes CV. Environmental controls on fungal community composition and abundance over 3 years in native and degraded shrublands. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:807-817. [PMID: 24935902 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungal communities have high local diversity and turnover, but the relative contribution of environmental and regional drivers to those patterns remains poorly understood. Local factors that contribute to fungal diversity include soil properties and the plant community, but there is also evidence for regional dispersal limitation in some fungal communities. We used different plant communities with different soil conditions and experimental manipulations of both vegetation and dispersal to distinguish among these factors. Specifically, we compared native shrublands with former native shrublands that had been disturbed or converted to pasture, resulting in soils progressively more enriched in carbon and nutrients. We tested the role of vegetation via active removal, and we manipulated dispersal by adding living soil inoculum from undisturbed native sites. Soil fungi were tracked for 3 years, with samples taken at ten time points from June 2006 to June 2009. We found that soil fungal abundance, richness, and community composition responded primarily to soil properties, which in this case were a legacy of plant community degradation. In contrast, dispersal had no effect on soil fungi. Temporal variation in soil fungi was partly related to drought status, yet it was much broader in native sites compared to pastures, suggesting some buffering due to the increased soil resources in the pasture sites. The persistence of soil fungal communities over 3 years in this study suggests that soil properties can act as a strong local environmental filter. Largely persistent soil fungal communities also indicate the potential for strong biotic resistance and soil legacies, which presents a challenge for both the prediction of how fungi respond to environmental change and our ability to manipulate fungi in efforts such as ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Glinka
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Urgenson LS, Reichard SH, Halpern CB. Habitat Factors and Species' Traits Influence Riparian Community Recovery Following Removal of Bohemian Knotweed (Polygonum x bohemicum). NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.3955/046.088.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Halpern CB, Antos JA, Beckman LM. Vegetation Recovery in Slash-Pile Scars Following Conifer Removal in a Grassland-Restoration Experiment. Restor Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Halpern
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; College of the Environment, University of Washington; Box 352100 Seattle WA 98195-2100 U.S.A
| | - Joseph A. Antos
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; PO Box 3020 Victoria BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Liam M. Beckman
- Robert D. Clark Honors College; 1293 University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97403-1293 U.S.A
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Hickman JE, Lerdau MT. Biogeochemical impacts of the northward expansion of kudzu under climate change: the importance of ecological context. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00142.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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