1
|
The Prophylactic and Multimodal Activity of Two Isatin Thiosemicarbazones against Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060806. [PMID: 35741690 PMCID: PMC9221192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder strongly involving the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, which subsequently aggregate into the disease characteristic insoluble amyloid plaques, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and increased acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, Aβ oligomers interfere with the expression and activity of Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT. In the present study, the potential multimodal effect of two synthetic isatin thiosemicarbazones (ITSCs), which have been previously shown to prevent Aβ aggregation was evaluated. Both compounds resulted in fully reversing the Aβ-mediated toxicity in SK-NS-H cells treated with exogenous Aβ peptides at various pre-incubation time points and at 1 μM. Cell survival was not recovered when compounds were applied after Aβ cell treatment. The ITSCs were non-toxic against wild type and 5xFAD primary hippocampal cells. They reversed the inhibition of Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in 5xFAD cells. Finally, they exhibited good antioxidant potential and moderate lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Overall, these results suggest that isatin thiosemicarbazone is a suitable scaffold for the development of multimodal anti-AD agents.
Collapse
|
2
|
Faro LRF, Justo L, Gómez R, Durán R. Participation of glutamatergic and nitrergic systems in the striatal dopamine release induced by isatin, a MAO inhibitor. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4729-4739. [PMID: 34022091 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isatin is a biofactor with different biochemical and pharmacological properties whose effects attract much attention because it is an endogenous inhibitor of the monoamine oxidase in the brain. When exogenously administrated, isatin increases dopamine levels in intact and denervated striatum of rats, an effect that could indicate its potential as a therapeutic agent in Parkinson disease. However, the neurochemical mechanisms by which isatin increases dopamine in the striatum are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluate the role of the glutamatergic and nitrergic systems in the isatin-induced dopamine release from rat striatum. Our findings show that the intrastriatal administration of 10 mM isatin significantly increases the in vivo release of dopamine (1,104.7% ± 97.1%), and the amino acids glutamate (428.7% ± 127%) and taurine (221% ± 22%) from rat striatum measured by brain microdialysis. The pretreatment with MK-801 (500 µM) or AP5 (650 µM) (glutamatergic NMDA receptors antagonists) significantly reduces the effect of isatin on dopamine release by 52% and 70.5%, respectively. The administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L-NAME (100 µM) or 7-NI (100 µM) also decreases the isatin-induced dopamine release by 77% and 42%, respectively. These results show that isatin, in addition to increasing dopamine release, also increases glutamate levels, and possibly activates NMDA receptors and nitric oxide production, which can promote a further increase in the dopamine release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian R F Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Justo
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Isatin based thiosemicarbazide derivatives as potential inhibitor of α-glucosidase, synthesis and their molecular docking study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Possible synergies between isatin, an endogenous MAO inhibitor, and antiparkinsonian agents on the dopamine release from striatum of freely moving rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Riazimontazer E, Sadeghpour H, Nadri H, Sakhteman A, Tüylü Küçükkılınç T, Miri R, Edraki N. Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel tacrine-isatin Schiff base hybrid derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103006. [PMID: 31158577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tacrine-isatin Schiff base hybrid derivatives (7a-p) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-target candidates against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological assays indicated that most of these compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and specific selectivity for AChE over BuChE. It was also found that they act as excellent metal chelators. The compounds 7k and 7m were found to be good inhibitors of AChE-induced amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation. Most of the compounds inhibited AChE with the IC50 values, ranging from 0.42 nM to 79.66 nM. Amongst them, 7k, 7m and 7p, all with a 6 carbon linker between tacrine and isatin Schiff base exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against AChE with IC50 values of 0.42 nM, 0.62 nM and 0.95 nM, respectively. They were 92-, 62- and 41-fold more active than tacrine (IC50 = 38.72 nM) toward AChE. Most of the compounds also showed a potent BuChE inhibition among which 7d with an IC50 value of 0.11 nM for BuChE is the most potent one (56-fold more potent than that of tacrine (IC50 = 6.21 nM)). In addition, most compounds exhibited the highest metal chelating property. Kinetic and molecular modeling studies revealed that 7k is a mixed-type inhibitor, capable of binding to catalytic and peripheral site of AChE. Our findings make this hybrid scaffold an excellent candidate to modify current drugs in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Riazimontazer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Sadeghpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - H Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - A Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - T Tüylü Küçükkılınç
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sihhiye-Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Miri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Isatin-Thiazole Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040659. [PMID: 28425975 PMCID: PMC6154535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel isatin-thiazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These compounds displayed a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 5.36 ± 0.13 to 35.76 ± 0.31 μm as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 817.38 ± 6.27 μm). Among the series, compound 6p bearing a hydroxyl group at the 4-position of the right phenyl and 2-fluorobenzyl substituent at the N1-positions of the 5-methylisatin displayed the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.36 ± 0.13 μm. Molecular docking studies revealed the existence of hydrophobic interaction, CH-π interaction, arene-anion interaction, arene-cation interaction, and hydrogen bond between these compounds and α-glucosidase enzyme.
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects and mechanism of action of isatin, a MAO inhibitor, on in vivo striatal dopamine release. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:147-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
8
|
Isatin based Schiff bases as inhibitors of α-glucosidase: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Makki M, Abdel-Rahman R, El-Shahawi M. Voltammetric behavior, biocidal effect and synthesis of some new nanomeric fused cyclic thiosemicarbazones and their mercuric(II) salts. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
Gupta AK, Sindal RS. A comparative study of electrochemical reduction of isatin and its synthesized Schiff bases at HMDE. J CHEM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-009-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Minami M, Hamaue N, Hirafuji M, Saito H, Hiroshige T, Ogata A, Tashiro K, Parvez SH. Isatin, an endogenous MAO inhibitor, and a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by the Japanese encephalitis virus. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2006; 71:87-95. [PMID: 17447419 PMCID: PMC7120655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-33328-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A single dose of isatin (indole-2,3-dione)(i.p.), an endogenous MAO inhibitor, significantly increased norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in the rat brain and also significantly increased acetylcholine and dopamine (DA) levels in the rat striatum. Urinary isatin concentrations in patients with Parkinson's disease tend to increase according to the severity of disease. We have developed a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The distribution of the pathological lesions of JEV-rats resemble those found in Parkinson's disease. Significant behavioral improvement was observed in JEV-rats after isatin, L-DOPA and selegiline administration using a pole test. Both isatin and selegiline prevented the decrease in striatum DA levels of JEV-rats. The increased turnover of DA (DOPAC/DA) induced by JEV was significantly inhibited by isatin, but not selegiline. These findings suggest that JEV-infected rats may serve as a model of Parkinson's disease and that exogenously administered isatin and selegiline can improve JEV-induced parkinsonism by increasing DA concentrations in the striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Minami
- The Research Institute of Personalized Health Science, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nishizono N, Oda K, Kato Y, Ohno K, Minami M, Machida M. Synthesis of Fluorescent Derivatization Reagents: Reaction of Isatin with 3-Aryl- 7-diethylaminocoumarins and Their Fluorescent Properties. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Nishizono N, Oda K, Ohno K, Minami M, Machida M. Synthesis of 3-Aryl-7-diethylaminocoumarin Derivatives: Reaction with Isatin and Their Fluorescent Properties. HETEROCYCLES 2001. [DOI: 10.3987/com-01-9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|