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Ding C, Ren Y, Yu Y, Yin G. Ligand-modulated nickel-catalyzed regioselective silylalkylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7670. [PMID: 37996492 PMCID: PMC10667358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosilicon compounds have shown tremendous potential in drug discovery and their synthesis stimulates wide interest. Multicomponent cross-coupling of alkenes with silicon reagents is used to yield complex silicon-containing compounds from readily accessible feedstock chemicals but the reaction with simple alkenes remains challenging. Here, we report a regioselective silylalkylation of simple alkenes, which is enabled by using a stable Ni(II) salt and an inexpensive trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane ligand as a catalyst. Remarkably, this reaction can tolerate a broad range of olefins bearing various functional groups, including alcohol, ester, amides and ethers, thus it allows for the efficient and selective assembly of a diverse range of bifunctional organosilicon building blocks from terminal alkenes, alkyl halides and the Suginome reagent. Moreover, an expedient synthetic route toward alpha-Lipoic acid has been developed by this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhou M, Liu J, Deng R, Wang Q, Wu S, Zheng P, Chi YR. Construction of Tetrasubstituted Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes via Conformational Isomerization and N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mali Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rui Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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3
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Xie X, Zhang X, Yang H, Ji X, Li J, Ding S. Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Scope and Application to Late-Stage Functionalization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1085-1093. [PMID: 30562466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and general Ir-catalyzed hydrosilylation of unactivated alkenes with excellent anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity was described. A broad scope of hydrosilylated products were synthesized economically and conveniently from commercially or naturally available compounds, which provides versatile valuable precursors for organic and medicinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingze Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , 100029 , China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , 100029 , China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , 100029 , China
| | - Xin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , 100029 , China
| | - Jianing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , 100029 , China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , 100029 , China
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4
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Garlets ZJ, Davies HML. Harnessing the β-Silicon Effect for Regioselective and Stereoselective Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization by Donor/Acceptor Carbenes Derived from 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:2168-2171. [PMID: 29638130 PMCID: PMC6035867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective and enantioselective intermolecular sp3 C-H functionalization of silicon-substituted alkanes was accomplished using Rh2( S-NTTL)4 with readily available 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles as carbene precursors. These reactions generate a diverse array of stereodefined substituted silaalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Garlets
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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5
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Mousazadeh H, Milani M, Zarghami N, Alizadeh E, Safa KD. Study of the Cytotoxic and Bactericidal Effects of Sila-substituted Thioalkyne and Mercapto-thione Compounds based on 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:390-399. [PMID: 28613449 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of sila-organosulphur compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole cores were screened for their cytotoxic activity on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Most of the tested compounds exhibited moderate-to-good activity against the cancer cells. Especially, the compound 4-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynylthio)methyl)-1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (3a) from series of sila-substituted thioalkyne 1,2,3-triazoles (STATs) and the compounds 3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-mercapto-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)propane-2-thione (4a) and 1-mercapto-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-(1-phenethyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)propane-2-thione (4e) from series of sila-substituted mercapto-thione 1,2,3-triazoles (SMTTs) exhibited promising cytotoxicity against MCF-7 with IC50 values of 35.17, 32.63 and 30.3 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the possible mechanisms for inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death were explored by DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis and qRT-PCR. The synthetic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities, and as a result, the most prominent effects were observed for 3e and 4e. Especially, 3e was found to be quite active against all the tested strains with the MIC values ranging from 15 to 62 μg/mL, except P. aeruginosa. The results of the time-kill assay suggested that the compound of 3e completely inhibited the growth of both gram-negative bacteria, A. baumannii, and gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus. In addition, SEM analysis confirmed morphostructural damage of the bacteria. Our findings could be applicable for developing dual-targeting anticancer/antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mousazadeh
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem D Safa
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Rabbani G, Baig MH, Lee EJ, Cho WK, Ma JY, Choi I. Biophysical Study on the Interaction between Eperisone Hydrochloride and Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic, Calorimetric, and Molecular Docking Analyses. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1656-1665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean
Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Donggu, Daegu-41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean
Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Donggu, Daegu-41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
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7
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Rabbani G, Baig MH, Lee EJ, Cho WK, Ma JY, Choi I. Biophysical Study on the Interaction between Eperisone Hydrochloride and Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic, Calorimetric, and Molecular Docking Analyses. Mol Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01124 pmid: 28380300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean
Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Donggu, Daegu-41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean
Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Donggu, Daegu-41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, YeungNam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-38541, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ding A, Xie R, Gu G, Sun J. Bromo-catalyzed photo esterification of benzylsilanes with alcohols under aerobic conditions. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rücker
- Institute for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg , Scharnhorststrasse 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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10
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Sun J, Wang Y, Han L, Xu D, Chen Y, Peng X, Guo H. Photoinduced HBr-catalyzed C–Si bond cleavage of benzylsilanes and their subsequent oxidation into benzoic acids with air as the terminal oxidant. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced highly efficient C–Si bond cleavage reaction of benzylsilanes under the catalysis of HBr was developed. The in situ generated benzyl radical intermediates were aerobically oxidized into benzoic acids highly chemoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology
- Shanghai Medical College
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liqiong Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
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11
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Li Y, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Guzgay H, Hendricks DT, Naran K, Mizrahi V, Warner DF, Chibale K, Smith GS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Silicon-Containing Aminoquinoline Organometallic Complexes As Antiplasmodial, Antitumor, and Antimycobacterial Agents. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division of Pharmacology, Department
of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45,
OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology, Department
of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45,
OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Hajira Guzgay
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department
of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Denver T. Hendricks
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department
of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Dinneswara Reddy G, Park SJ, Cho HM, Kim TJ, Lee ME. Antiallergic activity profile in vitro RBL-2H3 and in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model of new sila-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6438-44. [PMID: 22770426 DOI: 10.1021/jm300421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of sila-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles was synthesized and evaluated for antiallergic activity using RBL-2H3 as the in vitro model and the in vivo anaphylactic mouse model. We observed that compound 5c effectively suppressed DNP-HSA-induced mast cell degranulation, compared to carbon analogue 9, and also suppressed the expression of TNF-α mRNA and Akt phosphorylation in antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. We also studied the effect of 5c in an in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse model. The suppression by 5c was more effective than that by diphenylhydramine (DPH), a typical anti-histamine drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guda Dinneswara Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research and Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
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Lenkey N, Karoly R, Lukacs P, Vizi ES, Sunesen M, Fodor L, Mike A. Classification of drugs based on properties of sodium channel inhibition: a comparative automated patch-clamp study. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15568. [PMID: 21187965 PMCID: PMC3004914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is only one established drug binding site on sodium channels. However, drug binding of sodium channels shows extreme promiscuity: ∼25% of investigated drugs have been found to potently inhibit sodium channels. The structural diversity of these molecules suggests that they may not share the binding site, and/or the mode of action. Our goal was to attempt classification of sodium channel inhibitors by measuring multiple properties of inhibition in electrophysiology experiments. We also aimed to investigate if different properties of inhibition correlate with specific chemical properties of the compounds. Methodology/Principal Findings A comparative electrophysiological study of 35 compounds, including classic sodium channel inhibitors (anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics and local anesthetics), as well as antidepressants, antipsychotics and neuroprotective agents, was carried out using rNav1.2 expressing HEK-293 cells and the QPatch automatic patch-clamp instrument. In the multi-dimensional space defined by the eight properties of inhibition (resting and inactivated affinity, potency, reversibility, time constants of onset and offset, use-dependence and state-dependence), at least three distinct types of inhibition could be identified; these probably reflect distinct modes of action. The compounds were clustered similarly in the multi-dimensional space defined by relevant chemical properties, including measures of lipophilicity, aromaticity, molecular size, polarity and electric charge. Drugs of the same therapeutic indication typically belonged to the same type. We identified chemical properties, which were important in determining specific properties of inhibition. State-dependence correlated with lipophilicity, the ratio of the neutral form of molecules, and aromaticity: We noticed that the highly state dependent inhibitors had at least two aromatic rings, logP>4.0, and pKa<8.0. Conclusions/Significance The correlations of inhibition properties both with chemical properties and therapeutic profiles would not have been evident through the sole determination of IC50; therefore, recording multiple properties of inhibition may allow improved prediction of therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lenkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Karoly
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Lukacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Laszlo Fodor
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpad Mike
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eperisone hydrochloride has been recently proposed as a muscle relaxant for the treatment of muscle contracture and chronic low back pain (LBP) as it is devoid of clinically relevant sedative effects on the central nervous system (CNS). We tested this hypothesis by performing a study of patients with LBP and muscle contracture who were treated with full-dose eperisone. METHODS Patients with moderate to severe, acute, or relapsing LBP received eperisone 100 mg three times daily for 10 consecutive days. Assessments included: spontaneous pain, pain on movement, resistance to passive movement, antalgic rigidity, and tolerability. RESULTS In total, 100 patients were enrolled into the study. The treatment achieved a consistent analgesic and muscle relaxant activity across all patients. Both spontaneous pain and pain on movement were significantly decreased, as was resistance encountered by the investigator to passive movements, antalgic rigidity, and muscle contracture. As a consequence, treatment with eperisone resulted in a lower rigidity of the lower back and an improved motility for patients. Only seven adverse reactions were reported, including light-headedness (1), occasional vertigo and/or loss of equilibrium (3), mild somnolence (2), and epigastric pain (1). In almost all cases, there was no need to interrupt the treatment and the adverse reaction resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS Eperisone had an analgesic and muscle relaxant effect in patients with LBP. It should be noted that while it is common practice in rheumatology to combine a pain killer with a muscle relaxant in order to achieve a satisfactory result on both symptoms, the present results with eperisone were achieved with a single drug. With an improved tolerability profile compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and a lack of significant adverse effects on the CNS, eperisone hydrochloride represents a valuable alternative to traditional analgesics and muscle relaxants for the treatment of LBP.
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Quasthoff S, Möckel C, Zieglgänsberger W, Schreibmayer W. Tolperisone: a typical representative of a class of centrally acting muscle relaxants with less sedative side effects. CNS Neurosci Ther 2008; 14:107-19. [PMID: 18482024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2008.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolperisone, a piperidine derivative, is assigned to the group of centrally acting muscle relaxants and has been in clinical use now for decades. The review summarizes the known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology and side effects in humans and the clinical use of tolperisone. A future perspective for further exploration of this drug is given.
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16
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Bölcskei H, Tarnawa I, Kocsis P. Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, 2001-2006: An overview. Med Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Gately S, West R. Novel therapeutics with enhanced biological activity generated by the strategic introduction of silicon isosteres into known drug scaffolds. Drug Dev Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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