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Mayo S, Gómez-Manjón I, Marco-Hernández AV, Fernández-Martínez FJ, Camacho A, Martínez F. N-Type Ca Channel in Epileptic Syndromes and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Genetic Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6100. [PMID: 37047073 PMCID: PMC10094502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
N-type voltage-gated calcium channel controls the release of neurotransmitters from neurons. The association of other voltage-gated calcium channels with epilepsy is well-known. The association of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and pain has also been established. However, the relationship between this type of calcium channel and epilepsy has not been specifically reviewed. Therefore, the present review systematically summarizes existing publications regarding the genetic associations between N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mayo
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Manjón
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria Marco-Hernández
- Neuropediatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Translational Research in Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Fernández-Martínez
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Camacho
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Translational Research in Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Yang L, Li C, Wang D, Liu H. Cp*Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Bond Difluorovinylation of Indoles with α,α-Difluorovinyl Tosylate. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7320-7330. [PMID: 31081322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond difluorovinylation of indoles has been successfully developed, and this method provided an example of direct difluorovinylation reaction through C-H bond activation which was rarely reported. In this context, N-ethoxycarbamoyl served as the directing group and 2,2-difluorovinyl tosylates were used for the construction of difluorovinyl-substituted indoles. This method provided a practical strategy for difluorovinylation of indoles with moderate to good yields and is characterized by the broad synthetic utility, mild conditions, and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Yang
- School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | | | - Dechuan Wang
- School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
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Yang X, Meehan AL, Rothman SM, Dubinsky JM. Seletracetam enhances short term depression in vitro. Epilepsy Res 2015; 117:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Levetiracetam Prevents Perforin Mediated Neuronal Injury Induced by Acute Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5480-91. [PMID: 26454821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the neuroprotection mechanism of levetiracetam (LEV) with acute focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/P) mouse. The cerebral artery I/P animal model was prepared with a middle artery cerebral occlusion method. For drug intervention, mice were intraperitoneally injected with LEV with a dose of either 15 or 150 mg/kg. Neuronal injury was evaluated by measuring the infarct area, apoptosis ratio, and observation of blood-brain barrier ultrastructure with transmission electron microscope. CD8(+) antibody and perforin antibody were used to make cross-reference screen through flow cytometry to determine a perforin-positive rate in CD8(+) T lymphocytes (PFN + %). Injection of LEV can reduce infarct area, apoptosis ratio, and blood-brain barrier damage 24 h later after acute I/P in WT mice. In vitro, perforin can lower hippocampal neuron viability. In vivo, removing perforin can relieve neuronal injury. High dose injection of LEV (150 mg/kg) can inhibit perforin secreting from CD8(+)T lymphocytes. In addition, LEV can still protect neurons with perforin knockout mice. Therefore, our results suggested that LEV may contribute to neuron protection after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. The possible mechanism may be related with perforin release. However, we cannot roll out other mechanisms.
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Stolyarenko VY, Evdokimov AA, Shishkin VI. Synthesis of spiro-annelated pyroglutamides by the Ugi reaction. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vogl C, Mochida S, Wolff C, Whalley BJ, Stephens GJ. The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A ligand levetiracetam inhibits presynaptic Ca2+ channels through an intracellular pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:199-208. [PMID: 22554805 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.076687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a prominent antiepileptic drug that binds to neuronal synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A protein and has reported effects on ion channels, but with a poorly defined mechanism of action. We investigated inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) (Ca(V)) channels as a potential mechanism through which LEV exerts effects on neuronal activity. We used electrophysiological methods to investigate the effects of LEV on cholinergic synaptic transmission and Ca(V) channel activity in superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCGNs). In parallel, we investigated the effects of the inactive LEV R-enantiomer, (R)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (UCB L060). LEV but not UCB L060 (each at 100 μM) inhibited synaptic transmission between SCGNs in long-term culture in a time-dependent manner, significantly reducing excitatory postsynaptic potentials after a ≥30-min application. In isolated SCGNs, LEV pretreatment (≥1 h) but not short-term application (5 min) significantly inhibited whole-cell Ba(2+) current (I(Ba)) amplitude. In current-clamp recordings, LEV reduced the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarizing potential in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner but also increased the action potential latency in a Ca(2+)-independent manner, which suggests additional mechanisms associated with reduced excitability. Intracellular LEV application (4-5 min) caused rapid inhibition of I(Ba) amplitude, to an extent comparable to that seen with extracellular LEV pretreatment (≥1 h). Neither pretreatment nor intracellular application of UCB L060 produced any inhibitory effects on I(Ba) amplitude. These results identify a stereospecific intracellular pathway through which LEV inhibits presynaptic Ca(V) channels; resultant reductions in neuronal excitability are proposed to contribute to the anticonvulsant effects of LEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogl
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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Hyperthermia induces epileptiform discharges in cultured rat cortical neurons. Brain Res 2011; 1417:87-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tassone A, Madeo G, Schirinzi T, Vita D, Puglisi F, Ponterio G, Borsini F, Pisani A, Bonsi P. Activation of 5-HT6 receptors inhibits corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:632-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Voltage-gated calcium channels in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of absence epilepsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:245-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
In the last fifteen years, new antiepileptic medications have been offered for the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Nevertheless, despite optimal medical treatment, up to 30% of patients still experience recurrent seizures and the challenge for new, more efficacious and better-tolerated drugs continues. New antiepileptic drugs include the evolution of pre-existing drugs and new compounds identified through the investigation of additional molecular targets, such as SV2A synaptic vesicle protein, voltage-gated potassium channels, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and gap junctions. This paper reviews the available information on various classes of molecules that are in the pipeline as well as on the innovative approaches to the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Striano
- Muscular & Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Matagne A, Margineanu DG, Potschka H, Löscher W, Michel P, Kenda B, Klitgaard H. Profile of the new pyrrolidone derivative seletracetam (ucb 44212) in animal models of epilepsy. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 614:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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