1
|
Okada T, Shinkawa H, Taniuchi S, Kinoshita M, Nishio K, Ohira G, Kimura K, Tanaka S, Shintani A, Kubo S, Ishizawa T. Significance of Prediction Models for Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure Based on Type IV Collagen 7s Domain in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1938. [PMID: 38792016 PMCID: PMC11120429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have attempted to establish predictive models for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver resection. However, a versatile and useful predictive model for PHLF remains to be developed. Therefore, we aimed to develop predictive models for PHLF based on type IV collagen 7s domain (7s collagen) in patients with HCC. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 972 patients with HCC who had undergone initial curative liver resection between February 2000 and December 2020 at our hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a restricted cubic spline was performed to evaluate the effect of 7s collagen on the incidence of PHLF. A nomogram was developed based on 7s collagen. Results: PHLF grades B or C were identified in 104 patients (11%): 98 (10%) and 6 (1%) PHLF grades B and C, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the preoperative serum level of 7s collagen was significantly associated with a proportional increase in the risk of PHLF, which was confirmed in both laparoscopic and open liver resections. A nomogram was developed based on 7s collagen, with a concordance index of 0.768. The inclusion of 7s collagen values in the predictive model increased the predictive accuracy. Conclusion: The findings highlight the efficacy of the serum level of 7s collagen as a predictive factor for PHLF. Our novel nomogram using 7s collagen may be useful for predicting the risk of PHLF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Okada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Hiroji Shinkawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Satsuki Taniuchi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (S.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Masahiko Kinoshita
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Kohei Nishio
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Go Ohira
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (S.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Takeaki Ishizawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8595, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.); (K.N.); (G.O.); (K.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (T.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blank V, Heni M, Karlas T. Quantification of Portal Vein Vascularization Using an Automated Post-Processing Video Analysis Tool. Ultrasound Int Open 2023; 9:E2-E10. [PMID: 36950090 PMCID: PMC10027440 DOI: 10.1055/a-1999-7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Blood flow dynamics represent a diagnostic criterion for many diseases. However, no established reference standard is available. In clinical practice, ultrasound pulsed-wave Doppler (PW-Doppler) is frequently used to assess visceral blood flow, despite its well-known limitations. A quantitative analysis of conventional color Doppler patterns can be performed using an innovative ultrasound-based algorithm (pixel flow analysis, PFA). This tool already shows promising results in obstetrics, but the technique has not yet been evaluated for portal venous blood flow assessment. Methods This prospective exploratory research study evaluated the applicability of PFA in the portal venous system. Measurements of portal venous flow using PFA and PW-Doppler were compared in healthy volunteers (n=20) and in patients with hepatic steatosis (n=10) and liver cirrhosis (n=10). Results In healthy volunteers (60% female, mean age 23 years, BMI 21.5 kg/m 2 [20.4-23.8]), PFA and PW-Doppler showed a strong positive correlation in fasting conditions (r=0.69; 95% CI 0.36-0.87), recording a median blood flow of 834 ml/min (624-1066) and 718 ml/min (620-811), respectively. PFA was also applicable in patients with chronic liver diseases (55% female, age 65 years (55-72); BMI 27.8 kg/m 2 (25.4-30.8)), but the correlation between PFA and PW-Doppler was poor (r=- 0.09) in the subgroup with steatosis. A better correlation (r=0.61) was observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Conclusion PFA and PW-Doppler assessment of portal venous vascularization showed high agreement in healthy volunteers and patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, PFA represents a possible alternative to conventional PW-Doppler sonography for visceral blood flow diagnostics and merits further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Blank
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Division of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria Heni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maeda H, Ishima Y, Saruwatari J, Mizuta Y, Minayoshi Y, Ichimizu S, Yanagisawa H, Nagasaki T, Yasuda K, Oshiro S, Taura M, McConnell MJ, Oniki K, Sonoda K, Wakayama T, Kinoshita M, Shuto T, Kai H, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Iwakiri Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Nitric oxide facilitates the targeting Kupffer cells of a nano-antioxidant for the treatment of NASH. J Control Release 2021; 341:457-474. [PMID: 34856227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are a key source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are implicated in the development of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We recently developed a polythiolated and mannosylated human serum albumin (SH-Man-HSA), a nano-antioxidant that targets Kupffer cells, in which the mannosyl units on albumin allows their specific uptake by Kupffer cells via the mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), and in which the polythiolation confers antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SH-Man-HSA in NASH model mice. In livers from mice and/or patients with NASH, we observed a reduced blood flow in the liver lobes and the down-regulation in MRC1 expression in Kupffer cells, and SH-Man-HSA alone failed to improve the pathological phenotype in NASH. However, the administration of a nitric oxide (NO) donor restored hepatic blood flow and increased the expression of the mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2) instead of MRC1. Consequently, treatment with a combination of SH-Man-HSA and an NO donor improved oxidative stress-associated pathology. Finally, we developed a hybrid type of nano-antioxidant (SNO-Man-HSA) via the S-nitrosation of SH-Man-HSA. This nanomedicine efficiently delivered both NO and thiol groups to the liver, with a hepatoprotective effect that was comparable to the combination therapy of SH-Man-HSA and an NO donor. These findings suggest that SNO-Man-HSA has the potential for functioning as a novel nano-therapy for the treatment of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shota Ichimizu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yanagisawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yasuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shun Oshiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Taura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Matthew J McConnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sonoda
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng L, Goto M, Tanaka H, Kamikokura Y, Fujii Y, Okada Y, Furukawa H, Nishikawa Y. Decreased Portal Circulation Augments Fibrosis and Ductular Reaction in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1580-1591. [PMID: 34119474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease often progresses to cirrhosis and causes liver cancer, but mechanisms of its progression are yet to be elucidated. Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is often associated with abnormal portal circulation, there have not been any experimental studies to test its pathogenic role. Here, whether decreased portal circulation affected the pathology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was examined using congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) in C57BL/6J mice. Whereas PSS significantly attenuated free radical-mediated carbon tetrachloride injury, it augmented pericellular fibrosis in the centrilobular area induced by a 0.1% methionine choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). PSS aggravated ductular reaction and increased the expression of connective tissue growth factor. Pimonidazole immunohistochemistry of the liver revealed that the centrilobular area of PSS-harboring mice was more hypoxic than that of control mice. Although tissue hypoxia was observed in the fibrotic area in CDAHFD-induced NASH in both control and PSS-harboring mice, it was more profound in the latter, which was associated with higher carbonic anhydrase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression and neovascularization in the fibrotic area. Furthermore, partial ligation of the portal vein also augmented pericellular fibrosis and ductular reaction induced by a CDAHFD. These results demonstrate that decreased portal circulation, which induces hypoxia due to disrupted intralobular perfusion, is an important aggravating factor of liver fibrosis in NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Meng
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Goto
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamikokura
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Fujii
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Changes in liver perfusion and function before and after percutaneous occlusion of spontaneous portosystemic shunt. Jpn J Radiol 2017; 35:366-372. [PMID: 28501975 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-017-0647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate changes in liver perfusion after occlusion of spontaneous portosystemic shunt and to analyze mechanisms of liver profile improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver function changes and portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flow were evaluated using perfusion CT before and after shunt occlusion in 23 patients who underwent percutaneous occlusion of spontaneous portosystemic shunt because of gastric varices (n = 15) or hepatic encephalopathy (n = 8). RESULTS Portal venous blood flow was significantly higher at 1 week (278.7 ml/min, 92.7-636.7, p = 0.012), 1 month (290.0 ml/min, 110.1-560.1, p < 0.001) and 3 months (299.6 ml/min, 156.7-618.5, p = 0.033) after shunt occlusion than the baseline (220.9 ml/min, 49.5-566.7). Hepatic arterial liver blood flow became lower than the baseline (132.3 ml/min, 47.9-622.3) after shunt occlusion, but a significant decrease was observed only at 1 month later (107.9 ml/min, 45.8-263.6 p = 0.027). Serum albumin concentration became significantly higher than the baseline (3.4 mg/dl, 1.9-4.5) at 1 month (3.8 mg/dl, 2.3-4.3, p = 0.018) and 3 months (3.9 mg/dl, 2.6-4.3, p = 0.024) after shunt occlusion. CONCLUSION Shunt occlusion increases portal venous blood flow and decreases hepatic arterial blood flow, thereby improving the liver profile.
Collapse
|
6
|
Volkova NI, Porksheyan MI. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: What do we know and what will we have to learn? TERAPEVT ARKH 2017; 89:91-98. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201789291-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The article reviews relevant data on the prevalence, natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and critically assesses the fixed notion of this disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shigefuku R, Takahashi H, Nakano H, Watanabe T, Matsunaga K, Matsumoto N, Kato M, Morita R, Michikawa Y, Tamura T, Hiraishi T, Hattori N, Noguchi Y, Nakahara K, Ikeda H, Ishii T, Okuse C, Sase S, Itoh F, Suzuki M. Correlations of Hepatic Hemodynamics, Liver Function, and Fibrosis Markers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Comparison with Chronic Hepatitis Related to Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1545. [PMID: 27649152 PMCID: PMC5037819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Shigefuku
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Kanagawa, Yokohama 241-0811, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Matsunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Ryo Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Yousuke Michikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Tamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Kanagawa, Yokohama 241-0811, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Hiraishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 214-8525, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Hattori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Yohei Noguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Kanagawa, Yokohama 241-0811, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Nakahara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 214-8525, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Okuse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 214-8525, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Sase
- Anzai Medical Company, Ltd., Tokyo 141-0033, Japan.
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kanagawa, Kawasaki 214-8525, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kenney SP, Wentworth JL, Heffron CL, Meng XJ. Replacement of the hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein PxxP motif with heterologous late domain motifs affects virus release via interaction with TSG101. Virology 2015; 486:198-208. [PMID: 26457367 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) contains a "PSAP" amino acid late domain motif, which allows for interaction with the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway aiding virion release. Late domain motifs are interchangeable with other viral late domain motifs in several enveloped viruses, however, it remains unknown whether HEV shares this functional interchangeability and what implications this might have on viral replication. In this study, by substituting heterologous late domain motifs (PPPY, YPDL, and PSAA) for the HEV ORF3 late domain (PSAP), we demonstrated that deviation from the PSAP motif reduces virus release as measured by viral RNA in culture media. Virus release could not be restored by insertion of a heterologous late domain motif or by supplying wild-type ORF3 in trans, suggesting that the HEV PSAP motif is required for viral exit which cannot be bypassed by the use of alternative heterologous late domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Kenney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Connie L Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Takahashi H, Shigefuku R, Yoshida Y, Ikeda H, Matsunaga K, Matsumoto N, Okuse C, Sase S, Itoh F, Suzuki M. Correlation between hepatic blood flow and liver function in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17065-17074. [PMID: 25493018 PMCID: PMC4258574 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the correlation between hepatic blood flow and liver function in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AL-LC).
METHODS: The subjects included 35 patients with AL-LC (34 men, 1 woman; mean age, 58.9 ± 10.7 years; median age, 61 years; range: 37-76 years). All patients were enrolled in this study after obtaining written informed consent. Liver function was measured with tests measuring albumin (Alb), prothrombin time (PT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), branched amino acid and tyrosine ratio (BTR), branched chain amino acid (BCAA), tyrosine, ammonia (NH3), cholinesterase (ChE), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), total bile acid (TBA), and the retention rate of indocyanine green 15 min after administration (ICG R15). Hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial tissue blood flow (HATBF), portal venous tissue blood flow (PVTBF), and total hepatic tissue blood flow (THTBF) were simultaneously calculated using xenon computed tomography.
RESULTS: PVTBF, HATBF and THTBF were 30.2 ± 10.4, 20.0 ± 10.7, and 50.3 ± 14.9 mL/100 mL/min, respectively. Alb, PT, BNP, BTR, BCAA, tyrosine, NH3, ChE, IRI, TBA, and ICG R15 were 3.50 ± 0.50 g/dL, 72.0% ± 11.5%, 63.2 ± 56.7 pg/mL, 4.06 ± 1.24, 437.5 ± 89.4 μmol/L, 117.7 ± 32.8 μmol/L, 59.4 ± 22.7 μg/dL, 161.0 ± 70.8 IU/L, 12.8 ± 5.0 μg/dL, 68.0 ± 51.8 μmol/L, and 28.6% ± 13.5%, respectively. PVTBF showed a significant negative correlation with ICG R15 (r = -0.468, P <0.01). No significant correlation was seen between ICG 15R, HATBF and THTBF. There was a significant correlation between PVTBF and Alb (r = 0.2499, P < 0.05), and NH3 tended to have an inverse correlation with PVTBF (r = -0.2428, P = 0.0894). There were also many significant correlations between ICG R15 and liver function parameters, including Alb, NH3, PT, BNP, TBA, BCAA, and tyrosine (r = -0.2156, P < 0.05; r = 0.4318, P < 0.01; r = 0.4140, P < 0.01; r = 0.3610, P < 0.05; r = 0.5085, P < 0.001; r = 0.4496, P < 0.01; and r = 0.4740, P < 0.05, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Our investigation showed that there is a close correlation between liver function and hepatic blood flow.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shigefuku R, Takahashi H, Kato M, Yoshida Y, Suetani K, Noguchi Y, Hatsugai M, Nakahara K, Ikeda H, Kobayashi M, Matsunaga K, Matsumoto N, Okuse C, Itoh F, Maeyama S, Sase S, Suzuki M. Evaluation of hepatic tissue blood flow using xenon computed tomography with fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: comparison with chronic hepatitis C. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1026-39. [PMID: 24424317 PMCID: PMC3907854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study evaluated the utility of xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) as a noninvasive diagnostic procedure for the measurement of hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). METHODS Xe-CT was performed in 93 patients with NAFLD and in 109 patients with CH-C. Subjects were classified into one of three groups, based on fibrosis stage: group 1, no bridging fibrosis; group 2, bridging fibrosis; and group 3, liver cirrhosis. Correlations between hepatic TBFs in each fibrosis stage were examined. RESULTS In group 1, portal venous TBF (PVTBF), hepatic arterial (HATBF), and total hepatic TBF (THTBF) were significantly lower in patients with in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than in those with CH-C (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). In group 2, PVTBF and THTBF were significantly lower in patients with in NASH than in those with CH-C (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). In group 3, hepatic TBFs were not significantly different when comparing patients with NASH and those with CH-C. CONCLUSIONS PVTBF decreased due to fat infiltration. Therefore, hemodynamic changes occur relatively earlier in NAFLD than in CH-C. Patients with NASH should be monitored carefully for portal hypertensive complications in the early fibrosis stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Shigefuku
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Keigo Suetani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yohei Noguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Moriaki Hatsugai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Nakahara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Matsunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Okuse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shiro Maeyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Sase
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Kanagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takahashi H, Suzuki M, Shigefuku R, Okano M, Hiraishi T, Takagi R, Noguchi Y, Hattori N, Hatsugai M, Nakahara K, Okamoto M, Kobayashi M, Ikeda H, Fukuda Y, Nagase Y, Ishii T, Matsunaga K, Matsumoto N, Okuse C, Sase S, Itoh F. Xenon computed tomography can evaluate the improvement of hepatic hemodynamics before and after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:1353-61. [PMID: 23397117 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) provides quantitative information on tissue blood flow (TBF). In the present study, Xe-CT was performed in patients with esophagogastric varices (EGV) before and after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) to evaluate hepatic blood flow (HBF), hepatic arterial TBF (HATBF) and portal venous TBF (PVTBF). METHODS Subjects comprised of 88 patients with EGV (49 men, 39 women, average age 65.8 ± 11.5 years, median age 68 years, 30-86 years) and liver cirrhosis related to either hepatitis C virus (C) (n = 33), hepatitis B virus (B) (n = 3), alcohol (AL) (n = 22), AL + C (n = 7), AL + B (n = 1), B + C + AL (n = 1), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 4), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (n = 5), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (n = 2), or cryptogenic (n = 10) were enrolled. All patients, who were enrolled in this study, were performed EIS for prophylaxis. Xe-CT and measurement of the retention rate of indocyanine green 15 min after administration (ICG R15) were performed before and after EIS. Total hepatic TBF (THTBF) and PVTBF/HATBF ratio (P/A) were also calculated. RESULTS PVTBF, HATBF, THTBF, P/A and ICG R15 before EIS were 28.3 ± 8.91, 22.5 ± 14.4 and 50.8 ± 17.6 ml/100 ml/min, 1.62 ± 0.71 and 28.8 ± 12.7 %, respectively and those after EIS were 31.9 ± 10.0, 19.3 ± 11.6, and 51.2 ± 17.0 ml/100 ml/min, 1.92 ± 0.84 and 23.6 ± 11.3 %, respectively. PVTBF and P/A after EIS were significantly higher than those before EIS (p = 0.00444, p = 0.0179, respectively), and HATBF and ICG R15 after EIS were significantly lower than those before EIS (p = 0.00129, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Xenon computed tomography showed that PVTBF increased after EIS for EGV and HATBF decreased in response to an increase in PVTBF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Lusic
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shigefuku R, Takahashi H, Kobayashi M, Ikeda H, Matsunaga K, Okuse C, Matsumoto N, Maeyama S, Sase S, Suzuki M, Itoh F. Pathophysiological analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by evaluation of fatty liver changes and blood flow using xenon computed tomography: can early-stage nonalcoholic steatohepatitis be distinguished from simple steatosis? J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1238-47. [PMID: 22576023 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective noninvasive tests that can distinguish early-stage nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from simple steatosis (SS) have long been sought. Our aim was to determine the possibility of noninvasively distinguishing early-stage NASH from SS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Fick's principle and the Kety-Schmidt equation to determine the hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF) in 65 NASH patients who underwent xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT). We calculated the lambda value (LV), i.e., Xe gas solubility coefficient, in liver and blood. We assessed the histological severity of fatty changes and fibrosis on the basis of Brunt's classification. Liver biopsy revealed SS in 9 patients and NASH in 56 patients. NASH stages 1 and 2 were classified as early-stage NASH (Ea-NASH; 38 patients) and stages 3 and 4 as advanced-stage NASH (Ad-NASH; 18 patients). We evaluated the differences in LV and TBF among the 3 groups. RESULTS LV was significantly lower in the Ad-NASH group than in the SS and Ea-NASH groups. Portal venous TBF (PVTBF) was significantly lower in the Ea-NASH group than in the SS group, and PVTBF was lower in the Ad-NASH group than in the Ea-NASH group. Total hepatic TBF (THTBF) was significantly different between the SS and Ea-NASH groups and between the SS and Ad-NASH groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, measurements of TBF and LV are useful for evaluating the pathophysiological progression of NASH. In addition, these measurements can facilitate the differential diagnosis of SS and Ea-NASH, which may not be distinguishable by other means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Shigefuku
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peeters P, Bockbrader H, Spaans E, Dogterom P, Lasseter K, Marbury T, Gibson GL, de Greef R. Asenapine pharmacokinetics in hepatic and renal impairment. Clin Pharmacokinet 2011; 50:471-81. [PMID: 21651314 DOI: 10.2165/11590490-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The effects of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of atypical antipsychotics are not well understood. Drug exposure may increase in patients with hepatic disease, owing to a reduction of certain metabolic enzymes. The objective of the present study was to study the effects of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of asenapine and its N-desmethyl and N⁺-glucuronide metabolites. METHODS Two clinical studies were performed to assess exposure to asenapine, desmethylasenapine and asenapine N⁺-glucuronide in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time data, using standard noncompartmental methods. The pharmacokinetic variables that were studied included the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (t(max)). Eligible subjects, from inpatient and outpatient clinics, were aged ≥18 years with a body mass index of ≥18 kg/m² and ≤32 kg/m². Sublingual asenapine (Saphris®) was administered as a single 5 mg dose. RESULTS Thirty subjects participated in the hepatic impairment study (normal hepatic function, n = 8; mild hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh class A], n = 8; moderate hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh class B], n = 8; severe hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh class C], n = 6). Thirty-three subjects were enrolled in the renal impairment study (normal renal function, n = 9; mild renal impairment, n = 8; moderate renal impairment, n = 8; severe renal impairment, n = 8). Asenapine and N-desmethylasenapine exposures were unaltered in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, compared with healthy controls. Severe hepatic impairment was associated with increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(∞)) values for total asenapine, N-desmethylasenapine and asenapine N⁺-glucuronide (5-, 3-, and 2-fold, respectively), with slight increases in the C(max) of asenapine but 3- and 2-fold decreases in the C(max) values for N-desmethylasenapine and asenapine N⁺-glucuronide, respectively, compared with healthy controls. The mean AUC(∞) of unbound asenapine was more than 7-fold higher in subjects with severe hepatic impairment than in healthy controls. Mild renal impairment was associated with slight elevations in the AUC(∞) of asenapine compared with healthy controls; alterations observed with moderate and severe renal impairment were marginal. N-desmethylasenapine exposure was only slightly altered by renal impairment. No correlations were observed between exposure and creatinine clearance. CONCLUSION Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C) was associated with pronounced increases in asenapine exposure, but significant increases were not seen with mild (Child-Pugh class A) or moderate (Child-Pugh class B) hepatic impairment, or with any degree of renal impairment. Asenapine is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment; no dose adjustment is needed in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, or in patients with renal impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Peeters
- Merck Sharp Dohme, Early Stage Development, Oss, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsuda N, Matsui O. Signal profile on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis induced in rats: correlation with transporter expression. Eur Radiol 2011; 21:2542-50. [PMID: 21830099 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the transporter expression and signal profile on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhotic liver induced in rats, and investigate the correlation of the transporter expression and fibrosis rate in both diseases. METHODS Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups of 12: TAA (cirrhosis), NASH 7- and 10-week, and control groups. Each group was divided into two subgroups: Group 1 for MRI and Group 2 for transporter examinations. RESULTS The relative enhancement of the TAA group was significantly lower than those of other groups (p < 0.01). The T(max) and T(1/2) of the NASH 10-week group was significantly prolonged in comparison with the TAA group (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the oatp1 expression, whereas the mrp2 expression of the TAA group was significantly higher than those of other groups (p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the fibrosis rate and oatp1 expression, whereas a paradoxical correlation was found between the fibrosis rate and mrp2 expression (NASH: negative correlation, r = 0.91, p < 0.01; TAA: positive correlation, r = 0.85, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the mrp2 expression in cirrhosis increases in comparison with NASH, and there was a paradoxical correlation between the fibrosis rate and mrp2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Tsuda
- Diagnostic Imaging Medical Affairs, Medical Affairs, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., 4-9, Umeda 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka 530-0001, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sase S, Nakano H, Suzuki H, Honda M. Subtraction lung image for evaluating pulmonary ventilation in xenon-enhanced CT. Med Phys 2010; 37:4464-74. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3464490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|