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Fangxu L, Wenbin L, Pan Z, Dan C, Xi W, Xue X, Jihua S, Qingfeng L, Le X, Songbai Z. Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the elderly (2023). Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:143-157. [PMID: 38725699 PMCID: PMC11077342 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the elderly is characterized by atypical symptoms, relatively severe esophageal injury, and more complications, and when GERD is treated, it is also necessary to fully consider the general health condition of the elderly patients. This consensus summarized the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment characteristics of GERD in the elderly, and provided relevant recommendations, providing guidance for medical personnel to correctly understand and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of GERD in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Fangxu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Wenbin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhang Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chen Dan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wu Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shi Jihua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luo Qingfeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu Le
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Songbai
- Department of GeriatricsHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Grant RK, Brindle WM, Taylor CL, Rycroft EJ, Oyewole O, Morgan SC, Watson EF, Anand A, McAvoy NC, Penman ID, Church NI, Trimble KC, Noble CL, Plevris JN, Masterton GSM, Kalla R. Tailoring follow-up endoscopy in patients with severe oesophagitis. Frontline Gastroenterol 2024; 15:117-123. [PMID: 38486669 PMCID: PMC10935538 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2023-102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the clinical utility of follow-up oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD2) in patients with severe oesophagitis (Los Angeles grades C or D) through evaluating the yield of Barrett's oesophagus (BO), cancer, dysplasia and strictures. Second, we aimed to determine if the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) may be used to identify patients to undergo OGD2s. Design/method Patients in NHS Lothian with an index OGD (OGD1) diagnosis of severe oesophagitis between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015 were identified. Univariate analysis identified factors associated with grade. Patients were stratified by frailty and a diagnosis of stricture, cancer, dysplasia and BO. Results In total 964 patients were diagnosed with severe oesophagitis, 61.7% grade C and 38.3% grade D. The diagnostic yield of new pathology at OGD2 was 13.2% (n=51), new strictures (2.3%), dysplasia (0.5%), cancer (0.3%) and BO (10.1%). A total of 140 patients had clinical frailty (CFS score ≥5), 88.6% of which were deceased at review (median of 76 months). In total 16.4% of frail patients underwent OGD2s and five new pathologies were diagnosed, none of which were significantly associated with grade. Among non-frail patients at OGD2, BO was the only pathology more common (p=0.010) in patients with grade D. Rates of cancer, dysplasia and strictures did not vary significantly between grades. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that OGD2s in patients with severe oesophagitis may be tailored according to clinical frailty and only be offered to non-frail patients. In non-frail patients OGD2s have similar pick-up rates of sinister pathology in both grades of severe oesophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Grant
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William M Brindle
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Victoria Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK
| | - Caitlyn L Taylor
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward J Rycroft
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oluwadara Oyewole
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah C Morgan
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Atul Anand
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norma C McAvoy
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian D Penman
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas I Church
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth C Trimble
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin L Noble
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John N Plevris
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail S M Masterton
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rahul Kalla
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Saki F, Shams M, Dastghaib S, Koohpeyma F. Pantoprazole-Induced Bone Loss through Gastrin Secretion: A Stereological Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2594664. [PMID: 37711876 PMCID: PMC10499535 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2594664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent researches have failed to uncover a clear explanation for proton pump inhibitors' bone-loss effects. In light of pantoprazole's effects on gastrin secretion, the goal of this study was to see if it caused bone loss through gastrin secretion. Methods Forty male rats were divided into control, octreotide (Oct), pantoprazole (Pan), and pantoprazole plus octreotide (Pan+Oct) groups. Serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and gastrin were measured before and three months after the treatment, and bone densitometry was examined. The rats' femoral bones were examined stereologically at the end of the investigation. Results The Pan group had considerably greater levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and gastrin, but this was prevented in the presence of Oct, a gastrin secretion inhibitor. All parameters of femoral bone densitometry in the Pan group were significantly lower than the control after treatment which was considerably inhibited in the presence of Oct. Furthermore, when compared to the control and Oct groups, the rats in the Pan group had a lower trabecular volume, femur bone weight, and volume, as well lower number of osteocytes. The amount of osteoclasts, on the other hand, was much higher in the Pan group than in the other groups. Conclusion Overall findings revealed that pantoprazole caused bone loss, which could be prevented by adding octreotide. Because these detrimental effects were not detected in rats given both Oct and Pan, it was suggested that the effect of Pan on bone was produced by a hypergastrinemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Saki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kang J, Moon JY, Kim DK, Kim JW, Jang SH, Koo HK. Cough Characteristics and Their Association Patterns According to Cough Etiology: A Network Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5383. [PMID: 37629425 PMCID: PMC10455312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cough is a common respiratory symptom, determining its cause is challenging. We aimed to explore how cough severity and characteristics vary with different etiologies, while investigating their interrelations with demographic features. Adult patients (n = 220) with chronic cough and completed diagnostic work-up and the COugh Assessment Test were enrolled. A correlation network analysis was used to examine the associations between the demographic features and cough severity/characteristics across various etiologies such as upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and idiopathic cough. Demographic features like age and sex showed complex associations with cough characteristics and severity. Cough severity decreased with age, especially in cases of eosinophilic bronchitis and GERD. Women with eosinophilic bronchitis reported more severe cough, while men with idiopathic cough reported more severe cough. Asthma was significantly linked to more sleep disturbance and fatigue, independent of age and sex, whereas GERD showed less sleep disturbance and fatigue. Network analysis revealed overall close associations between cough characteristics, though hypersensitivity in asthma and sleep disturbance in GERD were not linked with other cough traits. In conclusion, the demographic features and cough characteristics were interrelated, exhibiting distinct patterns based on the etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Republic of Korea;
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Hun Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Kyoung Koo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea;
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Liu Z, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu L, Wang J, Zhao J, Zou S, Ma X, Li J. Characteristics of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Patients of Different Genders and Ages. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00387-3. [PMID: 36567235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the differences in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) characteristics between gender and age groups based on the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Reflux Finding Score (RFS) scale and 24-hour hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (HEMII-pH) monitoring. METHODS The enrolled were patients with LPR symptoms completed the 24h-HEMII-pH monitoring and divided into two gender groups (male and female) and elderly group (>60 years), middle-aged group (41-60 years) and young group (18-40 years). The total RSI and RFS scores of individuals were counted. Various potential differences as well as incidence of each type of LPR events between gender and age groups were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 420 patients were included, with 333 (79.3%) diagnosed with LPR confirmed by 24h-HEMII-pH monitoring. Females (n=49) had a statistically higher LPR positivity (91.0% vs. 76.6%, P < 0.01) than males (n=342). Female patients with LPR had significantly higher RSI scores (14.08 ± 6.72 vs. 11.08 ± 4.82, P < 0.001) than male patients. The positive rate of LPR were 82.6%, 80.7% and 63.3% in the elderly, middle-aged and young groups. The Elderly group had significantly lower RSI scores (10.20 ± 4.06 vs. 12.80 ± 6.58, 12.24 ± 5.57, P < 0.001) but higher RFS scores (9.37 ± 3.25 vs. 8.16 ± 3.34, 8.57 ± 2.58, P < 0.05) than the other two groups. The number of acid hypopharyngeal-proximal reflux episodes (HREs) and distal esophageal acid reflux were significantly higher in elderly than in young patients. Except for non-acid gas HREs, the positive rates of other types of HREs were increasing from young to middle-aged to the elderly group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Female patients with suspected LPR symptoms had a higher positive rate of LPR and RSI score than males. The prevalence of LPR and the number of acid reflux were progressively increasing with age, but the perception of reflux symptoms may diminish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China; Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China; Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Lianlian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jiasen Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Shizhen Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jinrang Li
- Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China; Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, P.R.China.
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Jeon SY, Park JM, Lee YC, Ko SG, Eun YG. Differences in Diagnostic Rates After Hypopharyngeal-esophageal Impedance-pH Monitoring of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients by Age and Sex. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00215-6. [PMID: 36085096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the differences in diagnostic rates according to the age and sex of patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms and completed the 24-hour hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (24h-HEMII-pH) monitoring. METHODS Patients with LPR symptoms underwent the 24h-HEMII-pH monitoring. We compared the diagnostic rates of LPR in patients with LPR symptoms according to age and sex. The number of reflux episodes and type of reflux were compared among patients who were confirmed to have LPR according to age and sex. RESULTS A total of 249 patients with suspected LPR symptoms who completed 24h-HEMII-pH monitoring were analyzed. A total of 170 patients (68.3%) were diagnosed with LPR after 24h-HEMII-pH monitoring. There were 57 (67.1%) men and 113 (68.9%) women. The old age group (older than 55 years) showed a statistically significant higher diagnostic rate than the young age group (73.5%, 60.8%, p=0.034). Women's diagnostic rate was statistically higher in the old age group than that in the young age group (75% vs. 58.3%, p=0.026). There were no specific differences in the number of refluxes in the diagnosed patients between the age groups, and there were no differences in the initial reflux symptom index. CONCLUSIONS Among those who visited the clinic with suspected LPR symptoms and performed 24h-HEMII-pH monitoring, the diagnostic rate of LPR was higher in the older age group than that in the younger age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Jeon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Yu LY, Lin YC, Kuo YC, Ko HJ, Chen MJ, Wang HY, Shih SC, Liu CC, Hu KC. Aging Combined with High Waist-to-Hip Ratio Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175224. [PMID: 36079155 PMCID: PMC9456826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: To assess whether the combination of high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and elderly age is associated with higher risk of GERD. Material and Methods: A total of 16,996 subjects aged ≥20 years who received esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) between January 2010 and December 2019. We evaluated the risk of GERD in different age groups and WHR groups in unadjusted analysis and multivariate logistic regression models for predictors of GERD. Results: There was a trend towards more participants with both age ≥65 years and WHR ≥ 1 (n = 129) (n = 66, 51%) than participants with age < 65 and WHR < 0.9 (n = 10,422) (n = 2814, 27%) presenting with GERD. Participants who had both age ≥ 65 years and high WHR ≥ 1 had the highest risk of any type of GERD (adjusted OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.44−2.96, p value < 0.05) based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The combination of having a high WHR and being elderly was associated with a higher risk of GERD, and preventing central obesity in the elderly population reduced the risk of GERD and the requirement for medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo-Yip Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Healthy Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Che Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Healthy Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Ko
- Healthy Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Healthy Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Healthy Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Healthy Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-25433535 (ext. 2860); Fax: +886-2-25433642
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Wangrattanapranee P, Khrucharoen U, Jensen DM, Wongpongsalee T, Jensen ME. Severe Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Caused by Reflux Esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:159-169. [PMID: 33590404 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few reports about reflux esophagitis (RE) as a cause of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). AIMS This study aims to evaluate (1) changes in its prevalence over the last three decades and (2) clinical and endoscopic characteristics and 30-day outcomes among RE patients with and without focal esophageal ulcers (EUs) and stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH). METHODS A retrospective study of prospectively collected data of esophagitis patients hospitalized with severe UGIB between 1992 and 2020. Descriptive analysis and statistical comparisons were performed. RESULTS Of 114 RE patients, the mean age was 61.1 years and 76.3% were males. 38.6% had prior gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms; overall 36% were on acid suppressants. Over three consecutive decades, the prevalence of RE as a cause of severe UGIB increased significantly from 3.8 to 16.7%. 30-day rebleeding and all-cause mortality rates were 11.4% and 6.1%. RE patients with focal EUs and SRH (n = 23) had worse esophagitis than those with diffuse RE (n = 91) (p = 0.012). There were no differences in 30-day outcomes between RE patients with and without EUs and SRH. CONCLUSIONS For patients with severe UGIB caused by RE, (1) the prevalence has increased significantly over the past three decades, (2) the reasons for this increase and preventive strategies warrant further study, (3) most patients lacked GERD symptoms and did not take acid suppressants, and (4) those with focal ulcers and SRH had more severe esophagitis and were treated endoscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerapol Wangrattanapranee
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (CURE: DDRCC), Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA.,Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA
| | - Usah Khrucharoen
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (CURE: DDRCC), Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA.,Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis M Jensen
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (CURE: DDRCC), Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA. .,Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA. .,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thongsak Wongpongsalee
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (CURE: DDRCC), Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, 13th Floor, Syamindra Building, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Mary Ellen Jensen
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Core Center (CURE: DDRCC), Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA.,Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 115, Room 318, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003, USA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lechien JR, Carroll TL, Bobin F, Muls V, Rodriguez A, Horoi M, Dequanter D, Crevier-Buchman L, Hans S, Saussez S. Influence of Age and Sex on Clinical and Therapeutic Features of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 166:468-476. [PMID: 34154447 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of age and sex on the clinical presentation and therapeutic response of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Prospective multicenter study of 271 patients with a diagnosis of LPR confirmed by impedance-pH monitoring. METHODS Patients were prescribed 6 months of diet changes and a combination of pantoprazole and/or alginate depending on the results of their impedance-pH results. The Reflux Symptom Score (RSS) and Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA) were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Data were explored according to sex and age. RESULTS A total of 237 patients completed the evaluations (138 females). On the RSS, patients of the oldest group (>60 years) had lower symptom scores (throat pain, ear pain, odynophagia, chest pain, tongue burning, nausea, halitosis, and indigestion) and lower quality-of-life scores than younger individuals. RSS and RSA outcomes significantly improved from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment in all groups. Scores on the RSS and RSA continued to improve from 3 to 6 months posttreatment in the elderly group. Females with LPR had a higher score on the RSS at baseline as compared with males. On the RSS, scores significantly improved after 3 months in males and females; however, they continued to improve from 3 to 6 months in the female group. CONCLUSION Age and sex may influence the clinical presentation and pre- to posttreatment evolution of symptoms and findings. Age and sex differences could be considered in future therapeutic approaches to guide more effective personalized treatment plans for patients with LPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Thomas L Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francois Bobin
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Polyclinique Elsan de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Vinciane Muls
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Rodriguez
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mihaela Horoi
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lise Crevier-Buchman
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hans
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Otorhinolaryngological Societies, Paris, France.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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杨 小, 陈 梅, 陈 婷, 侯 晨, 林 志, 曾 燕, 杨 炀. [Analysis of esophageal manometry results and the inflection point of age in 41 volunteers without laryngopharyngeal symptoms]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2021; 35:164-168. [PMID: 33541001 PMCID: PMC10127889 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective:This study aimed to explore the differences in esophageal pressure at different ages, and to analyze the possible age inflection points of the physiological degeneration of esophageal motility, and to further evaluate whether the degeneration of esophageal kinetics with age is the only risk factor for the occurrence of throat reflux disease (LPRD). Methods:A solid-state high-resolution esophageal pressure measurement was performed on 41 volunteers without throat symptoms. The Chicago classification data were compared with the manometry results of all volunteers. In addition, the esophageal manometry results were compared among groups with pre-set age inflection point. Results:Most of the volunteers' esophageal pressure measurements were in line with Chicago standards. When the inflection point of age was 55 years, no significant difference was found between the two groups. However, when the inflection point of age was 65 years, a significant difference in the length of the upper esophageal sphincter and the contractile front velocity was found between the two groups(P=0.021 and 0.046 respectively). Conclusion:Esophageal dynamics was weakened with increasing age in the volunteers without laryngopharyngeal symptoms, which was more obvious after the age of 65, but still within the normal range. The degeneration of esophageal motility is not the only risk factor for LPRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- 小龙 杨
- 福建医科大学省立临床医学院(福州,350001)Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - 梅香 陈
- 莆田市第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Putian City
| | - 婷 陈
- 福建医科大学省立临床医学院(福州,350001)Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - 晨婕 侯
- 福建医科大学省立临床医学院(福州,350001)Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - 志辉 林
- 福建省立医院消化内科 福建医科大学省立临床医学院Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Province Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University
| | - 燕凌 曾
- 福建省立医院消化内科 福建医科大学省立临床医学院Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Province Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University
| | - 炀 杨
- 福建医科大学省立临床医学院(福州,350001)Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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12
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Abstract
As our population continues to age, the early diagnosis and optimal management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease becomes paramount. Maintaining a low threshold for evaluating atypical symptoms in this population is key to improving outcomes. Should patients develop complications including severe esophagitis, peptic stricture, or Barrett esophagus, then a discussion of medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatments that accounts for patient's comorbidities and survival is important. Advances in screening, surveillance, and endoscopic treatment of Barrett esophagus have allowed us to dispel concerns of futility and treat a larger subset of the at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Otaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health and Science University, L461, 3181 SouthWest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97229, USA.
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SouthWest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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13
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Sendzischew Shane MA, Moshiree B. Esophageal and Gastric Motility Disorders in the Elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 2020; 37:1-16. [PMID: 33213764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The elderly are particularly prone to developing upper gastrointestinal disturbances. Changes are due to the aging process, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and neurologic issues. Medications used to treat these underlying conditions can cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Dysphagia is common and can be oropharyngeal and/or esophageal. Gastroparesis is due to either medications such opiates, or due to neurologic sequala of diabetes, cerebrovascular accidents, or neurologic diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Given limitations in many commonly used prokinetics with a wide range of side effect profiles including neurologic and cardiac, the focus of treatment should be on symptom management with dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Sendzischew Shane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, CRB 1184, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Atrium Health-Charlotte, UNC School of Medicine, Charlotte Campus, 1025 Morehead Medical Drive, Suite 300, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
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Shaalan AAM, El-Sherbiny M, El-Abaseri TB, Shoaeir MZ, Abdel-Aziz TM, Mohamed MI, Zaitone SA, Mohammad HMF. Supplement With Calcium or Alendronate Suppresses Osteopenia Due to Long Term Rabeprazole Treatment in Female Mice: Influence on Bone TRAP and Osteopontin Levels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:583. [PMID: 32477111 PMCID: PMC7237708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) is much endorsed to patients with increased gastric acidity. PPIs were accused to have osteoporotic effects on patients who chronically use them. The point of the current investigation was to decide the impact of rabeprazole on osteoporosis and to explore the modulatory effects of dietary calcium or alendronate on this side effect. Methods 80 female mice were alienated into four groups maintained for 18 weeks: [1] Vehicle group: given distilled water in 12 ml/kg, P.O. [2] Rabeprazole control group: given rabeprazole in a dose equals 10 mg/kg every 48 h, P.O. [3] Rabeprazole + calcium: given rabeprazole (10 mg/kg every 48 h) along with calcium supplement. [4] Rabeprazole + alendronate: given rabeprazole (10 mg/kg every 48 h) and alendronate (1 mg/kg per week, i.p.). Serum calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone were measured. Both femurs were kept in paraformaldehyde, and then the right one was used for X-ray examination with analysis by Digora software and the left one for histopathological examination (H&E) and immunohistochemical stains for osteopontin and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Results Calcium supplementation or administration of alendronate along with rabeprazole significantly restored the mean bone density as shown by X-ray analysis. Femurs from mice received rabeprazole showed widely separated, thin-walled bone trabeculae and increased number of osteoclasts. Calcium or alendronate with rabeprazole showed thick bone trabeculae without full recovery from rabeprazole induced damage. Adding calcium supplementation to rabeprazole did not affect the histological abnormalities related to osteoclasts meanwhile alendronate produced inactivation of osteoclasts. Both calcium and alendronate decreased the rabeprazole-induced increment in the femur osteopontin level. Conclusion Calcium or alendronate can be recommended for female patients on PPI therapy who are at risk of osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly A M Shaalan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghrid B El-Abaseri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Shoaeir
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Al-Azhar Asyut Faculty of Medicine for Men, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Al-Azhar Asyut Faculty of Medicine for Men, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Magda I Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M F Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Central Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Schietroma M, Colozzi S, Romano L, Pessia B, Giuliani A, Vicentini V, Recchia CL, Carlei F. Short- and long-term results after laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication in elderly versus non-elderly patients. J Minim Access Surg 2020; 16:256-263. [PMID: 31031314 PMCID: PMC7440002 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_269_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery could be of benefit in a subset of elderly patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, there are few reports that have evaluated the long-term results. This study examined the effects of age on the short- and long-term (for at least 5 years) outcomes after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). Patients and Methods: Patients were divided into four groups as follows: young (18–49); adult (50–69); and elderly (70–84), and very elderly (85–91). The database (recorded prospectively) included operating duration, conversion, intra- and early post-operative complication and late outcomes. Mean follow-up was 14.5 years (range 5–24 years). Results: Five hundred and sixty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria: young n = 219 (38.4%); adult n = 248 (43.5%); elderly n = 91 (16.0%) and very elderly n = 11 (1.9%). Hiatal hernia (type I and III) was significantly less frequent in young and adult patients (P < 0.0001). The operation was significantly longer in elderly and very elderly patients (P < 0.001); the use of drains (P < 0.001) and grafts (P < 0.0001) for hiatal hernia repair was less in young and adult patients. The hospital stay, conversion (5.4%), intra-operative and early post-operative complications were not influenced by age. Dysphagia was evenly distributed among the groups. Forty-eight (8.4%) patients had recurrence: 15 in the young group (6.8%), 18 in the adult group (7.2%), 11 in the elderly group (12%) and 4 in the very elderly group (36.3%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Age does not influence short- and long-term outcomes following LNF. Control of reflux in the elderly is worse than adult patients. Therefore, ageing is a relative contraindication to LNF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Colozzi
- Department of Surgery, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Romano
- Department of Surgery, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pessia
- Department of Surgery, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Asaoka D, Takeda T, Sasaki H, Shimada Y, Matsumoto K, Ueyama H, Matsumoto K, Izumi K, Komori H, Akazawa Y, Osada T, Hojo M, Nagahara A. Evaluation of symptomatic reflux esophagitis in proton pump inhibitor users. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:277-282. [PMID: 31086661 PMCID: PMC6489533 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users. The present study conducted a hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study of consecutive RE cases in PPI users at Juntendo University Hospital recruited between 2008 and 2016. Eligible patients were PPI users with a complete patient profile, who completed the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (FSSG) questionnaire, and who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the examination of RE, hiatal hernia (HH) and endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy (EGA). The patients with RE who were administered PPIs were divided into two groups: Those with symptomatic RE (FSSG≥8) and those with non-symptomatic RE (FSSG<8). The present study investigated the risk factors for symptomatic RE among the patients with RE patients who were administered PPIs. Of the 13,052 cases who underwent patient profiling, the FSSG questionnaire and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a total of 2,444 PPI users were eligible. Of the PPI users, 206 cases (8.4%) had RE. Among the 206 patients with RE, 115 (55.8%) had symptomatic RE. The profile of the symptomatic and non-symptomatic RE groups were as follows: A total of 45 females (39.1%) vs. 32 females (35.2%; non-significant); mean ± standard deviation age, 54.8±13.5 vs. 62.9±11.1 years (P<0.01); mean body mass index, 23.5±3.3 vs. 23.2±3.8 (non-significant); severe RE, 12 (10.4%) vs. 2 (2.2%; P<0.05); HH, 70 (60.9%) vs. 40 (44.0%; P<0.05); and mean score of EGA, 1.2±1.8 vs. 1.8±2.1 (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that a younger age [odds ratio (OR)=0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.97, P<0.01] and HH(+) (OR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.30-4.34, P<0.01) were associated with symptomatic RE among patients with RE who were administered PPIs. In conclusion, a younger age and HH were associated with symptomatic RE in patients with RE who were administered PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo 136‑0075, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 410‑2211, Japan
| | - Kenshi Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ueyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Kentaro Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Komori
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279‑0021, Japan
| | - Mariko Hojo
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
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Shin YH, Gong HS, Baek GH. Lower Trabecular Bone Score is Associated With the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors. J Clin Densitom 2019; 22:236-242. [PMID: 30100220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trabecular bone score (TBS) provides indirect indices of trabecular microarchitecture and bone quality. Several studies have evaluated the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on bone mass and geometric parameters, but no studies have evaluated the influence of PPIs on TBS. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 1505 women aged 40-89 yr who had bone mineral density (BMD) examinations as a part of the medical diagnosis and disease prevention program and who did not have osteoporotic fractures or conditions that could affect bone metabolism. Among these, we identified 223 women with exposure to PPIs and selected the same number of age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control patients. We compared TBS and BMD between the PPI exposure group and the control group and performed multivariate regression analyses to determine whether TBS and BMDs are associated with age, BMI, and PPIs exposure. We also examined whether TBS and BMDs are associated with PPIs exposure timing (current, recent, and past). RESULTS TBS and BMDs were significantly lower in the PPI exposure group than in the control group. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, TBS was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001) and PPI exposure (p = 0.02). In addition, all BMDs were found to be significantly associated with age, BMI, and PPI exposure. Lower TBS was associated with current PPIs use (p = 0.005), but not with recent or past PPIs usage. However, the influence of PPI exposure timing on the BMDs was not consistent between BMD measurement sites. CONCLUSIONS This study found that TBS is lower in subjects with PPIs exposure than in controls. The association of lower TBS with current PPIs use suggests that trabecular bone quality could be affected early by PPIs, and but the effect might be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Goo Hyun Baek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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AlMutairi H, O'Dwyer M, McCarron M, McCallion P, Henman MC. The use of proton pump inhibitors among older adults with intellectual disability: A cross sectional observational study. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1012-1021. [PMID: 30416357 PMCID: PMC6218847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people with Intellectual Disability (ID) have a high prevalence of gastrointestinal conditions such as Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD). However, despite this, information about treatment, in particular the use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), in this population is sparse and limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and pattern of PPI use among older people with ID. METHOD Data on PPI use and key demographics was analysed from Wave 2 (2013/2014) of IDS-TILDA, a nationally representative longitudinal study of 677 participants aged 40 years and above in Ireland. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were carried out. RESULTS Just over a quarter, 27.9% (n = 189), of participants reported use of PPIs, and 53.4% (n = 101) were female. The largest proportion of PPI users (53.4%) were aged between 50 and 64 yrs. Most of the PPIs were used in maximum doses (66.7%). However only 43.9% of PPI users had an indication for PPI use (GORD, stomach ulcer or/and an NSAID use), and further 13.2% were also taking an antiplatelet agent. Use among those in residential care homes (54.3%) was much higher than for those living independently or with family (7%). PPI use among those who have severe/profound ID was 25% higher than those with mild ID. Information about the length of PPI use was missing for 31.2%, but of those with data, just over half recorded using the PPIs for more than a year. Apart from an indication, the factors associated with PPI use were older ages (≥50 years), severe/profound level of ID. CONCLUSION PPI use among older people with intellectual disability is prevalent and frequently long term, often without a clear indication. PPI use especially among those with severe/profound ID and those who live in residential care homes, could predispose these individuals to additional comorbidities and in order to avoid inappropriate long term of use regular review is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiah AlMutairi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Máire O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary McCarron
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Martin C. Henman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yamasaki T, Hemond C, Eisa M, Ganocy S, Fass R. The Changing Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Are Patients Getting Younger? J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:559-569. [PMID: 30347935 PMCID: PMC6175565 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease globally with increasing prevalence and consequently greater burden on the Healthcare system. Traditionally, GERD has been considered a disease of middle-aged and older people. Since risk factors for GERD affect a growing number of the adult population, concerns have been raised that increasingly younger people may develop GERD. We aim to determine if the proportion of younger patients has increased among the GERD population. Methods The incidence of GERD as well as several variables were evaluated during an 11-year period. Explorys was used to evaluate datasets at a “Universal” and Healthcare system in northern Ohio to determine if trends at a local level reflected those at a universal level. GERD patients were classified into 7 age groups (15–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years). Results The proportion of patients with GERD increased in all age groups, except for those who were ≥70 years in the universal dataset (P < 0.001) and those who were ≥60 years in the Healthcare system (P < 0.001). The greatest rise was seen in 30–39 years in both datasets (P < 0.001). Similarly, the proportion of GERD patients who were using proton pump inhibitors increased in all age groups except for those who were ≥70 years in both datasets (P < 0.001), with the greatest increase being the group 30–39 years (P < 0.001). Conclusion Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of younger patients with GERD, especially those within the age range of 30–39 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yamasaki
- The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Colin Hemond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Eisa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Ganocy
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronnie Fass
- The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Cock C, Besanko LK, Burgstad CM, Thompson A, Kritas S, Heddle R, Fraser RJL, Omari TI. Age-related impairment of esophagogastric junction relaxation and bolus flow time. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2785-2794. [PMID: 28487616 PMCID: PMC5403758 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i15.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the functional effects of abnormal esophagogastric (EGJ) measurements in asymptomatic healthy volunteers over eighty years of age.
METHODS Data from 30 young controls (11 M, mean age 37 ± 11 years) and 15 aged subjects (9 M, 85 ± 4 years) were compared for novel metrics of EGJ-function: EGJ-contractile integral (EGJ-CI), “total” EGJ-CI and bolus flow time (BFT). Data were acquired using a 3.2 mm, 25 pressure (1 cm spacing) and 12 impedance segment (2 cm) solid-state catheter (Unisensor and MMS Solar GI system) across the EGJ. Five swallows each of 5 mL liquid (L) and viscous (V) bolus were analyzed. Mean values were compared using Student’s t test for normally distributed data or Mann Whitney U-test when non-normally distributed. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS EGJ-CI at rest was similar for older subjects compared to controls. “Total” EGJ-CI, measured during liquid swallowing, was increased in older individuals when compared to young controls (O 39 ± 7 mmHg.cm vs C 18 ± 3 mmHg.cm; P = 0.006). For both liquid and viscous bolus consistencies, IRP4 was increased (L: 11.9 ± 2.3 mmHg vs 5.9 ± 1.0 mmHg, P = 0.019 and V: 14.3 ± 2.4 mmHg vs 7.3 ± 0.8 mmHg; P = 0.02) and BFT was reduced (L: 1.7 ± 0.3 s vs 3.8 ± 0.2 s and V: 1.9 ± 0.3 s vs 3.8 ± 0.2 s; P < 0.001 for both) in older subjects, when compared to young. A matrix of bolus flow and presence above the EGJ indicated reductions in bolus flow at the EGJ occurred due to both impaired bolus transport through the esophageal body (i.e., the bolus never reached the EGJ) and increased flow resistance at the EGJ (i.e., the bolus retained just above the EGJ).
CONCLUSION Bolus flow through the EGJ is reduced in asymptomatic older individuals. Both ineffective esophageal bolus transport and increased EGJ resistance contribute to impaired bolus flow.
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Dore MP, Pes GM, Bassotti G, Farina MA, Marras G, Graham DY. Risk factors for erosive and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus in Nothern Sardinia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:1281-7. [PMID: 27381266 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma have been increasing. We studied the relationship of conventional risk factors and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with erosive and non-erosive GERD and Barrett's esophagus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of dyspeptic patients undergoing upper endoscopy between 2002 and 2013. Following endoscopy, those with previously undiagnosed GERD were sub-grouped into non-erosive GERD (NERD), erosive GERD (eGERD), or Barrett's esophagus. H. pylori status was confirmed by 2 positive tests. RESULTS About 5156 patients were included, GERD was present in 65.6% including 1992 with NERD and 1392 with eGERD. About 1772 dyspeptic patients without symptoms of reflux and/or esophagitis served as controls. A hiatal hernia increased the risk of both eGERD and NERD. eGERD was more prevalent among the obese (OR =1.72, p < 0.001), men (OR =1.38, p < 0.001) and current smokers. Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly more common among those with NERD (OR =1.17 versus 1.01, p = 0.046). Logistic regression analysis for eGERD and NERD using age, gender, body mass index, H. pylori infection, hiatal hernia, and smoking showed that overweight and hiatal hernia were significant risk factors for eGERD, and female gender for NERD. Male gender, eGERD and age >50 years were the major risk factors for Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of eGERD and NERD suggests differences in pathogenesis, and prevention and treatment strategies should be separately examined in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Dore
- a Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy ;,b Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- a Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- c Dipartimento Di Medicina , University of Perugia Medical School , Perugia , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Marras
- a Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
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Schepisi R, Fusco S, Sganga F, Falcone B, Vetrano DL, Abbatecola A, Corica F, Maggio M, Ruggiero C, Fabbietti P, Corsonello A, Onder G, Lattanzio F. Inappropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Elderly Patients Discharged from Acute Care Hospitals. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:665-70. [PMID: 27273358 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) are extensively prescribed in older patients. However, little information is available on factors associated to PPI prescribing patterns among older patients discharged from hospital. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the appropriateness and clinical correlates of PPI prescription at discharge in a population of 1081 older patients discharged from acute care Italian hospitals. DESIGN We used data from the CRiteria to Assess Appropriate Medication Use among Elderly Complex Patients (CRIME) study, a multicenter observational study. The appropriateness of PPI prescriptions was defined according to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) rules. Correlates of overprescribing (i.e prescribing without recognized AIFA indications) and underprescribing (i.e. not prescribing despite the presence of recognized AIFA indications) were investigated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overprescribing was observed in 30% of patients receiving PPIs at discharge. Underprescribing was observed in 11% of patients not receiving PPIs at discharge. Overprescribing of PPIs at discharge was negatively associated with age (OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.85-0.91), depression (OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.35-0.96), use of aspirin (OR=0.03, 95%CI=0.02-0.06) and systemic corticosteroids (OR=0.02, 95%CI=0.01-0.04). The negative association with number of medications (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.88-1.03) and overall comorbidities (OR=0.92, 95%CI=0.83-1.02) was nearly significant. Conversely, older age (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.04-1.14), use of aspirin (OR=24.0, 95%CI=11.5-49.8) and systemic corticosteroids (OR=19.3, 95%CI=11.5-49.8) and overall comorbidities (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.04-1.42) were independent correlates of underprescribing. CONCLUSION Overprescribing of PPIs is more frequent in younger patients with lower burden of depression, whilst underprescribing is characterized by older age and greater burden of comorbidity and polypharmacy. Hospitalization should be considered as a clue to identify inappropriate use of PPIs and improve appropriateness of prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schepisi
- Sergio Fusco, MD, Unit of Geriatric Pharmacopidemiology, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Cosenza, Italy, C. da Muoio Piccolo, 87100 Cosenza, Italy, Phone +39 0984682050, Fax +39 0984682343, E-mail:
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24
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Piqué N, Ponce M, Garrigues V, Rodrigo L, Calvo F, de Argila CM, Borda F, Naranjo A, Alcedo J, José Soria M, Rey E, Bujanda L, Gisbert JP, Suarez D, Calvet X, Ponce J. Prevalence of severe esophagitis in Spain. Results of the PRESS study (Prevalence and Risk factors for Esophagitis in Spain: A cross-sectional study). United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 4:229-35. [PMID: 27087951 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615595916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND *N.P. and M.P. contributed equally to this study.The current prevalence of esophagitis in southern Europe is unknown. In addition, the risk factors for reflux esophagitis are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for esophagitis in Spain. METHODS A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study (PRESS study) was conducted among 31 gastrointestinal endoscopy units throughout Spain. A total of 1361 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. Sociodemographic, clinical and treatment data were recorded. RESULTS A total of 95% of patients were Caucasian and 52% were male (mean age: 53 ± 17 years). The most frequent symptoms prompting endoscopy were heartburn (40%), regurgitation (26%) and dysphagia (15%). Fifty-four percent of patients undergoing endoscopy were receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Esophagitis (mainly mild-moderate) was present in 154 (12.4%) patients. The severe form was recorded in only 11 (0.8%) patients. Multivariate analysis results indicated that the likelihood of esophagitis was higher in men (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.31-2.78), in patients with high GERD-Q scores (OR = 1.256, 95% CI = 1.176-1.343), weight increase (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003-1.025) and high alcohol consumption (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.16-5.36). CONCLUSION Severe esophagitis is a rare finding in the Spanish population. Male gender, high GERD-Q score, weight increase and high alcohol consumption are main risk factors for its appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Piqué
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ponce
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Garrigues
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Digestive Tract Department, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Félix Calvo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Borda
- Service of Digestive Tract, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Naranjo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Alcedo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
| | - María José Soria
- Department of Digestive Tract, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Rey
- Department of Digestive Tract, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Instituto Biodonostia (Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Suarez
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Avaluació-Fundació Parc Taulí, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Xavier Calvet
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Corporació Sanitaria Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ponce
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Sun XM, Tan JC, Zhu Y, Lin L. Association between diabetes mellitus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3085-3092. [PMID: 25780309 PMCID: PMC4356931 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether there is a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases, from their respective inceptions until December 31, 2013, for articles evaluating the relationship between DM and GERD. Studies were selected for analysis based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each study on the basis of predefined items. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the odds ratio (OR) in DM between individuals with and without GERD using a fixed effect or random effect model, depending on the absence or presence of significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were used to identify sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by Begg’s test. To evaluate the results, we also performed a sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS: When the electronic database and hand searches were combined, a total of nine eligible articles involving 9067 cases and 81 968 controls were included in our meta-analysis. Based on the random-effects model, these studies identified a significant association between DM and the risk of GERD (overall OR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.36-1.91; P = 0.003). Subgroup analyses indicated that this result persisted in studies on populations from Eastern countries (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.38-2.12; P = 0.003) and in younger patients (mean age < 50 years) (OR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.22-2.37; P = 0.001). No significant publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis using Begg’s test (P = 0.175). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed the stability of our results.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that patients with DM are at greater risk of GERD than those who do not have DM.
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26
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Schneider JL, Zhao WK, Corley DA. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of Barrett's esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:436-43. [PMID: 25213077 PMCID: PMC4304909 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma; however, it is unknown where these agents may act in the proposed pathway from normal mucosa to Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between aspirin and NSAID use and Barrett's esophagus in a case-control study within a large community-based population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of aspirin/NSAID use and Barrett's esophagus within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population. Cases had a new diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus between October 2002 and September 2005; controls were members without a diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. RESULTS Persons with Barrett's esophagus were less likely to use aspirin than population controls [odds ratio (OR) 0.59, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.87]; a stronger association was found among cases and controls with reflux symptoms (OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.32-0.75; p value interaction = 0.004). Similar associations were found with the use of either aspirin and/or non-aspirin NSAIDs (OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.35-0.81), although NSAID use alone was not significantly associated with Barrett's esophagus (OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.47-1.16). The strength of the association was highest among persons with at least moderate-to-high total medication intake. CONCLUSIONS Regular use of aspirin or NSAIDs was associated with a decreased risk of Barrett's esophagus, particularly among persons with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. These findings have implications for chemoprevention, as some of the previously described protective association between aspirin/NSAIDs and esophageal adenocarcinoma may be explained by events that occur prior to the development of Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Schneider
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, Fax: 510-891-3802 Phone: 510-891-5910
| | - Wei K. Zhao
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland, CA
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27
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Ho MP, Tsai KC, Cheung WK, Chou AH. Hiatal hernia with gastric volvulus and small bowel strangulation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:994-5. [PMID: 24828938 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Po Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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28
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Song HJ, Kim SM, Lee YM, Hwang JA, Moon KM, Moon CG, Koo HS, Song KH, Kim YS, Lee TH, Huh KC, Choi YW, Kang YW, Hwang WM, Yun SR. Is there a difference in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients? THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 62:206-12. [PMID: 24162707 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2013.62.4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common upper gastrointestinal disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little is known about the prevalence of GERD in dialysis patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference in the prevalence of GERD in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. METHODS From July 2010 to August 2011, peritoneal dialysis patients (n=30) and hemodialysis patients (n=38) were enrolled. The prevalences of GERD were assessed at a single center with endoscopic findings and interviews using a questionnaire. Also, risk factors of GERD were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalences of GERD in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients were 33.3% and 39.5% (p=0.748), respectively. The prevalences of erosive reflux esophagitis (ERD) in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients were 16.7% and 23.7% (p=0.477), respectively. The prevalences of nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients were 16.7% and 13.2% (p=0.685), respectively. The prevalences of GERD, ERD and NERD were higher than those of the general population. The risk factor for GERD was age in hemodialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of GERD in dialysis patients was higher than that in the general population. However, there was no significant difference between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Corsonello A, Maggio M, Fusco S, Adamo B, Amantea D, Pedone C, Garasto S, Ceda GP, Corica F, Lattanzio F, Antonelli Incalzi R. Proton pump inhibitors and functional decline in older adults discharged from acute care hospitals. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:1110-5. [PMID: 24801793 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and incident dependency in older adults discharged from acute care hospitals. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Eleven geriatric and internal medicine acute care wards located throughout Italy. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (mean age 79.2 ± 5.5) who were not completely dependent at the time of discharge from participating wards (N = 401). MEASUREMENTS The outcome of interest was the loss of at least one basic activity of daily living (ADL) from discharge to the end of follow-up (12 months). The relationship between PPI use and functional decline was investigated using logistic regression analysis before and after propensity score matching. RESULTS Use of PPIs was significantly associated with functional decline before (odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-2.60) and after propensity score matching (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.36-4.41). Other predictors of functional decline were hypoalbuminemia (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.36-7.10 before matching, OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.09-7.77 after matching) and cognitive impairment (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.63-10.2 before matching, OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 1.70-24.0 after matching). CONCLUSION Use of PPIs is associated with functional decline during 12 months of follow-up in older adults discharged from acute care hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology, Research Hospital of Cosenza, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Cosenza, Italy
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Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disorder in all patients but a particular problem in the elderly, for whom the disease often presents with advanced mucosal damage and other complications. Symptoms are also not as reliable an indication of disease severity in older patients. Likewise, therapy is more difficult because of potential side effects and drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami R Achem
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth R DeVault
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Islami F, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Semnani S, Kamangar F, Etemadi A, Merat S, Khoshnia M, Dawsey SM, Pharoah PD, Brennan P, Abnet CC, Boffetta P, Malekzadeh R. Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89256. [PMID: 24586635 PMCID: PMC3931722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of discomfort and morbidity worldwide. However, information on determinants of GERD from large-scale studies in low- to medium-income countries is limited. We investigated the factors associated with different measures of GERD symptoms, including frequency, patient-perceived severity, and onset time. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a population-based cohort study of ∼ 50,000 individuals in in Golestan Province, Iran. GERD symptoms in this study included regurgitation and/or heartburn. RESULTS Approximately 20% of participants reported at least weekly symptoms. Daily symptoms were less commonly reported by men, those of Turkmen ethnicity, and nass chewers. On the other hand, age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, opium use, lower socioeconomic status, and lower physical activity were associated with daily symptoms. Most of these factors showed similar associations with severe symptoms. Women with higher BMI and waist to hip ratio were more likely to report frequent and severe GERD symptoms. Hookah smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.75) and opium use (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.55-1.87) were associated with severe symptoms, whereas nass chewing had an inverse association (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). After exclusion of cigarette smokers, hookah smoking was still positively associated and nass chewing was inversely associated with GERD symptoms (all frequencies combined). CONCLUSION GERD is common in this population. The associations of hookah and opium use and inverse association of nass use with GERD symptoms are reported for the first time. Further studies are required to investigate the nature of these associations. Other determinants of GERD were mostly comparable to those reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Islami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shahin Merat
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Pharoah
- Departments of Oncology and Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Soumekh A, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Katz PO. Reflux and Acid Peptic Diseases in the Elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 2014; 30:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP, De Vita F, Bondi G, Corsonello A, Cattabiani C, Lattanzio F, Ruggiero C, Nouvenne A, Meschi T, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L. Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with lower trabecular bone density in older individuals. Bone 2013; 57:437-42. [PMID: 24076021 PMCID: PMC6125777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are highly effective in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal acid-related conditions and are fast becoming one of the most frequently prescribed treatments in adult or older persons. Recent data show that long-term use of PPIs in older subjects is associated with important undesirable effects, including a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. The mechanisms of this association are unclear and the relationship between the use of PPIs and parameters of bone mass and geometry has never been fully explored. This study investigates the relationship between the chronic use of PPIs and the parameters of bone mass (cortical and trabecular bone mineral density - vBMDc and vBMDt) and bone geometry (cortical and trabecular cross sectional area - tCSA and cCSA) in older individuals. The study population consisted of 1038 subjects (452 men and 586 women) 65years or older, selected from the InCHIANTI study, with complete information on computerized tomography performed at tibial level (pQCT) and on medications. Participants were classified as PPI users and nonusers based on self-report of PPI use over the last 15days, with PPI users (36 subjects, 14 men and 22 women) making up 3.4% of the study population (mean age 75.7±7.4years). The relationship between use of PPIs and pQCT bone parameters was tested by multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and several clinical factors and/or statistically confounding variables identified by partial correlation coefficient and Spearman partial rank order correlation coefficients, as appropriate (age, sex, BMI, caloric intake, IGF-1, IL-6, calcium, estradiol, bioavailable testosterone, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, cross-sectional muscle area, and level of physical activity). PPI users showed age- and sex-adjusted lower vBMDt than nonusers (180.5±54.8 vs. 207.9±59.4, p=0.001). The inverse association between PPI use and vBMDt remained almost unchanged after adjustment for multiple confounders. There was no statistically significant difference in vBMDc, tCSA and cCSA between PPI users and nonusers. In community dwelling older persons, the use of PPIs is inversely associated with vBMDt, an early marker of the osteoporotic process. These findings suggest that PPI use might increase the risk of fractures in older subjects through its detrimental effects on trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy.
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Van Meer S, Bogte A, Siersema PD. Long-term follow up in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with specific emphasis on reflux symptoms, use of anti-reflux medication and anti-reflux surgery outcome: a retrospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:1242-8. [PMID: 24041112 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.834378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various treatment modalities are currently being used in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); however, long-term outcome is not clear. The aim is to evaluate long-term results of GERD treatments with regard to reflux symptoms, use of anti-reflux medication and anti-reflux surgery outcome. METHODS Patients who had undergone 24-h pH monitoring for reflux symptoms between January 2002 and March 2012 were invited to fill out the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) and a general questionnaire. Patients with and without anti-reflux surgery were compared using multiple linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS In total, 1027 of 2190 included patients (47%) returned the questionnaires. After exclusion due to predefined criteria, 477 patients were analyzed. Median total RDQ score was 18 points (10.2% symptom-free) in the conservative group (n = 304) and 10 points (31.2% symptom-free) in the surgical group (n = 173) after a mean follow up of 5.1 years. Daily proton pomp inhibitor (PPI) use was higher in the conservative group than in the surgical group (80.9% vs. 51.4%, p = 0.000). Linear regression analysis showed an association between RDQ scores and anti-reflux surgery (β = -5.477, p = 0.001) and male gender (β = -4.306, p = 0.006). Logistic regression analyses showed that daily PPI use was lower in patients who underwent anti-reflux surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24, p = 0.000), while it increased with age (OR = 1.03, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS There is still a high prevalence of typical reflux symptoms and daily PPI use in GERD patients after >5 years of follow up. Male patients and patients who had undergone anti-reflux surgery were more often asymptomatic. Daily PPI use was lower after anti-reflux surgery, while it increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Van Meer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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Nusrat S, Bielefeldt K. Fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease: regional variability and factors predicting operative approach. Dis Esophagus 2013; 27:719-25. [PMID: 24118395 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the majority of patients undergoing fundoplication in the United States are women. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that nonbiological factors contribute to the decisions on surgical reflux therapy. Using State Inpatient Databases of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, we extracted annual fundoplication rates, sex distribution, age cohorts, racial background, and insurance coverage. To account for potential differences in state populations, the results were normalized and correlated with Census data, adult obesity rates, median income, poverty rates, and physician workforce within the state. Fundoplication rates varied fivefold between states, ranging from 4.1±0.1 per 100,000 in New Jersey to 21.8±0.4 per 100,000 in Oregon. Higher poverty rates and a higher fraction of Caucasians within a state independently predicted higher fundoplication rates. While the majority of operations were performed laparoscopically, surgical approaches also differed between states with rates of laparoscopic ranging from 52.3±1.8% in Oklahoma to 87.4±1.7% in Hawaii. A lower number of pediatric and Medicaid-insured patient and a higher fraction of privately insured patients best predicted higher rates of laparoscopic surgery. Our study shows significant regional variation in surgical reflux management, which cannot be explained by differences in disease mechanisms. Insurance coverage and racial background influenced the likelihood of surgery, suggesting a role of financial incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Nusrat
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Minatsuki C, Yamamichi N, Shimamoto T, Kakimoto H, Takahashi Y, Fujishiro M, Sakaguchi Y, Nakayama C, Konno-Shimizu M, Matsuda R, Mochizuki S, Asada-Hirayama I, Tsuji Y, Kodashima S, Ono S, Niimi K, Mitsushima T, Koike K. Background factors of reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease: a cross-sectional study of 10,837 subjects in Japan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69891. [PMID: 23922844 PMCID: PMC3724738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), its risk factors are still a subject of controversy. This is probably due to inadequate distinction between reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and is also due to inadequate evaluation of adjacent stomach. Our aim is therefore to define background factors of RE and NERD independently, based on the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy. Methods We analyzed 10,837 healthy Japanese subjects (6,332 men and 4,505 women, aged 20–87 years) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. RE was diagnosed as the presence of mucosal break, and NERD was diagnosed as the presence of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation in RE-free subjects. Using GERD-free subjects as control, background factors for RE and NERD were separately analyzed using logistic regression to evaluate standardized coefficients (SC), odds ratio (OR), and p-value. Results Of the 10,837 study subjects, we diagnosed 733 (6.8%) as RE and 1,722 (15.9%) as NERD. For RE, male gender (SC = 0.557, OR = 1.75), HP non-infection (SC = 0.552, OR = 1.74), higher pepsinogen I/II ratio (SC = 0.496, OR = 1.64), higher BMI (SC = 0.464, OR = 1.60), alcohol drinking (SC = 0.161, OR = 1.17), older age (SC = 0.148, OR = 1.16), and smoking (SC = 0.129, OR = 1.14) are positively correlated factors. For NERD, HP infection (SC = 0.106, OR = 1.11), female gender (SC = 0.099, OR = 1.10), younger age (SC = 0.099, OR = 1.10), higher pepsinogen I/II ratio (SC = 0.099, OR = 1.10), smoking (SC = 0.080, OR = 1.08), higher BMI (SC = 0.078, OR = 1.08), and alcohol drinking (SC = 0.076, OR = 1.08) are positively correlated factors. Prevalence of RE in subjects with chronic HP infection and successful HP eradication denotes significant difference (2.3% and 8.8%; p<0.0001), whereas that of NERD shows no difference (18.2% and 20.8%; p = 0.064). Conclusions Significantly associated factors of NERD are considerably different from those of RE, indicating that these two disorders are pathophysiologically distinct. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori may have disadvantageous effects on RE but not on NERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Minatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Pei YX, Shang ZM, Hao JY. Relationship between age and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:904-907. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i10.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients of different age groups.
METHODS: A total of 220 patients (aged 18-81 years) were enrolled and divided into three groups based on their age (< 40, 40-59, and ≥ 60). Standard esophageal manometry and 24 h pH monitoring were performed in all subjects, and most patients underwent gastroenterology. The results were compared among different groups of patients.
RESULTS: The incidence of esophagitis (grade LA-B to LA-D) increased with age, showing a significant difference between the young group and the elderly group (7.1% vs 36.5%, P = 0.005). The DeMeester score was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the other groups (41.99 ± 26.52 vs 31.08 ± 26.86; 29.69 ± 17.63, P = 0.038, 0.000). The percent supine time pH < 4 and acid clearance time in upright position differed significantly between the elderly group and the adult group (P = 0.004, 0.005). The mean wave amplitude decreased gradually and the percentage of non-peristaltic contractions increased gradually with the increase in age, but the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). The difference in the resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure was statistically significant between the elderly group and the young group (12.79 ± 6.20 vs 16.88 ± 8.86, P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: With the increase in age, esophageal motility dysfunction becomes more serious, acid exposure time becomes longer, and the incidence of esophagitis (grade LA-B to LA-D) becomes higher.
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Maggio M, Corsonello A, Ceda GP, Cattabiani C, Lauretani F, Buttò V, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Abbatecola AM, Spazzafumo L, Lattanzio F. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of 1-year mortality and rehospitalization in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals. JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173:518-23. [PMID: 23460307 PMCID: PMC6121698 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has rapidly increased during the past several years. However, concern remains about risks associated with their long-term use in older populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the use of PPIs and the risk of death or the combined end point of death or rehospitalization in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals. DESIGN We investigated the relationship between PPI use and study outcomes using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression in patients 65 years or older discharged from acute care medical wards from April 1 to June 30, 2007. SETTING Eleven acute care medical wards. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred ninety-one patients (mean [SD] age, 80.0 [5.9] years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality and the combined end point of death or rehospitalization. RESULTS The use of PPIs was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.03-2.77]) but not with the combined end point (1.49 [0.98-2.17]). An increased risk of mortality was observed among patients exposed to high-dose PPIs vs none (hazard ratio, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.22-7.16]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In older patients discharged from acute care hospitals, the use of high-dose PPIs is associated with increased 1-year mortality. Randomized controlled studies including older frail patients are needed. In the meantime, physicians need to use caution and balance benefits and harms in long-term prescription of high-dose PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Chassany O, Shaheen NJ, Karlsson M, Hughes N, Rydén A. Systematic review: symptom assessment using patient-reported outcomes in gastroesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1412-21. [PMID: 23003321 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.712999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of symptom assessment using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is becoming increasingly recognized in the management of upper gastrointestinal (GI) disease. The authors aimed to review systematically the methodological aspects of PRO instrument development and use in the GERD or dyspepsia literature, and to assess these instruments' properties in light of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Systematic PubMed and Embase searches (using terms based on the FDA guidance) identified studies that reported methodological aspects in developing or using PRO instruments for GERD or dyspepsia symptom measurement. RESULTS Ten studies were identified (six systematically and four from citation lists). Studies reported the development or use of a relevant PRO instrument, with a focus on methodological aspects that the FDA guidance describes as important for patient understanding. Studies demonstrated heterogeneity of recall periods, symptoms and response options. Two studies demonstrated that a lack of consistent vocabulary may contribute to discrepancy in symptom reporting between investigators and patients. Two studies indicated that symptoms must be described in a manner that is relevant to patients. One study described the development of a PRO instrument separately in two languages, acknowledging linguistic and cultural differences between populations. One study demonstrated changes in symptom severity based on the recall period. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in the methodology used to develop PRO instruments for upper GI disease. Adherence to best practices in PRO development and validation may improve the quality and utility of these measures, leading to improved communication in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Chassany
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Clinical Research & Development Department, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.
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Nagahara A, Hojo M, Asaoka D, Sasaki H, Oguro M, Mori H, Matsumoto K, Osada T, Yoshizawa T, Watanabe S. Clinical feature of asymptomatic reflux esophagitis in patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 Suppl 3:53-7. [PMID: 22486872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) varies in regions, but few reports on clinical features and quality of life (QOL) of asymptomatic GERD exist in Japan. METHODS Endoscopy was performed in our department between April 2008 and September 2010. Among 6409 cases answering Frequency of Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) and SF8 QOL (PCS: physical component summary; MCS: mental component summary), proton pump inhibitor or histamine 2 receptor antagonist users were excluded, and 388 cases diagnosed as reflux esophagitis (RE) (Los Angeles Classification grade A, B, C, D) were analyzed. Asymptomatic cases with FSSG total score = 0 were defined as asymptomatic RE (AsymRE) and FSSG total score ≥ 1 as symptomatic RE (SymRE). Each clinical feature was analyzed. RESULTS The frequency of AsymRE was 11.6% of RE (AsymRE, n = 45; SymRE, n = 343). Patient characteristics in AsymRE, SymRE were male/female = 35/10; 239/104 (not significant), mean age (year) = 63.5 ± 14.3; 58.3 ± 12.7 (P < 0.01), body mass index = 23.9 ± 4.3; 23.5 ± 3.7 (ns), respectively. Regarding the grade of RE, grade A 80.0%, B 17.8%, C 2.2% and D 0% in AsymRE, and grade A 72.6%, B 24.8%, C 2.0% and D 0.6% in SymRE (ns). PCS in SF8 was AsymRE; SymRE = 51.8 ± 9.8; 49.0 ± 7.7 (P < 0.01) and MCS in SF8 was AsymRE; SymRE = 51.4 ± 9.4; 48.2 ± 7.6 (P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of asymptomatic RE was high, particularly in elderly subjects. Unlike symptomatic RE, QOL was not impaired at all with asymptomatic RE. No differences were seen between groups in clinical features such as endoscopic severity of RE, indicating that asymptomatic RE is a condition that should not be overlooked clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Comparisons of symptoms reported by elderly and non-elderly patients with GERD. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:144-9. [PMID: 21983929 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of symptoms reported by elderly patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have not been fully investigated. We performed this study to clarify these characteristics in elderly patients with GERD. METHODS The study subjects were 340 Japanese patients with symptoms of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation. All patients were investigated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and were asked about the presence of atypical GERD symptoms, such as an epigastric burning sensation, epigastralgia, epigastric discomfort, and abdominal fullness, as well as the time of day when bothersome symptoms occurred. RESULTS Of the 340 patients, 161 were elderly (≥65 years old) and 179 were non-elderly (age <65 years). There were 158 patients without esophageal mucosal breaks, 147 with low-grade reflux esophagitis (RE; Los Angeles classification grade A or B), and 35 with high-grade reflux esophagitis (LA grade C or D). Elderly patients with RE reported typical reflux symptoms at the same frequency as the non-elderly patients, whereas elderly patients without mucosal breaks reported typical symptoms more frequently than the non-elderly patients without mucosal breaks. Both elderly and non-elderly patients with different types of GERD reported that their symptoms occurred most frequently during the postprandial period. CONCLUSION Elderly patients with GERD tend to show typical GERD symptoms frequently at the typical post-prandial time points in a day, irrespective of the presence of esophageal mucosal breaks.
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Gerson LB, McLaughlin T, Balu S, Jackson J, Lunacsek O. Variation of health-care resource utilization according to GERD-associated complications. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25:694-701. [PMID: 22292744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Complications associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can include esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and extraesophageal symptoms. The impact of GERD-associated complications on health-care utilization deserves further evaluation. We identified commercial enrollees 18-75 years old with claims for GERD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Codes: 530.81 or 530.11) and subsequent usage of proton pump inhibitors from 01/01/05 to 06/30/09. The initial GERD diagnosis date was designated as the index date, and patients were studied for 6 months preindex and postindex. Eligible patients were subsequently stratified based on medical claims for GERD-associated complications as follows: stage A (GERD diagnosis, no other symptoms), stage B (GERD + extraesophageal symptoms), stage C (GERD + Barrett's esophagus), stage D (GERD + esophageal stricture), and stage E (GERD + iron-deficiency anemia or acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage). Patient characteristics, health-care utilization, and costs were compared between stage A and each stage with complicated GERD (B-D). Of the 174,597 patients who were eligible for analysis, 74% were classified as stage A, 20% stage B, 1% stage C, 2% stage D, and 3% stage E. Relative to stage A, patients in stages C, D, and E were significantly more likely to visit a gastroenterologist (13% vs. 68%, 71%, and 38%, respectively) and had higher rates of esophageal ulcers (0.3% vs. 8%, 5%, and 3%, respectively) and Nissen fundoplication (0.05% vs. 0.6%, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively). Six-month GERD-related costs ranged from $615/patient (stage A) to $1714/patient (stage D); all-cause costs ranged from $4195/patient (stage A) to $11,340/patient (stage E). Compared with stage A, all other cohorts had significantly higher all-cause and GERD-related costs (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). While patients with more severe GERD represented a relatively small portion of the GERD cohort, they demonstrated significantly greater health-care costs and overall utilization than patients with uncomplicated GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94063, USA.
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Nason KS, Wichienkuer PP, Awais O, Schuchert MJ, Luketich JD, O'Rourke RW, Hunter JG, Morris CD, Jobe BA. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptom severity, proton pump inhibitor use, and esophageal carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 146:851-8. [PMID: 21768433 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.2011.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Screening for esophageal adenocarcinoma has focused on identifying Barrett esophagus (BE) in patients with severe, long-standing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Unfortunately, 95% of patients who develop esophageal adenocarcinoma are unaware of the presence of BE before their cancer diagnosis, which means they never had been selected for screening. One possible explanation is that no correlation exists between the severity of GERD symptoms and cancer risk. We hypothesize that severe GERD symptoms are not associated with an increase in the prevalence of BE, dysplasia, or cancer in patients undergoing primary endoscopic screening. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS A total of 769 patients with GERD. INTERVENTIONS Primary screening endoscopy performed from November 1, 2004, through June 7, 2007. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Symptom severity, proton pump inhibitor therapy, and esophageal adenocarcinogenesis (ie, BE, dysplasia, or cancer). RESULTS Endoscopy revealed adenocarcinogenesis in 122 patients. An increasing number of severe GERD symptoms correlated positively with endoscopic findings of esophagitis (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09). Conversely, an increasing number of severe GERD symptoms were associated with decreased odds of adenocarcinogenesis (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.98). Patients taking proton pump inhibitors were 61.3% and 81.5% more likely to have adenocarcinogenesis if they reported no severe typical or atypical GERD symptoms, respectively, compared with patients taking proton pump inhibitors, who reported that all symptoms were severe. CONCLUSIONS Medically treated patients with mild or absent GERD symptoms have significantly higher odds of adenocarcinogenesis compared with medically treated patients with severe GERD symptoms. This finding may explain the failure of the current screening paradigm in which the threshold for primary endoscopic examination is based on symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Nason
- Division of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Universty of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Ponce J, Calvet X, Gallach M, Ponce M. Esophagitis in a high H. pylori prevalence area: severe disease is rare but concomitant peptic ulcer is frequent. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25051. [PMID: 22022373 PMCID: PMC3191140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few data are available on the prevalence of erosive and severe esophagitis in Western countries. Objective To retrospectively determine the prevalence and the factors predicting erosive esophagitis and severe esophagitis in a large series of endoscopies in Spain. Design Retrospective observational study. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine variables predicting severe esophagitis. Setting Databases of 29 Spanish endoscopy units. Patients Patients submitted to a diagnostic endoscopy during the year 2005. Interventions Retrospective review of the databases. Main Outcome Measurements Esophagitis severity (graded according to the Los Angeles classification) and associated endoscopic findings. Results Esophagitis was observed in 8.7% of the 93,699 endoscopies reviewed. Severe esophagitis (LA grade C or D) accounted for 22.5% of cases of the disease and was found in 1.9% of all endoscopies. Incidences of esophagitis and those of severe esophagitis were 86.2 and 18.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year respectively. Male sex (OR 1.89) and advanced age (OR 4.2 for patients in the fourth age quartile) were the only variables associated with severe esophagitis. Associated peptic ulcer was present in 8.8% of cases. Limitations Retrospective study, no data on individual proton pump inhibitors use. Conclusions Severe esophagitis is an infrequent finding in Spain. It occurs predominantly in males and in older individuals. Peptic ulcer disease is frequently associated with erosive esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Ponce
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Calvet
- CIBEREHD Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Malalties Digestives, Hospital de Sabadell, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marta Gallach
- Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Malalties Digestives, Hospital de Sabadell, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Ponce
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Pilotto A, Maggi S, Noale M, Franceschi M, Parisi G, Crepaldi G. Association of upper gastrointestinal symptoms with functional and clinical characteristics in the elderly. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3020-6. [PMID: 21799648 PMCID: PMC3132253 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i25.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and their association with clinical and functional characteristics in elderly outpatients.
METHODS: The study involved 3238 outpatients ≥ 60 years consecutively enrolled by 107 general practitioners. Information on social, behavioral and demographic characteristics, function in the activities of daily living (ADL), co-morbidities and drug use were collected by a structured interview. Upper gastrointestinal symptom data were collected by the 15-items upper gastro-intestinal symptom questionnaire for the elderly, a validated diagnostic tool which includes the following five symptom clusters: (1) abdominal pain syndrome; (2) reflux syndrome; (3) indigestion syndrome; (4) bleeding; and (5) non-specific symptoms. Presence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed through a logistic regression model.
RESULTS: 3100 subjects were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms was 43.0%, i.e. cluster (1) 13.9%, (2) 21.9%, (3) 30.2%, (4) 1.2%, and (5) 4.5%. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequently reported by females (P < 0.0001), with high number of co-morbidities (P < 0.0001), who were taking higher number of drugs (P < 0.0001) and needed assistance in the ADL. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female sex (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17-1.64), disability in the ADL (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.12-1.93), smoking habit (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.00-1.65), and body mass index (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08), as well as the presence of upper (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.52-3.60) and lower gastroenterological diseases (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.70-2.97), psychiatric (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28-2.01) and respiratory diseases (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.54) were significantly associated with the presence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
CONCLUSION: Functional and clinical characteristics are associated with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. A multidimensional comprehensive evaluation may be useful when approaching upper gastrointestinal symptoms in older subjects.
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Kumar S, Sharma S, Norboo T, Dolma D, Norboo A, Stobdan T, Rohatgi S, Munot K, Ahuja V, Saraya A. Population based study to assess prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a high altitude area. Indian J Gastroenterol 2011; 30:135-43. [PMID: 21181325 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-010-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We did a population-based cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a high altitude area. METHODS An observational study using a validated questionnaire consisting of demographic, lifestyle and dietary characteristics was administered in an interview based format by two clinicians on a sample of adult population residing in urban area and rural high altitude areas of Ladakh. Presence of GERD was defined as a score of ≥4 using a previously validated symptom score based on the severity and frequency of heartburn and regurgitation. Other factors studied were body mass index (BMI), oxygen saturation levels by pulse oximetry and serum lipid profile. A multivariate analysis was done to find out risk factors for symptomatic GERD. RESULTS Of the 905 subjects analyzed, there were 399 (44.1%) men; 469 (51.8%) were from rural background and 722 (79.8%) lived in areas 3,000 m above sea level. Symptomatic GERD was present in 169 (18.7%) subjects. Regurgitation occurred once a week in 34.8% and heartburn occurred in 42.9% of subjects. Sixteen (9.5%) had moderate-severe disease activity while 153 (90.5%) had mild disease. Three hundred and eighty-eight (42.7%) and 315 (34.8%) subjects had symptom of heartburn and regurgitation (at least once a week), respectively. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for GERD were age ≤50 years (OR: 1.508, 95% CI: 1.028-2.213), sedentary lifestyle (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.016-7.638), lower intake of salt tea (OR: 1.663, 95% CI: 1.014-2.726); whereas the protective factors were no intake of meat (OR: 0.841, 95% CI: 0.715-0.990), intake of fresh fruits ≥1/week (OR: 0.631, 95% CI: 0.409-0.973), and serum LDL ≤150 mg/dL (OR: 0.435, 95% CI: 0.218-0.868). CONCLUSION This population-based study in a high altitude area in India suggests a high prevalence (18.7%) of GERD. A younger age group, sedentary lifestyle, serum LDL >150 mg/dL, high consumption of meat, low consumption of salted tea and low consumption of fresh fruits were significant risk factors for development of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
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Becher A, Dent J. Systematic review: ageing and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms, oesophageal function and reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:442-54. [PMID: 21138458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is thought to become more prevalent with age. AIM To assess systematically how age affects the prevalence of GERD and its oesophageal complications. METHODS Systematic PubMed searches were used to identify population-based studies on the age-related prevalence and incidence of GERD, and clinical studies on age-related changes in oesophageal complications in GERD. RESULTS Nine population-based studies and seven clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Four of seven prevalence studies observed no significant effect of age on GERD symptom prevalence, two did not report on statistical significance and one observed a significant age-related increase in symptom prevalence. The two population-based endoscopic surveys showed no significant effect of age on reflux oesophagitis prevalence. Clinical studies in patients with GERD showed an increase in reflux oesophagitis severity and a decrease in heartburn severity with age, and age-related increases in oesophageal acid exposure and anatomical disruption of the gastro-oesophageal junction. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological studies do not show an increase in GERD symptom prevalence with age. However, in individuals with GERD, ageing is associated with more severe patterns of acid reflux and reflux oesophagitis; despite this, symptoms associated with GERD become less severe and more nonspecific with ageing. Thus, the real prevalence of GERD may well increase with age.
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Fujimoto K, Hongo M. Safety and efficacy of long-term maintenance therapy with oral dose of rabeprazole 10 mg once daily in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis. Intern Med 2011; 50:179-88. [PMID: 21297318 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment for two years in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis (RE). METHODS The efficacy and safety of two-year (104-week) treatment with rabeprazole (RPZ) 10 mg were studied in patients confirmed to have been cured of RE by PPI and who required long-term maintenance therapy with PPI. We performed serial endoscopy, checked gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, adverse events, laboratory values and serum gastrin. We also monitored gastric mucosal histology, atrophy and polyps. RESULTS The endoscopic non-relapse rate for RE was 87.3% for the 104-week period. GERD symptoms improved based on the fact that the mean change from baseline in GERD symptom score after treatment was a negative value. Treatment was safe; and atrophy was found to have developed in virtually no cases. A few new benign fundic gland or hyperplastic polyps developed throughout the study, but no ECL carcinoids were found to have developed. Serum gastrin levels tended to increase up to 24 weeks, but there were no subsequent changes thereafter up to 104 weeks. CONCLUSION The results confirmed oral RPZ 10 mg to be effective for maintenance therapy in Japanese patients with RE. Although effects on the gastric mucosa were not ruled out, long-term use of RPZ was confirmed to be safe overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan.
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Cho YK, Kim GH, Kim JH, Jung HY, Lee JS, Kim NY. [Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2010; 55:279-95. [PMID: 20697188 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2010.55.5.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastoesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been rapidly increased in Korea during last 20 years. However, there has been no systematic review regarding this disease. The aim of this article was to provide a review of available diagnostic modalities for GERD. This review includes proton pump inhibitor (PPI) test, endoscopy, ambulatory pH monitoring, impedance pH monitoring, and esophageal manometry in order to provide a basis for the currently applicable recommendations in the diagnosis of GERD in Korea. With weekly heartburn or acid regurgitation, the prevalence of GERD has been reported as 3.4% to 7.9%, indicating an increase of GERD in Korea. As the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus has been reported to be low, the screening endoscopy for Barrett's esophagus is not recommended. Several recent meta-analyses re-evaluated the value of the PPI test in patients with typical GERD symptoms and non-cardiac chest pain. That is, the PPI test has been proven to be a sensitive tool for diagnosing GERD in patients with non-cardiac chest pain and in some preliminary trials regarding extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. Ambulatory pH monitoring of the esophagus helps to confirm gastroesophageal reflux in patients with persistent symptoms (both typical and atypical) in the absence of esophageal mucosal damage, especially when a trial of acid suppression has failed. Impedance pH test is useful in refractory reflux patients with primary complaints of typical GERD symptoms, but this value has not been proved in patients with non-cardiac chest pain or extraesophageal symptoms. This systematic review is targeted to establish the strategy of GERD diagnosis, which is essential for the current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Nationsal University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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