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Generalova AN, Vikhrov AA, Prostyakova AI, Apresyan SV, Stepanov AG, Myasoedov MS, Oleinikov VA. Polymers in 3D printing of external maxillofacial prostheses and in their retention systems. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124181. [PMID: 38697583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Maxillofacial defects, arising from trauma, oncological disease or congenital abnormalities, detrimentally affect daily life. Prosthetic repair offers the aesthetic and functional reconstruction with the help of materials mimicking natural tissues. 3D polymer printing enables the design of patient-specific prostheses with high structural complexity, as well as rapid and low-cost fabrication on-demand. However, 3D printing for prosthetics is still in the early stage of development and faces various challenges for widespread use. This is because the most suitable polymers for maxillofacial restoration are soft materials that do not have the required printability, mechanical strength of the printed parts, as well as functionality. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities of 3D printing techniques for production of polymer maxillofacial prostheses using computer-aided design and modeling software. Review discusses the widely used polymers, as well as their blends and composites, which meet the most important assessment criteria, such as the physicochemical, biological, aesthetic properties and processability in 3D printing. In addition, strategies for improving the polymer properties, such as their printability, mechanical strength, and their ability to print multimaterial and architectural structures are highlighted. The current state of the prosthetic retention system is presented with a focus on actively used polymer adhesives and the recently implemented prosthesis-supporting osseointegrated implants, with an emphasis on their creation from 3D-printed polymers. The successful prosthetics is discussed in terms of the specificity of polymer materials at the restoration site. The approaches and technological prospects are also explored through the examples of the nasal, auricle and ocular prostheses, ranging from prototypes to end-use products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla N Generalova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Vikhrov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna I Prostyakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Samvel V Apresyan
- Institute of Digital Dentistry, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Stepanov
- Institute of Digital Dentistry, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim S Myasoedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Oleinikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Legg LR, Ahmed ZU, Solano AK, Seier K, O'Hara BF, Kapetanakos M, Huryn JM, Randazzo JD. Rehabilitation of pediatric retinoblastoma patients with ocular prostheses and their subsequent modifications: A 15-year retrospective study. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:12-17. [PMID: 36951218 PMCID: PMC11396823 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Enucleation is a common treatment modality performed for pediatric retinoblastoma patients, and the resultant defects are reconstructed using an ocular prosthesis. The prostheses are modified or replaced periodically, as the child develops due to orbital growth and patient-error. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the replacement frequency of prostheses in the pediatric oncologic population. METHODS A retrospective review was completed by the two senior research investigators, of patients that had ocular prostheses fabricated following enucleation of their retinoblastoma from 2005 to 2019 (n = 90). Data collected from the medical records of the patient included the pathology, date of surgery, date of prosthesis delivery, and the replacement schedule of the ocular prosthesis. RESULTS During the 15-year study period, 78 enucleated observations (ocular prosthesis fabricated) were included for analysis. The median age of the patients at the time of delivery of their first ocular prosthesis was calculated to be 2.6 years (range 0.3-18 years). The median time to the first modification of the prosthesis was calculated to be 6 months. The time to modification of the ocular prosthesis was further stratified by age. CONCLUSION Pediatric patients require modification of their ocular prostheses throughout their growth and development period. Ocular prostheses are reliable prostheses with predictable outcomes. This data is helpful to set an expectation among the patient, parent, and provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Legg
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zain Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Armand K Solano
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Seier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bridget F O'Hara
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melani Kapetanakos
- Department of Restorative Science and Biomaterials, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph M Huryn
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph D Randazzo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Miechowicz S, Wojnarowska W, Majkut S, Trybulec J, Pijanka D, Piecuch T, Sochacki M, Kudasik T. Method of designing and manufacturing craniofacial soft tissue prostheses using Additive Manufacturing: A case study. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Powell SK, Cruz RLJ, Ross MT, Woodruff MA. Past, Present, and Future of Soft-Tissue Prosthetics: Advanced Polymers and Advanced Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001122. [PMID: 32909302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide experience disfigurement due to cancers, congenital defects, or trauma, leading to significant psychological, social, and economic disadvantage. Prosthetics aim to reduce their suffering by restoring aesthetics and function using synthetic materials that mimic the characteristics of native tissue. In the 1900s, natural materials used for thousands of years in prosthetics were replaced by synthetic polymers bringing about significant improvements in fabrication and greater realism and utility. These traditional methods have now been disrupted by the advanced manufacturing revolution, radically changing the materials, methods, and nature of prosthetics. In this report, traditional synthetic polymers and advanced prosthetic materials and manufacturing techniques are discussed, including a focus on prosthetic material degradation. New manufacturing approaches and future technological developments are also discussed in the context of specific tissues requiring aesthetic restoration, such as ear, nose, face, eye, breast, and hand. As advanced manufacturing moves from research into clinical practice, prosthetics can begin new age to significantly improve the quality of life for those suffering tissue loss or disfigurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Powell
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Rena L J Cruz
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Maureen T Ross
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Chinnery H, Thompson SBN, Noroozi S, Dyer B, Rees K. Questionnaire study to gain an insight into the manufacturing and fitting process of artificial eyes in children: an ocularist perspective. Int Ophthalmol 2016; 37:1175-1183. [PMID: 27796730 PMCID: PMC5633635 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To gain an insight into the manufacturing and fitting of artificial eyes in children and potential improvements to the process. Method An online qualitative survey was distributed to 39 ocularists/prosthetists in Europe and Canada. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling, specifically maximum variation sampling from the researcher’s contacts and an online search. Results The findings highlighted the current impression technique as being the most difficult yet most important part of the current process for both the ocularist and child patient. Negatively affecting obtaining a good impression, the child patients distress can be reduced by their parents by providing encouragement, reassurance, practicing the insertion and removal of the artificial eye and being matter of fact. Whilst improvements to the current process provided mixed views, the incorporation of current technology was perceived as not being able to meet the requirements to produce aesthetically pleasing artificial eyes. Conclusion The current artificial eye process can be seen as an interaction with its success being dependent on the child patient’s acceptance and adjustment which is dependent on the factors associated to the process. Investigation into the needs of the patient and whether technology can improve the process are the next steps in its advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Chinnery
- Psychology Research Centre, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, P104, Poole House, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Simon B N Thompson
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Psychology Research Centre, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Siamak Noroozi
- Design Simulation Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Design and Engineering, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Bryce Dyer
- Research & Professional Practice and Principal Academic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Design and Engineering, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Karen Rees
- Public Health/Health Visiting, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Department of Nursing and Clinical Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Sonographic Detection of Unilateral Retinoblastoma. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479316650871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a cancer that affects the eye, and if untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body. Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric eye cancer and accounts for 3% of all childhood cancers. It can be hereditary or sporadic (nonhereditary). This case study presents a unilateral retinoblastoma of the right eye in a pediatric patient. A diagnosis of retinoblastoma was made by correlating sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ophthalmology. Treatment for retinoblastoma depends on the severity of the cancer but can include radiation, chemotherapy, focal laser therapy, and/or surgery. This particular case of retinoblastoma was treated with chemotherapy.
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