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Constant C, Desrochers A, Gagnon C, Provost C, Nichols S, Marchionatti E, Gara-Boivin C. Single-step production of autologous bovine platelet concentrate for clinical applications in cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:565-575. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Segabinazzi LGTM, Podico G, Rosser MF, Nanjappa SG, Alvarenga MA, Canisso IF. Three Manual Noncommercial Methods to Prepare Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1478. [PMID: 34063777 PMCID: PMC8223772 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of PRP's increasing popularity in veterinary practice, this study aimed to compare three manual methods to prepare and cool equine PRP. The blood of 18 clinically healthy mares was collected via venipuncture in a blood transfusion bag (method 1), blood tubes (method 2), and a syringe (method 3). In method 1, samples were double centrifuged; method 2 involved one centrifugation, and in method 3 the syringe was kept in an upright position to sediment for 4 h. After processing with three methods, PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were extracted and assessed for red (RBC) and white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet counts, and viability. In a subset of mares (n = 6), samples were processed with the three methods, and PRP was evaluated at 6 and 24 h postcooling at 5 °C. Method 1 resulted in the highest and method 3 in the lowest platelet concentration (p < 0.05), and the latter also had greater contamination with WBC than the others (p < 0.001). Platelet viability was similar across treatments (p > 0.05). Cooling for 24 h did not affect platelet counts in all methods (p > 0.05); however, platelet viability was reduced after cooling PRP produced by method 3 (p = 0.04), and agglutination increased over time in all methods (p < 0.001). The three methods increased (1.8-5.6-fold) platelet concentration in PRP compared to whole blood without compromising platelet viability. In conclusion, all three methods concentrated platelets and while cooling affected their viability. It remains unknown whether the different methods and cooling would affect PRP's clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618681, SP, Brazil;
| | - Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Michael F. Rosser
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (M.F.R.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Som G. Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (M.F.R.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Marco A. Alvarenga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618681, SP, Brazil;
| | - Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Segabinazzi LGTM, Canisso IF, Podico G, Cunha LL, Novello G, Rosser MF, Loux SC, Lima FS, Alvarenga MA. Intrauterine Blood Plasma Platelet-Therapy Mitigates Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis, Reduces Uterine Infections, and Improves Embryo Recovery in Mares. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050490. [PMID: 33922743 PMCID: PMC8146422 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria and fungi, may gain access to the uterus during breeding, and infectious endometritis plays a major role in equine subfertility. This study aimed to assess the post-breeding inflammatory response, endometrial culture, and embryo recovery of mares susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) treated with plasma-rich (PRP) or -poor (PPP) plasma. Mares (n = 12) susceptible to PBIE had three cycles randomly assigned to receive intrauterine infusions of lactate ringer solution (LRS, control), or autologous PRP or PPP pre- (−48 and −24 h) and post-breeding (6 and 24 h). Mares were bred with fresh semen from one stallion. Intrauterine fluid accumulation (IUF) and endometrial neutrophils were assessed every 24 h up to 96 h post-breeding. Uterine cytokines (Ilβ, IL6, CXCL8, and IL10) were evaluated before (0 h), 6, and 24 h post-breeding, and endometrial culture three and nine days after breed. Embryo flushing was performed 8 days post-ovulation. Data were analyzed with mixed model, Tukey’s post-hoc test, and multivariate regression. PRP treatment reduced endometrial neutrophils, post-breeding IUF, and pro-inflammatory cytokines when compared to control-assigned cycles, but not significantly different than PPP. Controls had a significantly higher percentage of positive bacterial cultures (33%) in comparison to PRP-assigned cycles (0%), whereas cycles treated with PPP were not significantly different from the other groups (25%). The PRP-assigned cycles had significantly greater embryo recovery rates (83%) than the control (33%), though not significantly different than PPP (60%). Plasma infusion reduced the duration and intensity of the post-breeding inflammatory response and improved embryo recovery in mares susceptible to PBIE. Platelets incrementally downregulate PBIE and appear to have a dose-dependent antimicrobial property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.); (L.L.C.); (G.N.); (F.S.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618681, Brazil;
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre PO Box 334, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.); (L.L.C.); (G.N.); (F.S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.); (L.L.C.); (G.N.); (F.S.L.)
| | - Lais L. Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.); (L.L.C.); (G.N.); (F.S.L.)
| | - Guilherme Novello
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.); (L.L.C.); (G.N.); (F.S.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618681, Brazil;
| | - Michael F. Rosser
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA;
| | - Shavahn C. Loux
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA;
| | - Fabio S. Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.); (L.L.C.); (G.N.); (F.S.L.)
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marco A. Alvarenga
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618681, Brazil;
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McClain AK, McCarrel TM. The effect of four different freezing conditions and time in frozen storage on the concentration of commonly measured growth factors and enzymes in equine platelet-rich plasma over six months. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:292. [PMID: 31412868 PMCID: PMC6694589 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic biologic that is used for treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies in equine athletes. Due to the expense of PRP kits, and the volumes obtained, freezing aliquots for future dosing is common. Aliquots of PRP are also commonly frozen for later analysis of growth factor concentrations in in vitro research. A variety of freezing methods are used and storage duration until analysis is often not reported. The optimal frozen storage conditions and duration to maintain concentrations of commonly measured growth factors and enzymes in PRP are unknown. Our objectives were two-fold. First, to determine the effect of a single freeze-thaw cycle on PRP protein concentrations and establish their baseline levels. Second, to evaluate the effect of storage in -20 °C automatic defrost freezer, − 20 °C manual defrost freezer, − 80 °C manual defrost freezer, and liquid nitrogen for 1, 3, and 6 months on PRP protein concentrations, compared to the established baseline concentrations. Results Fold-change between fresh activated and snap frozen PRP were analyzed using paired t-test. A snap frozen-thaw cycle resulted in increased MMP-9 (p = 0.0021), and a small significant decrease in TGF-β1 (p = 0.0162), while IGF-1 and PDGF-BB were unchanged compared to fresh activated PRP. Fold-change over time within storage method were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. IGF-1 decreased in all conditions (p < 0.0001). At all time-points at -20 °C (p < 0.0001), and at 3 and 6 months at -80 °C (p < 0.0070), PDGF-BB decreased. TGF- β1 was unchanged or increased after 6 months (p < 0.0085). MMP-9 decreased at 3-months at -20 °C, and at all times at -80 °C and in liquid nitrogen compared to snap frozen (p < 0.0001). Conclusions The protein profile of equine frozen-stored PRP differs from fresh PRP. For clinical applications equine PRP can be stored at -80 °C for 1 month or in liquid nitrogen for 6 months to maintain PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentration, but IGF-1 concentrations will be reduced. The storage temperature and duration should be reported in studies measuring protein concentrations in PRP. To accurately measure IGF-1 concentrations, PRP samples should be analyzed immediately. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2040-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K McClain
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Taralyn M McCarrel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Compare the accuracy and precision of Coulter LH780, Mindray BC-6000 Plus, and Sysmex XN-9000 with the international reference flow cytometric method in platelet counting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217298. [PMID: 31125378 PMCID: PMC6534315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of different platelet counting methods (optical, impedance, fluorescence and hand counting) applied in different analysers by comparing with the international flow cytometric reference method (IRM). Methods A total of 333 blood samples from different subgroups (168 cases with thrombocytopenia, 136 cases with normal platelet counts and 29 cases with thrombocytosis) were tested. Regarding IRM as the gold standard, we compared the accuracy and precision of different platelet count methods; i.e. LH780 (impedance), BC-6000 Plus (optical (O) and impedance (I)), Sysmex XN-9000 (optical (O), impedance (I), fluorescence (F)), and hand counting. Results Sysmex XN-9000-F (r = 0.988) had the best correlation with IRM for thrombocytopenic samples; BC-6000 Plus-I (r = 0.966) was more relevant to IRM than any other method for samples with normal platelet counts. Correlation between Sysmex XN-9000-I (r = 0.960) and IRM was the highest among these methods for samples with thrombocytosis. For bias evaluation, the average bias of Sysmex XN-9000-F was -1.5 × 109/L (95% LA = -9.4 to +6.4) for samples with thrombocytopenia, compared with IRM. BC-6000 Plus-I had a small mean difference with IRM for samples with normal platelet counts or thrombocytosis. Moreover, all evaluated methods had acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and concordance rates as compared with IRM in the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis. Conclusions Platelet counting by Sysmex XN-9000-F is more accurate than other methods for thrombocytopenic samples. BC-6000 Plus-I has superior association and consistency for normal platelet counts. As for thrombocytosis patients, Sysmex XN-9000-I has the highest correlation with IRM while Sysmex XN-9000-O has the highest diagnosis efficacy.
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Bogers SH. Cell-Based Therapies for Joint Disease in Veterinary Medicine: What We Have Learned and What We Need to Know. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:70. [PMID: 29713634 PMCID: PMC5911772 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological cell-based therapies for the treatment of joint disease in veterinary patients include autologous-conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, and expanded or non-expanded mesenchymal stem cell products. This narrative review outlines the processing and known mechanism of action of these therapies and reviews current preclinical and clinical efficacy in joint disease in the context of the processing type and study design. The significance of variation for biological activity and consequently regulatory approval is also discussed. There is significant variation in study outcomes for canine and equine cell-based products derived from whole blood or stem cell sources such as adipose and bone marrow. Variation can be attributed to altering bio-composition due to factors including preparation technique and source. In addition, study design factors like selection of cases with early vs. late stage osteoarthritis (OA), or with intra-articular soft tissue injury, influence outcome variation. In this under-regulated field, variation raises concerns for product safety, consistency, and efficacy. Cell-based therapies used for OA meet the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) definition of a drug; however, researchers must consider their approach to veterinary cell-based research to meet future regulatory demands. This review explains the USA’s FDA guidelines as an example pathway for cell-based therapies to demonstrate safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing consistency. An understanding of the variation in production consistency, effectiveness, and regulatory concerns is essential for practitioners and researchers to determine what products are indicated for the treatment of joint disease and tactics to improve the quality of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Helen Bogers
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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