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Uppal V, Russell R, Sondekoppam RV, Ansari J, Baber Z, Chen Y, DelPizzo K, Dirzu DS, Kalagara H, Kissoon NR, Kranz PG, Leffert L, Lim G, Lobo C, Lucas DN, Moka E, Rodriguez SE, Sehmbi H, Vallejo MC, Volk T, Narouze S. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on postdural puncture headache: a consensus report from a multisociety international working group. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024; 49:471-501. [PMID: 37582578 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) can follow unintentional dural puncture during epidural techniques or intentional dural puncture during neuraxial procedures such as a lumbar puncture or spinal anesthesia. Evidence-based guidance on the prevention, diagnosis or management of this condition is, however, currently lacking. This multisociety guidance aims to fill this void and provide practitioners with comprehensive information and patient-centric recommendations to prevent, diagnose and manage patients with PDPH. METHODS Based on input from committee members and stakeholders, the committee cochairs developed 10 review questions deemed important for the prevention, diagnosis and management of PDPH. A literature search for each question was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid) on 2 March 2022. The results from each search were imported into separate Covidence projects for deduplication and screening, followed by data extraction. Additional relevant clinical trials, systematic reviews and research studies published through March 2022 were also considered for the development of guidelines and shared with contributors. Each group submitted a structured narrative review along with recommendations graded according to the US Preventative Services Task Force grading of evidence. The interim draft was shared electronically, with each collaborator requested to vote anonymously on each recommendation using two rounds of a modified Delphi approach. RESULTS Based on contemporary evidence and consensus, the multidisciplinary panel generated 50 recommendations to provide guidance regarding risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and management of PDPH, along with their strength and certainty of evidence. After two rounds of voting, we achieved a high level of consensus for all statements and recommendations. Several recommendations had moderate-to-low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS These clinical practice guidelines for PDPH provide a framework to improve identification, evaluation and delivery of evidence-based care by physicians performing neuraxial procedures to improve the quality of care and align with patients' interests. Uncertainty remains regarding best practice for the majority of management approaches for PDPH due to the paucity of evidence. Additionally, opportunities for future research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Uppal
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Russell
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rakesh V Sondekoppam
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jessica Ansari
- Anesthesia Department, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zafeer Baber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathryn DelPizzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Sebastian Dirzu
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hari Kalagara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Narayan R Kissoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter G Kranz
- Depatement of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Leffert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale New Haven Health System; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Grace Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clara Lobo
- Anesthesiology Institute, Interventional Pain Medicine Department, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dominique Nuala Lucas
- Department of Anaesthesia, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Eleni Moka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Creta Interclinic Hospital - Hellenic Healthcare Group (HHG), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stephen E Rodriguez
- Department of Anesthesia, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Herman Sehmbi
- Department of Anesthesia, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel C Vallejo
- Departments of Medical Education, Anesthesiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas Volk
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Samer Narouze
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA
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Tarrant EP, Powell MF. Unilateral Facial Nerve Palsy After Inadvertent Dural Puncture Initially Diagnosed as Bell's Palsy, Improved With Epidural Blood Patch: A Case Report. A A Pract 2020; 14:e01283. [PMID: 32909714 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cranial nerve (CN) VII palsy is a rare complication of neuraxial blockade. The likely etiology of the palsy is intracranial hypotension from cerebrospinal fluid loss leading to traction on CN VII. The presentation of symptoms of CN VII palsy from intracranial hypotension closely resembles a more common cause of CN VII injury, Bell's palsy, and the 2 can be difficult to differentiate. We present a patient who had a dural puncture with development of a headache and CN VII palsy, which improved with epidural blood patch (EBP). EBP should be considered for patients with suspected CN palsy from intracranial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel P Tarrant
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Simopoulos TT, Sharma S, Aner M, Gill JS. The Incidence and Management of Postdural Puncture Headache in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Lead Placement for Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2016; 19:738-743. [PMID: 27172329 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is rapidly expanding therapy for the treatment of refractory neuropathic pain. Although technical issues such as battery life and lead migration have been well studied and improved, little is known about the incidence and management of inadvertent dural puncture and consequent headache. OBJECTIVES The goals of this article were to determine the incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) per lead insertion at the various regions of the spine and to detail the use of conservative management and epidural blood patch (EBP). Long-term outcomes are reviewed to validate treatment modalities employed. METHODS Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records identified by patient implant registry and current procedural terminology data for nearly a 13-year time interval. Operative and postoperative notes were reviewed for details on dural puncture, access technique and spinal level, the development of a PDPH, and the treatment employed with particularly emphasis on the use of (EBP). RESULTS A total of 745 leads inserted resulted in 6 PDPH that were refractory to conservative measures but responded to EBP without long-term complications. The overall incidence of PDPH per lead insertion was 0.81%. Leads placed anterograde in the thoracolumbar (T11-L3) and Cervicothoracic (C7-T5) regions resulted in an incidence of PDPH per lead of 0.63% and 1.1%, respectively, while 5.9% occurred with lumbar retrograde approach, and none with caudal. CONCLUSIONS Dural puncture during SCS device placement and can result in a PDPH that is severe and refractory to conservative modes of therapy. Even in the presence of hardware, EBP performed with meticulous aseptic technique was found to be safe and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Simopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sanjiv Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Musa Aner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jatinder S Gill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
A literature search found no clinical trials or guidelines addressing the management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Based on the available literature and expert opinion, we have developed recommendations for the diagnosis and management of SIH. For typical cases, we recommend brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium to confirm the diagnosis, and conservative measures for up to two weeks. If the patient remains symptomatic, up to three non-directed lumbar epidural blood patches (EBPs) should be considered. If these are unsuccessful, non-invasive MR myelography, radionuclide cisternography, MR myelography with intrathecal gadolinium, or computed tomography with myelography should be used to localize the leak. If the leak is localized, directed EPBs should be considered, followed by fibrin sealant or neurosurgery if necessary. Clinically atypical cases with normal brain MR imaging should be investigated to localize the leak. Directed EBPs can be used if the leak is localized; non-directed EBPs should be used only if there are indirect signs of SIH.
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Darvish B, Gupta A, Alahuhta S, Dahl V, Helbo-Hansen S, Thorsteinsson A, Irestedt L, Dahlgren G. Management of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache after labour: a Nordic survey. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:46-53. [PMID: 21039355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND a major risk with epidural analgesia is accidental dural puncture (ADP), which may result in post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). This survey was conducted to explore the incidence of ADP, the policy for management of PDPH and the educational practices in epidural analgesia during labour in the Nordic countries. METHODS a postal questionnaire was sent to the anaesthesiologist responsible for Obstetric anaesthesia service in all maternity units (n=153) with questions relating to the year 2008. RESULTS the overall response rate was 93%. About 32% (22-47%) of parturients received epidural analgesia for labour. There were databases for registering obstetric epidural complications in 13% of Danish, 24% of Norwegian and Swedish, 43% of Finnish and 100% of hospitals in Iceland. The estimated incidence of ADP was 1% (n approximately 900). Epidural blood patch (EBP) was performed in 86% (n≈780) of the parturients. The most common time interval from diagnosis to performing EBP was 24-48 h. The success rate for EBP was >75% in 67% (62-79%) of hospitals. The use of diagnostic CT/MRI before the first or the second EBP was exceptional. No major complication was reported. Teaching of epidurals was commonest (86%) in the non-obstetric population and 53% hospitals desired a formal training programme in obstetric analgesia. CONCLUSION we found the incidence of ADP to be approximately 1%. EBP was the commonest method used for its management, and the success rate was high in most hospitals. Formal training in epidural analgesia was absent in most countries and trainees first performed it in the non-obstetric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Darvish
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
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