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Rezaei N, Maghsodlu M, Sheidaei A, Kafiabad SA, Gohari K, Zadsar M, Delavari F, Sharifi Z, Yoosefi M, Farzadfar F, Asadi-Lari M. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Hepatitis B Prevalence in Iranian Blood Donors from 2000 to 2016 at National and Provincial Level. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1854-1862. [PMID: 34722381 PMCID: PMC8542826 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i9.7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High risk blood transfusions can cause a lot of financial and psychological burden to the community. The prevalence of Hepatitis B is useful for evaluating the blood products' safety and donor selection methods. We aimed to predict the prevalence of hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors from 2000-2016. METHODS Positive cases of hepatitis B from 2006 to 2014 were collected from Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. This database was classified according to the age, provinces, and type of donation. Data was not existed in all subnational levels and all years, therefore, for predicting the hepatitis B prevalence, two separate, Spatio-temporal and mixed model (GLMM) were developed. RESULTS At the national level, the hepatitis B prevalence declined from 0.69 (0.51 to 0.90) in 2000 to 0.27 (0.21 to 0.33) in 2016. In first-time, regular, and repeated donors, this prevalence declined from 2.31 (1.74 to 2.31), 0.26 (0.19 to 0.34), and 0.51 (0.38 to 0.68) in 2000 to 0.87 (0.69 to 1.09), 0.09 (0.07 to 0.12), and 0.19 (0.14 to 0.24) in 2016. At the provincial level, the highest and lowest prevalence in 2016 was observed in North Khorasan and Gilan. With increasing age, the average prevalence of hepatitis B, increased. CONCLUSION Prevalence of hepatitis B in Iranian blood donors has been reduced significantly over 17 years, but still new cases of hepatitis B are reported. By precise monitoring the donor selection process and implementing more sensitive laboratory screening, we can reduce the risk of new infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Maghsodlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zadsar
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Azadbakht M, Ardakani MT, Delirakbariazar M, Kasraian L, Khaledi A, Foruozandeh H, Salah A, Maleki F, Eshraghi M. Seroprevalence and Trend of HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections among Blood Donors of Fars Province, Iran (2006-2018). Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 30:397-408. [PMID: 32874083 PMCID: PMC7445945 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure; millions of lives are saved each year. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks that can lead to adverse consequences. This study aimed to survey the prevalence and trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors of Fars province, Iran (2006–2018). Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the records of the blood transfusion organization of Fars province. A total of 1952478 blood units were screened for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Then, data were entered into SPSS software (Negare. version 25). Chi-square test was used to compare the sof TTIs among blood donors. Chisquare test for trend was used to analyze the variations in trends of TTIs during this period. Finally, p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism software was used for the depiction of the graphs. Results Among the 1952478 blood donations within the 13-years, 4479(0.229 %) of donors were HBsAg, HCV Ab, and HIV Ag-Ab positive. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 2684(0.137%), 1703(0.087 %), and 92(0.0047%), respectively. Conclusion The current study showed that the overall prevalence of TTIs among blood donors was low and had a descending trend over the years of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Azadbakht
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iran
| | - Masoud Torabi Ardakani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iran
| | | | - Leila Kasraian
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iran
| | - Azad Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Foruozandeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iran
| | - Alireza Salah
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Maleki
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iran.,Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohsen Eshraghi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Mabilangan C, Burton C, O’Brien S, Plitt S, Eurich D, Preiksaitis J. Using blood donors and solid organ transplant donors and recipients to estimate the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in Canada: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2020; 5:158-176. [PMID: 36341316 PMCID: PMC9608736 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are common, causing significant morbidity in pregnancy (congenital CMV) and transplant recipients (CMV, EBV). Canadian prevalence data are needed to model disease burden and develop strategies for future vaccines. We estimated prevalence using screening data from blood donors and solid organ transplant (SOT) donors and recipients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed CMV and EBV serology from Alberta SOT donors (n = 3,016) and recipients (n = 4,614) (1984-2013) and Canadian Blood Services blood donors (n = 1,253,350) (2005-2014), studying associations with age, sex, organ, year, and geographic region. RESULTS CMV seroprevalence rises gradually with age. By age 70, CMV seropositivity ranged from 67% (blood donors) to 73% (SOT recipients). Significant proportions of women of child-bearing age were CMV-seronegative (organ donors, 44%; SOT recipients, 43%; blood donors, 61%). Blood donor CMV seroprevalence decreased from 48% in Western Canada to 30% in Eastern Canada. Women were more likely to be CMV-seropositive (ORs = 1.58, 1.45, and 1.11 for organ donors, SOT recipients, and blood donors, respectively) and EBV-seropositive (ORs = 1.87 and 1.46 for organ donors and SOT recipients, respectively). EBV prevalence rises rapidly, and by age 17-29 years, 81% of SOT recipients and 90% of organ donors were seropositive. CONCLUSIONS Canada has relatively low and perhaps decreasing age-specific EBV and CMV prevalence, making Canadians vulnerable to primary infection-associated morbidity and suggesting benefit from future vaccines. Collection and analysis of routine serology screening data are useful for observing trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Mabilangan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Burton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheila O’Brien
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Plitt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dean Eurich
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jutta Preiksaitis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence: Jutta Preiksaitis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 1-125 CSB, 11350 83 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada. Telephone: 780-492-8164. Fax: 780-492-8050. E-mail:
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Hashemi S, Maghsudlu M, Nasizadeh S, Esmaielifar G, Pourfathollah AA. Effective ways to retain first‐time blood donors: a field‐trial study. Transfusion 2019; 59:2893-2898. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hashemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Soheila Nasizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Gilda Esmaielifar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Tehran Iran
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5
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van de Laar TJ, Van Gaever VA, Swieten PV, Muylaert A, Compernolle V, Zaaijer HL. Phylogenetic analysis reveals three distinct epidemiological profiles in Dutch and Flemish blood donors with hepatitis B virus infection. Virology 2018; 515:243-249. [PMID: 29324289 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During 2006-2016, hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in nearly 400 blood donors in the Netherlands and Flanders. Donor demographics and self-reported risk factors as disclosed during the donor exit interview were compared to HBV phylogenies of donor and reference sequences. First-time donors with chronic HBV-infection were often immigrants (67%) infected with genetically highly diverse strains of genotypes A (32%), B (8%), C (6%), D (53%) and E to H (1%). Each subtype was strongly associated with donor ethnicity. In contrast, 57/62 (93%) of acute/recent HBV infections occurred among indigenous donors, of whom 67% was infected with one specific widely circulating epidemic HBV-A2 lineage. HBV typing identified three distinct epidemiological profiles: the import of chronic HBV infections through migration, longstanding transmission of non-epidemic HBV-A2 strains within western-Europe, and the active transmission of one epidemic HBV-A2 strain most likely fueled by sexual risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs J van de Laar
- Department op Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Peter van Swieten
- Department op Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An Muylaert
- Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department op Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center / University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mohsenizadeh M, Mollaei HR, Ghaziizadeh M. Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis B, C and HIV among Blood Donors in Kerman. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3267-3272. [PMID: 29286218 PMCID: PMC5980882 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.12.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Infections transmitted through blood transfusions are the most important issue associated with blood donation. We aimed to provide an assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kerman province of Iran. Methods: Between 2014-2016, 99,187 samples were examined in a retrospective study in five blood transfusion centers in Kerman province. Serologic screening for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV1/2 was conducted for all samples and positive cases were confirmed. Result: The positives with the initial serological screening tests for HBsAg , anti-HCV and HIV 1/2 numbered 524, 409 and 285, respectively, and based on confirmation tests, final results were 196 , 72 and 1. The highest prevalences of HBV and HCV were reported as 0.36% in Jiroft city and 0.1% in Rafsanjan city. Co- infection with HBV and HCV was observed in the city of Sirjan. Conclusion: Blood-borne viral infections in people with low education levels were more common. The prevalence in Kerman province was low as compared to previous studies carried out in other regions of Iran. Application of standard operating procedures, with updated equipment, as well as planning for the use of molecular methods are necessary for the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, to monitor blood-transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohsenizadeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman,Iran
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Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease deferral in Canada: impact of stop dates. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 16:26-31. [PMID: 28151391 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0133-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce the risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) transmission via blood transfusion in Canada, potential donors who spent a cumulative time in the United Kingdom, Western Europe or Saudi Arabia are deferred. "Stop dates" for accumulated time were later implemented for 3 months spent in the United Kingdom or France (1980-1996) and for 5 years elsewhere in Western Europe (1980-2007); Saudi Arabia deferral was implemented with the "stop date" (1980-1996). We evaluated the long-term impact of these deferrals and "stop dates", as well as the consistency of donors' answers to post-implementation screening questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The monthly deferral rate was monitored from 2003-2015. Time series methods (ARIMA) were used with interruption when "stop dates" were implemented. A telephone survey of 1,000 donors (250 first-time, 500 repeat deferred donors, 250 non-deferred control donors) assessed travel history (response rate 62%). An anonymous mail survey of 40,000 donors assessed compliance with deferral (response rate 45.3%). RESULTS When the "stop date" for UK/France travel was implemented, the deferral rate decreased for first-time (2.1% to 1.1%, p<0.0001) and repeat (0.2% to 0.03%, p<0.0001) donors. The deferral rate increased after Saudi Arabia was included (mean increase of 0.4% first-time, 0.02% repeat, p<0.0001). After the Western Europe "stop date" the deferral rate was unchanged in first-time donors (1.0% to 1.1%, p=0.5) but decreased in repeat donors (0.03% to 0.02%, p<0.002). In the telephone survey, 94% of deferred donors confirmed deferrable travel history. In the anonymous survey 0.3% of donors were non-compliant with the UK/France deferral. DISCUSSION Donors, particularly first-time ones, continue to be lost due to vCJD travel deferral, but most deferrals are correctly applied and non-compliance is rare. The application of a "stop date" reduced deferrals for UK/France travel, but it may be too early to see the full impact of the "stop date" for Western Europe.
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Hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors in Argentina: prevalence of infection, genotype distribution and frequency of occult HBV infection. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2813-7. [PMID: 27383207 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the prevalence of HBV infection based on detection of HBsAg and HBV-DNA by NAT in 70,102 blood donors in Argentina (Córdoba province) and shows the viral genotype distribution and frequency of occult HBV infection (OBI) in this population. Forty-two donors were confirmed positive for HBV infection (0.06 %), and four had OBI. Genotype F was the most prevalent (71.4 %), followed by A (14.3 %), C (7.1 %) and D (7.1 %). This is the first report of the prevalence of confirmed HBV infection and the high frequency of occult HBV infection in a blood bank in Argentina.
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Tajbakhsh S, Gholizadeh Tangestani M, Hajiani G, Sharifi N, Taherkhani S, Nejadbolkheyr A. Prevalence and Trends of Transfusion-Transmissible Viral Infections among Blood Donors in South of Iran: An Eleven-Year Retrospective Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157615. [PMID: 27309959 PMCID: PMC4911153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is considered a potential risk factor for transmission of life-threatening viral infections, including HIV, HCV and HBV infections. This study was performed to find out the prevalence and trends of these infections among blood donors in Southern Iran. Methods The blood donor data recorded in twelve regional blood transfusion centers from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed in an anonymous way with respect to the results of serological screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections. Overall, 293454 donors were screened for viral infections. Results Most of the donors were male, married, aged between 20–40 years, educated, and regular donors. The overall seroprevalence rates of HBV, HCV and HIV were 0.15%, 0.1% and 0.004%, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was found for HBV, followed by HCV and HIV. These infections were more prevalent in male, low educated and first time donors. The highest HCV seroprevalence was observed among donors aged 20 to 40 years, while HBV seroprevalence increased with age. The seroprevalence rates of HBV and HCV from 2004 to 2014 showed significant decreasing trends from 0.460% to 0.060% (P < 0.001) and 0.329% to 0.045% (P < 0.001), respectively. Whereas HIV infection had a slight but not significant decline from 0.0173% in 2004 to 0.0028% in 2014 (P = 0.087). Conclusions The decreasing trends of transfusion-transmissible viral infections in blood donations indicate that the attempts of IBTO were successful in improving the safety of the blood supply, since the prevalence rates of viral infections have been reduced to very low levels in blood donations over the years. However, still more effective techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are needed to guarantee blood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Saeed Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | | | - Nasrin Sharifi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Taherkhani
- Reproductive Health and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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10
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Slot E, Janssen MP, Marijt-van der Kreek T, Zaaijer HL, van de Laar TJ. Two decades of risk factors and transfusion-transmissible infections in Dutch blood donors. Transfusion 2015; 56:203-14. [PMID: 26355711 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk behavior-based donor selection procedures are widely used to mitigate the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs), but their effectiveness is disputed in countries with low residual risks of TTIs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In 1995 to 2014, Dutch blood donors infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), or syphilis were interviewed by trained medical counselors to identify risk factors associated with TTIs. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of TTIs were analyzed using binomial regression models. RESULTS A total of 972 new donors and 381 repeat donors had TTIs. New donors had higher rates of TTIs compared to repeat donors. Although the HBV and HCV prevalence gradually decreased over time, the incidence of all five TTIs remained stable during the past two decades. In new donors the TTIs had the following risk profiles: "blood-blood contact" for HCV, "unprotected sex" for HIV and syphilis, and "country of birth" for HBV and HTLV. In infected repeat donors, sexual risk factors predominated for all TTIs. At posttest counseling, 28% of infected repeat donors admitted to risk factors leading to permanent donor exclusion if revealed during the donor selection procedure (predominantly male-to-male sex and recent diagnosis of syphilis). CONCLUSION The prevalence and incidence of TTIs among Dutch blood donors are six- to 60-fold lower than in the general Dutch population, illustrating the effectiveness of donor selection procedures. However, at least a quarter of infected donors appeared noncompliant to the donor health questionnaire (DHQ), suggesting that DHQs, or the way donor questioning is implemented, can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Slot
- Department of Blood-Borne Infections, Division Research, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam
| | - Mart P Janssen
- Department of Transfusion Technology Assessment, Division Research, Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Blood-Borne Infections, Division Research, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam.,Department of Clinical Virology (CINIMA), Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs J van de Laar
- Department of Blood-Borne Infections, Division Research, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam.,Department of Virology, Division Diagnostics, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam
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11
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O'Brien SF, Osmond L, Choquet K, Yi QL, Goldman M. Donor attention to reading materials. Vox Sang 2015; 109:336-42. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. F. O'Brien
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - L. Osmond
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - K. Choquet
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Q.-L. Yi
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - M. Goldman
- Canadian Blood Services; Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
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12
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Rosenberg GK, Lattimore S, Brailsford SR, Hewitt PE, Tettmar KI, Kitchen AD, Ijaz S, Tedder RS. The diversity of chronic hepatitis B virus infections within blood donors in England and North Wales 2005 through 2010. Transfusion 2013; 53:2467-76. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian K. Rosenberg
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Sam Lattimore
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Susan R. Brailsford
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Patricia E. Hewitt
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Kate I. Tettmar
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Alan D. Kitchen
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Samreen Ijaz
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
| | - Richard S. Tedder
- National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories; NHS Blood and Transplant/Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit; Clinical Transfusion Microbiology; National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant
- Blood Borne Virus Unit; Viral Reference Department; Microbiology Services; Health Protection Agency; Colindale London UK
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Kupek E. Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/839896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite a considerable reduction of the risk of HBV-infected blood donation entering blood supply (residual risk) due to improved screening by HBV NAT in the developed countries, the bulk of the people with HBV living in the developing countries still needs to be screened by serologic tests such as HBsAg and anti-HBc. Many of these countries lack resources for implementing NAT and are likely to remain so in the next decade or longer, thus depending on the HBV residual risk monitoring based on serologic testing and corresponding estimation methods. This paper reviews main HBV residual risk findings worldwide and the methods based on serology used for their calculation with repeat donors, as well as their extension to the first-time donors. Two artificial datasets with high (4.36%) and low (0.48%) HBV prevalence were generated to test the performance of five methods: the original incidence/window-period model based solely on HBsAg, its modification by Soldan in 2003, the Müller-Breitkreutz model, the HBsAg yield model, and its extension to include anti-HBc seroconversions within a year. The last model was closest to the true values of residual risk and had smallest variation of the estimates in both high and low prevalence data. It may be used for residual risk evaluation in relatively small samples, such as regional blood banks data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Kupek
- Department of Public Health/CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Lindenberg ADSC, Motta-Castro ARC, Puga MA, Ortiz Tanaka TS, Torres MS, Fernandes-Fitts SM, Cunha RV. Decrease in hepatitis B prevalence among blood donors in Central-West Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2013; 19:7. [PMID: 23849137 PMCID: PMC3710151 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to estimate hepatitis B virus seroprevalence among first-time blood donors in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the central-western region of Brazil. Findings A retrospective analysis of first-time voluntary blood donor records, from January 2010 to December 2010, was conducted at the Hematology Center of Mato Grosso do Sul. The prevalence of the HBsAg and anti-HBc serological markers and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Chi-square analysis was performed between the seroprevalence previously found in 2001 and the one determined by the current study. Results were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Among 8,840 subjects, 269 (3.04%, 95% CI: 2.7-3.4) were positive for HBV markers. The prevalence rate of HBsAg was 0.19% (95% CI: 0.1-0.3) and anti-HBc alone was 2.85% (95% CI: 2.5-3.2). Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference regarding gender. However, an important association was observed between HBV infection and older age (p < 0.01). The seroprevalence of HBV infection in first-time blood donors diminished from 2001 to 2010 (p < 0.01). Such decrease suggests an improvement in the recruitment of safe donors, the positive impact of vaccination programs and the decreasing of HBV infection prevalence in the general population.
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O'Brien SF, Zou S, Laperche S, Brant LJ, Seed CR, Kleinman SH. Surveillance of transfusion-transmissible infections comparison of systems in five developed countries. Transfus Med Rev 2011; 26:38-57. [PMID: 21944935 PMCID: PMC7134890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most industrialized countries maintain surveillance programs for monitoring transmissible infection in blood donations, revising approaches to methodology and risk assessment as new threats emerge. A comparison of programs in the United States, Canada, France, the UK, and Australia indicates that they have similar function, although the structure of blood programs vary as does the extent and nature of formal ties with public health. The emergence of HIV in the late 1970s and early 1980s was key in recognizing that surveillance systems specific to blood transfusion were essential. Hence, most industrialized countries monitor transfusion-transmissible infections in donors and evaluate the impact of new testing and of predonation screening strategies. Emerging infections since HIV have had different transmission pathways and challenged blood programs to draw upon resources for a rapid and effective response, with recognition that the original focus on sexual/drug-related risk of HIV and hepatitis was inadequate. The focus of surveillance programs on new and emerging pathogens fulfills a key role in risk assessment and policy formulation. The precise nature of such activities varies by country because of the structure of the blood programs and surveillance systems, the strategic focus of the blood programs, and the epidemiology of disease in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O'Brien
- National Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5. sheila.o'
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Niederhauser C. Reducing the risk of hepatitis B virus transfusion-transmitted infection. J Blood Med 2011; 2:91-102. [PMID: 22287868 PMCID: PMC3262354 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Before 1970, approximately 6% of multi-transfused recipients acquired a transfusion-transmitted Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The safety improvements since then have been tremendous. From a level of a few infections per 1000 donations, the risk today, depending on the screening algorithm and additional measurements performed, has decreased to around 1:500,000 to 1:1,000,000, an improvement greater than 1000-fold compared to 50 years ago. This enormous gain in safety has been achieved through many factors, including development of increasingly more sensitive Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) assays; the adoption in some countries of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) screening; an improved donor selection procedure; HBV vaccination programs; and finally the introduction of HBV nucleic acid testing (NAT). Because there is a tendency in transfusion medicine to add one safety measure on top of another to approach the ultimate goal of zero risks, costs become increasingly a matter of debate. It is obvious that any new measure in addition to existing methods or measures will have very poor cost effectiveness. Therefore each country needs to perform its own calculation based on the country’s own epidemiology, resources, political and public awareness of the risks, in order to choose the correct and most cost-efficient measures. Ideally, each country would make decisions regarding implementation of additional blood safety measures in the context of both the perceived benefit and the allocation of overall health care resources.
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Silveira LD, Schiavon LDL, Silva KPD, Lopes TB, Zaccaron MDR, Narciso-Schiavon JL. Clinical and epidemiological profile of blood donors with positive serology for viral hepatitis in southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:269-73. [PMID: 21552741 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Positive serological tests for hepatitis viruses B and C at blood banks are an important reason for blood deferral. Additionally, high residual risk for transfusing hepatitis-contaminated blood has been estimated in southern Brazil. This study aimed to identify risk factors for positive serological tests for viral hepatitis (VH) in blood donors (BD). METHODS: A case-control study included consecutive BD with positive serology for VH, between 2008 and 2009. Cases and controls (BD with negative serology for VH) were paired 1:1 by sex and donation date. Assessment of clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to viral hepatitis was conducted. RESULTS: Among 1,282 blood donors (641 cases and 641 controls), those with positive serology for viral hepatitis had higher mean age (p<0.001); higher proportion of replacement donation (p<0.001); first donation (p<0.001); and interviewer deferment (p=0.037), compared to controls. Furthermore, donors with positive tests were less regular donors (p<0.001), had less previous history of rejection (p=0.003) and showed lower hematocrit median before donation (p=0.019). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (OR=1.056, 95%CI 1.042-1.069, p<0.001), replacement donation (OR=1.545, 95%CI 1.171-2.038, p=0.002) and first donation (OR=9.931, 95%CI 7.486-13.173, p<0.001) were independently associated with positivity of serological tests for viral hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Specific characteristics of blood donors were associated with positive serology for viral hepatitis. These peculiarities should be taken into account when assessing candidates for blood donation.
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Brant LJ, Reynolds C, Byrne L, Davison KL. Hepatitis B and residual risk of infection in English and Welsh blood donors, 1996 through 2008. Transfusion 2011; 51:1493-502. [PMID: 21470235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, of all infections that donations are tested for, hepatitis B has the highest residual risk of transfusion transmission, despite donor selection criteria and advances in testing. Every blood donation in England and Wales is tested for hepatitis B surface antigen. Knowledge of infections being detected can inform donor selection and testing strategies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Data on donation testing and infections detected are collated by the NHS Blood and Transplant and Health Protection Agency Epidemiology Unit. Infected donors are classified as having acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) by a clinician; their demographic characteristics were described. The prevalence (by acute or chronic HBV status, ethnicity, and geography) and incidence of infection were calculated between 1996 and 2008. The residual risk was calculated for four periods using a modification of the incidence and window period model; the effects of modifying variables were investigated. RESULTS Most infections (1047/1155) detected were chronic and seen in new donors. People with acute infections were more likely to be white and/or born in Western Europe. Prevalence was highest in donors from minority ethnic communities and in London. Incidence in repeat donors has halved in recent years. The estimated frequency of an infectious donation being missed was 1.37 per million donations (2006-2008), the lowest since surveillance began or three per year. CONCLUSION Many HBV infections in England and Wales were detected among new donors, who had chronic infection and were born overseas. The residual risk of infection declined over the 13 study years, but is still higher for HBV than other viral infections for which testing is undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Brant
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections and NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
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Arnold DM, Crowther MA, Meyer RM, Carruthers J, Ditomasso J, Heddle NM, McLeod A, Kelton JG. Misleading hepatitis B test results due to intravenous immunoglobulin administration: implications for a clinical trial of rituximab in immune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion 2011; 50:2577-81. [PMID: 20576011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab may cause reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) even in patients with remote HBV infection. Thus, the presence of hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) was an exclusion criterion for a randomized trial of rituximab for patients with immune thrombocytopenia. A high seroprevalence of anti-HBc observed among patients screened for the trial prompted this substudy to investigate for an association between anti-HBc seropositivity and exposure to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study that was a substudy of a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS Of 24 trial participants screened at one center, 11 (45.8%) were anti-HBc positive and of those, 10 (90.0%) had received IVIG in the preceding 4 weeks. Of 13 seronegative patients screened, five (38.5%) had received IVIG (odds ratio, 16; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-166.1). Seven (70%) of 10 seropositive participants subsequently reverted to negative upon repeat testing. Serial testing before and after IVIG (n = 2) demonstrated transient anti-HBc that lasted for up to 11 weeks after the last dose of IVIG. Samples from three of five different IVIG products were found to contain anti-HBc. CONCLUSIONS Passive transfer of anti-HBc from certain IVIG products may lead to misinterpretation of hepatitis test results with implications for treatment and clinical trial eligibility. To avoid misleading test results, anti-HBc should be measured before or 3 months after IVIG administration; alternatively an IVIG product known to be free of anti-HBc should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Stramer SL, Wend U, Candotti D, Foster GA, Hollinger FB, Dodd RY, Allain JP, Gerlich W. Nucleic acid testing to detect HBV infection in blood donors. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:236-47. [PMID: 21247314 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1007644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in blood donors is achieved by screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and for antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). However, donors who are positive for HBV DNA are currently not identified during the window period before seroconversion. The current use of nucleic acid testing for detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and HBV DNA in a single triplex assay may provide additional safety. METHODS We performed nucleic acid testing on 3.7 million blood donations and further evaluated those that were HBV DNA-positive but negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc. We determined the serologic, biochemical, and molecular features of samples that were found to contain only HBV DNA and performed similar analyses of follow-up samples and samples from sexual partners of infected donors. Seronegative HIV and HCV-positive donors were also studied. RESULTS We identified 9 donors who were positive for HBV DNA (1 in 410,540 donations), including 6 samples from donors who had received the HBV vaccine, in whom subclinical infection had developed and resolved. Of the HBV DNA-positive donors, 4 probably acquired HBV infection from a chronically infected sexual partner. Clinically significant liver injury developed in 2 unvaccinated donors. In 5 of the 6 vaccinated donors, a non-A genotype was identified as the dominant strain, whereas subgenotype A2 (represented in the HBV vaccine) was the dominant strain in unvaccinated donors. Of 75 reactive nucleic acid test results identified in seronegative blood donations, 26 (9 HBV, 15 HCV, and 2 HIV) were confirmed as positive. CONCLUSIONS Triplex nucleic acid testing detected potentially infectious HBV, along with HIV and HCV, during the window period before seroconversion. HBV vaccination appeared to be protective, with a breakthrough subclinical infection occurring with non-A2 HBV subgenotypes and causing clinically inconsequential outcomes. (Funded by the American Red Cross and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Support Office, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.
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Custer B, Agapova M, Martinez RH. The cost-effectiveness of pathogen reduction technology as assessed using a multiple risk reduction model. Transfusion 2010; 50:2461-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O'Brien SF, Fan W, Xi G, Yi QL, Goldman M. Evaluation of the confidential unit exclusion form: the Canadian Blood Services experience. Vox Sang 2009; 98:138-44. [PMID: 19754523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the mid-1980s, confidential unit exclusion (CUE) was implemented to permit donors unwilling to admit risk factors in screening to exclude their donation from transfusion. With changes in donor behaviour, epidemiology of disease and improvements in testing, many blood establishments have stopped using it. We evaluated its benefit in Canada, and reported its utility in predicting transmissible-disease (TD) and high-risk behaviour. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS TD-positive donations and incident cases between 2004 and 2008 were analyzed in CUE-safe and CUE-unsafe designated donations. An anonymous survey of 40,000 donors asked about CUE use and risk factors. RESULTS There were 7104 (0.15%) donations designated CUE-unsafe of 4,775,044 donations. Most TD-positive donations were designated CUE-safe (1023/1030, 99.32%) with only seven (0.68%) designated CUE-unsafe. Of 95 incident cases, all were designated CUE-safe including three NAT-yield cases (1 HIV and 2 HCV). In the survey, some donors found the CUE difficult to understand [10.5% (first-time), 3.2% (repeat)], only half thought that the blood would still be tested [48.9% (first-time), 45.9% (repeat)], and about a fifth believed that collection site staff could see their designation. No survey respondents who used the CUE admitted to risk behaviour, but about 1% of donors who designated CUE-safe had high-risk behaviours. CONCLUSION The data do not provide any indication of a safety benefit from CUE, but CUE use results in a small but constant loss of apparently safe donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F O'Brien
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada. sheila.o'
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O'Brien SF, Yi QL, Fan W, Fearon MA, Scalia V, Goldman M. Impact of a policy to permit the return of donors repeat-reactive to the Abbott PRISM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen assay. Transfusion 2009; 49:271-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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