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De S, Sharma G, Bhattacherjee R, Mandal U, Banerjee D, Suman DS. Life table, survival, and fecundity parameters of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) strains from desert and coastal regions of India. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Abd El-Wahab EW, Elfiky KSR, Ghanem MA, Shatat HZ. Assessment of dengue virus threat to blood safety and community health: A single center study in northern Egypt. J Virus Erad 2022; 8:100077. [PMID: 35795869 PMCID: PMC9251716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of transfusion transmitted dengue (DENV) is increasingly recognized and poses a risk to blood safety as well as spreading into non-immune communities. Objectives To determine dengue serological profile, environmental risk, knowledge, and preventive measures among blood donors in a national blood bank in northern Egypt. Methods A total of 500 blood donors were enrolled into this study between June and September 2018. Socio-demographic and medical data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Blood samples were screened for anti-DENV IgM, anti-DENV IgG and non-structural protein 1 antigen (DENV-NS1 antigen). Results History of past dengue exposure was identified in 10.2% of blood donors. No samples (0.0%) tested positive for anti-DENV IgG, IgM or NS1 antigen. At the time of blood donation, no individuals had any symptoms suggestive of a dengue-related illness. Dengue exposure strongly correlated with travel to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Sudan and the El-Quseir outbreak area in Egypt. Knowledge of dengue and prevention methods was found to be substantially deficient, and the relatively higher level of knowledge among exposed donors did not translate into appropriate preventative measures. Conclusions Our risk assessment shows the impact of travel on DENV exposure and highlights its potential threat to disease spread in Egypt. Dengue awareness programs are urgently needed for effective prevention of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram W Abd El-Wahab
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Karima S R Elfiky
- Fellow of Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.,Specialist at Kafr El-Dawar Public Hospital Blood Bank, Behira, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ghanem
- Director of Kafr El-Dawar Public Hospital Blood Bank, Behira, Egypt
| | - Hanan Z Shatat
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Tchuandom SB, Lissom A, Ateba GHM, Tchouangueu TF, Tchakounte C, Ayuk AR, Atabonkeng EP, Ngong AI, Nchinda G, Kuiate JR. Dengue virus serological markers among potential blood donors: an evidence of asymptomatic dengue virus transmission in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:185. [PMID: 32952829 PMCID: PMC7467628 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.185.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the risk of dengue virus or its antibodies which can be transmitted through blood transfusion by asymptomatic individuals infected, has been a major concern all over the world. Dengue is an endemic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of dengue virus (DENV) infection among potential blood donors at Yaounde Jamot Hospital. Methods serum samples were collected from 310 potential adult blood donors aged 18-57 years, who signed a written informed consent and completed the questionnaire between March 2019 and August 2019. This serum is used to screen for the presence of serological markers of DENV infection (NS1, IgM and IgG) using immunochromatographic tests (Zhuhai Encode Medical Engineering Co., Ltd, China). IgM/IgG positive samples were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results the overall prevalence was 24.8% among potential blood donors were subdivided as follows: 4.5% (14/310), 12.3% (38/310) and 6.1% (19/310) showed mono-positivity to DENV-NS1 antigen, anti-DENV IgM and anti-DENV IgG antibodies respectively. 1.9% (6/310) of potential blood donors showed dual positivity to anti-DENV IgM antibodies and anti-DENV IgG antibodies. The presence of DENV-NS1 antigen show asymptomatic viremia of dengue at the time of donation, while the presence of IgG antibodies reflects the high endemicity of dengue disease in the city of Yaoundé. Conclusion these findings demonstrate the high level of risk of the DENV transmission among potential blood donors to needy recipients, underscoring the importance of establishing dengue fever blood screening in different services and blood collection units in Cameroon to improve safety transfusion and control the dissemination of the DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Bonsi Tchuandom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Public School of Medical Laboratory Technicians, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abel Lissom
- Laboratory of Vaccinology/Biobanking, CIRCB, Melen-Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Vaccinology/Biobanking, CIRCB, Melen-Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Ankiambom Innocent Ngong
- Public School of Medical Laboratory Technicians, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Godwin Nchinda
- Laboratory of Vaccinology/Biobanking, CIRCB, Melen-Yaoundé, Cameroon
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4
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Sharp TM, Fisher TG, Long K, Coulson G, Medina FA, Herzig C, Koza MB, Muñoz-Jordán J, Paz-Bailey G, Moore Z, Williams C. Laboratory-Acquired Dengue Virus Infection, United States, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1534-1537. [PMID: 32568040 PMCID: PMC7323529 DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.191598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of a dengue case in a laboratory worker in North Carolina, USA, revealed that the case-patient prepared high-titer dengue virus stocks soon before illness onset. Improper doffing of gloves with an open finger wound likely resulted in cutaneous exposure. This case reinforces recommendations for enhanced precautions when working with high-titer dengue virus.
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5
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Higuera A, Ramírez JD. Molecular epidemiology of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya arboviruses: An update. Acta Trop 2019; 190:99-111. [PMID: 30444971 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are a group of viruses transmitted by arthropods. They are characterized by a wide geographic distribution, which is associated with the presence of the vector, and cause asymptomatic infections or febrile diseases in humans in both enzootic and urban cycles. Recent reports of human infections caused by viruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya have raised concern regarding public health, and have led to the re-evaluation of surveillance mechanisms and measures to control the transmission of these arboviruses. Viruses such as Mayaro and Usutu are not currently responsible for a high number of symptomatic infections in humans, but should remain under epidemiological surveillance to avoid the emergence of new epidemics, as happened with Zika virus, that are associated with new or more severe symptoms. Additionally, significant variation has been observed in these viruses, giving rise to different lineages. Until recently, the emergence of new lineages has primarily been related to geographical distribution and dispersion, allowing us to ascertain the possible origins and direction of expansion of each virus type, and to make predictions regarding regions where active infections in humans are likely to occur. Therefore, this review is focused on untangling the molecular epidemiology of Dengue, Yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya due to their recent epidemics in Latinamerica but provides an update on the geographical distribution globally of these viral variants, and outlines the need for further understanding of the genotypes/lineages assignment.
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7
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Aubry M, Laughhunn A, Santa Maria F, Lanteri MC, Stassinopoulos A, Musso D. Pathogen inactivation of Dengue virus in red blood cells using amustaline and glutathione. Transfusion 2017; 57:2888-2896. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aubry
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | | | | | - Marion C. Lanteri
- Scientific Affairs Department; Cerus Corporation; Concord California
| | | | - Didier Musso
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti, Polynésie Française
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8
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Neutralization Assay for Zika and Dengue Viruses by Use of Real-Time-PCR-Based Endpoint Assessment. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:3104-3112. [PMID: 28794181 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00673-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread and infective complications of Zika virus (ZKV) and dengue virus (DENV) have made them flaviviruses of public health concern. Serological diagnosis can be challenging due to antibody cross-reactivity, particularly in secondary flavivirus infections or when there is a history of flavivirus vaccination. The virus neutralization assay is considered to be the most specific assay for measurement of anti-flavivirus antibodies. This study describes an assay where the neutralization endpoint is measured by real-time PCR, providing results within 72 h. It demonstrated 100% sensitivity (24/24 ZKV and 15/15 DENV) and 100% specificity (11/11 specimens) when testing well-characterized sera. In addition, the assay was able to determine the correct DENV serotype in 91.7% of cases. The high sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR neutralization assay makes it suitable to use as a confirmatory test for sera that are reactive in commercial IgM/IgG enzyme immunoassays. Results are objective and the PCR-based measurement of the neutralization endpoint lends itself to automation so that throughput may be increased in times of high demand.
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9
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Ashshi AM, Alghamdi S, El-Shemi AG, Almdani S, Refaat B, Mohamed AM, Ghazi HO, Azhar EI, Al-Allaf FA. Seroprevalence of Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infection and Its Antibodies Among Healthy/Eligible Saudi Blood Donors: Findings From Holy Makkah City. Virology (Auckl) 2017; 8:1-5. [PMID: 28469422 PMCID: PMC5348084 DOI: 10.1177/1178122x17691261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Threat to blood transfusion-transmitted dengue virus (DENV) and its antibodies has recently emerged worldwide. Dengue fever is an endemic disease in Saudi Arabia, particularly in its Western region. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among eligible Saudi blood donors. METHODS Serum samples from 910 healthy/eligible adult male Saudi blood donors, who reside in Holy Makkah City of Saudi Arabia, were collected between March 2015 and August 2016 and screened for the detection of DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Panbio, Brisbane, QLD, Australia). RESULTS Among the tested donors, 48 (5.3%) were seropositive for DENV-NS1 antigen, whereas 50 (5.5%) and 354 (38.9%) were seropositive for anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. Seropositivity for DENV-NS1 antigen and/or anti-DENV IgM antibody among the tested donors reflects their ongoing asymptomatic viremic infectious stage with DENV during their donation time, whereas high prevalence of anti-DENV IgG seropositivity reflects the high endemicity of dengue disease in this region of Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSIONS These results show high prevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among Saudi blood donors, raising the importance of establishing blood screening for dengue disease at different blood donation services and units in Saudi Arabia to improve the guarantee of blood transfusions and to control DENV dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Ashshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel G El-Shemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sabir Almdani
- Immunology Unit, Regional Laboratory of Holy Makkah, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr M Mohamed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hani O Ghazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Al-Allaf
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Bierlaire D, Mauguin S, Broult J, Musso D. Zika virus and blood transfusion: the experience of French Polynesia. Transfusion 2017; 57:729-733. [PMID: 28185278 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between October 2013 and March 2014, French Polynesia experienced the largest Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak ever described before the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas in 2015. As arbovirus transfusion-transmitted (TT) infections have been previously reported, we hypothesized that transfusion of blood products could also transmit ZIKV. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Mitigation strategies to prevent ZIKV-TT infections included nonspecific measures and the implementation of a laboratory developed ZIKV-specific nucleic acid testing (NAT) assay. Donor sera were tested in pools of 3 and constitutive sera of ZIKV-reactive pools were tested individually. Donor sera were tested prospectively and retrospectively. A posttransfusion follow-up of a patient transfused with ZIKV RNA-reactive blood products was implemented. RESULTS NAT detected 42 blood donor sera as ZIKV RNA reactive of 1505 tested (2.8%). Thirty ZIKV RNA-reactive blood products collected before the implementation of NAT were transfused to 26 recipients. Posttransfusion investigations were conducted by the hemovigilance unit and data were available for 12 recipients. Symptomatic ZIKV-TT infections were not reported. CONCLUSION Predonation screening of blood donors, postdonation information, products discard, and quarantine of blood products were not effective enough to prevent transfusion of ZIKV RNA-reactive blood products. ZIKV NAT was an effective measure once implemented to prevent transfusion of ZIKV RNA-reactive blood products but it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of this measure to prevent ZIKV-TT infection, which is a rare event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julien Broult
- French Polynesian Blood Bank, Hôpital du Taaone, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Didier Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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11
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Laughhunn A, Santa Maria F, Broult J, Lanteri MC, Stassinopoulos A, Musso D, Aubry M. Amustaline (S-303) treatment inactivates high levels of Zika virus in red blood cell components. Transfusion 2017; 57:779-789. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julien Broult
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine de la Polynésie Française, Hôpital du Taaone
| | | | | | - Didier Musso
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti Polynésie Française
| | - Maite Aubry
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti Polynésie Française
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12
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Musso D, Broult J, Bierlaire D, Lanteri MC, Aubry M. Prevention of transfusion-transmitted Zika virus in French Polynesia, nucleic acid testing versus pathogen inactivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Musso
- Pôle de recherche et de veille sur les maladies infectieuses émergentes; Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti Polynésie Française
| | - J. Broult
- Centre de transfusion sanguine; Hôpital du Taaone; Tahiti Polynésie Française
| | - D. Bierlaire
- Unité d'hémovigilence; Hôpital du Taaone; Tahiti Polynésie Française
| | | | - M. Aubry
- Pôle de recherche et de veille sur les maladies infectieuses émergentes; Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti Polynésie Française
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13
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Tezuka K, Kuramitsu M, Okuma K, Nojima K, Araki K, Shinohara N, Matsumoto C, Satake M, Takasaki T, Saijo M, Kurane I, Hamaguchi I. Development of a novel dengue virus serotype-specific multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for blood screening. Transfusion 2016; 56:3094-3100. [PMID: 27774649 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is caused by four related RNA viruses of the genus Flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV)-1, -2, -3, and -4, which are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. Although DENV is not endemic in Japan, an autochthonous dengue outbreak occurred in 2014. Several transfusion-transmitted cases have also been reported after the use of blood and plasma products in DENV-endemic countries. The aim of this study was to develop a novel multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for DENV blood screening. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Large-scale oligonucleotide screening was performed to obtain DENV-specific primers and probes using a variety of DENV clinical isolates. A multiplex RT-PCR assay was then developed using the identified oligonucleotides and the ability of this assay to detect DENV RNA was evaluated. RESULTS A number of oligonucleotides suitable for DENV RNA detection were identified and a novel DENV serotype-specific multiplex RT-PCR assay was successfully established. Comparative analysis revealed that the multiplex assay could detect levels of viral contamination as low as 100 viral copies/mL. CONCLUSION This established serotype-specific multiplex RT-PCR assay provides a simple, sensitive, and quantitative detection method for DENV, which could be applied in the screening of blood samples to prevent transfusion-transmitted DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tezuka
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nojima
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Araki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Shinohara
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsumoto
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Ranjan P, Natarajan V, Bajpai M, Gupta E. High Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus Infection in Blood Donors From Delhi: A Single Centre Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:DC08-DC10. [PMID: 27891337 PMCID: PMC5121675 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21262.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of transfusion transmitted dengue has been increasingly recognized. Blood donors in an endemic area like Delhi may serve as a potential vehicle for transmission of the infection. Moreover, prevalence of infection in them would be representative of the true picture of dengue in a population. AIM To determine the prevalence of dengue virus infection in blood donors in a tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 blood donors were recruited in the study after obtaining informed consent in the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi in July and August 2012. Data regarding clinical and demographic characteristics was collected using a preformed questionnaire. Blood samples obtained were subjected to anti-dengue IgM and IgG ELISA as well as semi-nested Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for dengue RNA. RESULTS Of the study subjects, most were men (97%) with a median age of 28 years (range 19-51 years). Anti-dengue IgG was positive in 116 cases (58%) while IgM was seen in 27cases (13.5%). Of them, in 25 (12.5%) cases both IgG and IgM were positive, while only two (1%) cases tested positive for IgM alone. None of the blood donors were found to be viremic on screening using Nested RT-PCR. A clear increase of IgG seroprevalence with age was evident. No difference in the seroprevalence rates in urban vs. rural areas was seen. CONCLUSION High seroprevalence of dengue infection was seen in healthy asymptomatic blood donors. Though evidence of acute infection was found in some, none were found to be viremic. Larger studies are required to quantify the risk and provide strong evidence for policies to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Ranjan
- Senior Resident, Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidhya Natarajan
- Research Student, Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Bajpai
- Additional Professor, Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Additional Professor, Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genus Flavivirus and the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV was first isolated from a nonhuman primate in 1947 and from mosquitoes in 1948 in Africa, and ZIKV infections in humans were sporadic for half a century before emerging in the Pacific and the Americas. ZIKV is usually transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The clinical presentation of Zika fever is nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, especially those due to arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya. ZIKV infection was associated with only mild illness prior to the large French Polynesian outbreak in 2013 and 2014, when severe neurological complications were reported, and the emergence in Brazil of a dramatic increase in severe congenital malformations (microcephaly) suspected to be associated with ZIKV. Laboratory diagnosis of Zika fever relies on virus isolation or detection of ZIKV-specific RNA. Serological diagnosis is complicated by cross-reactivity among members of the Flavivirus genus. The adaptation of ZIKV to an urban cycle involving humans and domestic mosquito vectors in tropical areas where dengue is endemic suggests that the incidence of ZIKV infections may be underestimated. There is a high potential for ZIKV emergence in urban centers in the tropics that are infested with competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Duane J Gubler
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Partnership for Dengue Control, Lyon, France
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16
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Wong SSY, Poon RWS, Wong SCY. Zika virus infection-the next wave after dengue? J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:226-42. [PMID: 26965962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus was initially discovered in east Africa about 70 years ago and remained a neglected arboviral disease in Africa and Southeast Asia. The virus first came into the limelight in 2007 when it caused an outbreak in Micronesia. In the ensuing decade, it spread widely in other Pacific islands, after which its incursion into Brazil in 2015 led to a widespread epidemic in Latin America. In most infected patients the disease is relatively benign. Serious complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital infection which may lead to microcephaly and maculopathy. Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors, in particular, Ae. aegypti. Ae. albopictus is another potential vector. Since the competent mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in most tropical and subtropical countries, introduction of the virus to these areas could readily result in endemic transmission of the disease. The priorities of control include reinforcing education of travellers to and residents of endemic areas, preventing further local transmission by vectors, and an integrated vector management programme. The container habitats of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus means engagement of the community and citizens is of utmost importance to the success of vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Sai-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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17
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Matos D, Tomashek KM, Perez-Padilla J, Muñoz-Jordán J, Hunsperger E, Horiuchi K, Noyd D, Winton C, Foster G, Lanteri M, Linnen JM, Stramer SL. Probable and possible transfusion-transmitted dengue associated with NS1 antigen-negative but RNA confirmed-positive red blood cells. Transfusion 2015; 56:215-22. [PMID: 26469514 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of active blood donation screening, dengue viruses (DENV) have been implicated in only a limited number of transfusion transmissions worldwide. This study attempted to identify if blood from donors testing negative by an NS1-antigen (Ag) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but confirmed positive for DENV RNA caused DENV-related disease in recipients during the epidemic years of 2010 to 2012 in Puerto Rico. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Donation aliquots testing negative by an investigational NS1-Ag ELISA were stored frozen and retested retrospectively using a research transcription-mediated amplification assay (TMA) detecting DENV RNA. All RNA-reactive donations were subject to confirmatory RNA and antibody testing. Recipient tracing was conducted for all components manufactured from TMA-reactive components. Medical chart review, recipient interview, and follow-up sampling occurred for 42 recipients transfused with TMA-reactive components. RESULTS Six of 42 recipients developed new-onset fever in the 2 weeks posttransfusion; three (50%) received RNA confirmed-positive, NS1-Ag-negative red blood cell (RBC) units. One recipient of a high-titer unit (7 × 10(7) DENV-4 RNA copies/mL) developed severe dengue, and a second recipient had only fever recorded but had a negative sepsis work-up. New fever attributable to DENV infection in a third recipient was confounded by fever potentially attributable to posttransfusion sepsis. CONCLUSIONS In our retrospective study, NS1-Ag detected 20% of all RNA confirmed-positive donations demonstrating limitations of NS1-Ag ELISA for blood donation screening. We identified one recipient with a clinical syndrome compatible with severe dengue who had received an NS1-Ag-negative but RNA confirmed-positive RBC unit. This investigation illustrates the difficulty in confirming transfusion transmission in dengue-endemic areas among severely ill transfusion recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay M Tomashek
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Janice Perez-Padilla
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Muñoz-Jordán
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kalanthe Horiuchi
- Division of Vector-Borne Disease Information Technology Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - David Noyd
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Colleen Winton
- American Red Cross Scientific Support Office, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Gregory Foster
- American Red Cross Scientific Support Office, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Marion Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Susan L Stramer
- American Red Cross Scientific Support Office, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The transfusion of blood components plays a significant role as supportive therapy in the treatment of patients with cancer. Although blood transfusions help manage complications arising from either the patient's primary condition or associated with therapeutic intervention, their use introduces a new set of risks; therefore, health care professionals must be aware of the potential morbidity introduced by using blood components and endeavor to optimize outcomes by ordering transfusions only when the benefits outweigh the inherent risks. METHODS This article sought to review the published literature, including the epidemiology of diseases transmissible via transfusion, performance characteristics for assays used for blood donor screening, surveillance activities to detect newly emergent pathogens, and biovigilance activities reported by public health authorities. RESULTS Effective measures have been implemented to significantly decrease the risk of transmissible diseases associated with transfusion. Reports of viral disease transmitted via transfusion have been nearly eliminated, particularly since the introduction of molecular-based detection technology. The transmission of bacteria and parasites still represents a threat to the use of cellular blood components. Transfusion-associated human prion disease has not been reported in the United States. Immune-mediated reactions due to donor-recipient incompatibility remain a challenge. CONCLUSIONS Transmissible agents most commonly associated with risks due to transfusion are no longer a major threat; however, a significant challenge remains with regard to addressing the need for quick response mechanisms to manage emerging pathogens with the potential for rapid spread, either unintentionally (eg, globalization) or intentionally (eg, bioterrorism). The use of technology to reduce pathogens holds promise for further increasing the safety profile of blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- German F Leparc
- OneBlood, 10100 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Steet North, St Petersburg, FL 33716, USA
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19
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Dodd RY, Foster GA, Stramer SL. Keeping Blood Transfusion Safe From West Nile Virus: American Red Cross Experience, 2003 to 2012. Transfus Med Rev 2015; 29:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Pozzetto B, Memmi M, Garraud O. Is transfusion-transmitted dengue fever a potential public health threat? World J Virol 2015; 4:113-123. [PMID: 25964876 PMCID: PMC4419115 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arboviruses due to single-stranded enveloped ribonucleic acid viruses, named dengue viruses (DENV), that include four serotypes and are mainly transmitted via the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (A. aegypti and A. albopictus). The distribution of the disease was historically limited to intertropical areas; however, during the last thirty years, the perimeter of the disease extended considerably and temperate areas are now at risk of outbreaks. The present global burden of dengue is considerable: 2.5 billion people over more than 100 countries are concerned; 50 to 100 million infections occur every year, with a number of fatal cases of approximately 20000. Although frequently asymptomatic or limited to a mild fever, dengue is responsible for severe cases mainly consecutive to the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications that can lead to shock and death, notably in children from poor-resource settings. The place of DENV as a transfusion-transmitted pathogen has been recognized only in 2008. At the present time, only five cases of transfusion-transmitted dengue, including one case of dengue hemorrhagic fever, have been formerly documented. This review provides a general overview of dengue, its viruses and their vectors. It replaces the disease in the context of other viral diseases transmitted by arthropods. It discusses the threat of dengue on the supply of blood products in endemic and non endemic areas. Finally, it describes the specific and non specific measures available for improving the security of blood products with regards to this emerging risk. Interestingly, in 2009, the American Association of Blood Banks placed DENV in the highest category of emerging infectious agents for their potential impact on transfusion recipient safety for the next years in North America.
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21
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Oh HB, Muthu V, Daruwalla ZJ, Lee SY, Koay ES, Tambyah PA. Bitten by a bug or a bag? Transfusion-transmitted dengue: a rare complication in the bleeding surgical patient. Transfusion 2015; 55:1655-61. [PMID: 25728040 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-borne infections remain a risk of blood transfusions. While routine screening of donated blood products has greatly reduced the risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C transmission, arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and the West Nile virus remain significant risks especially during outbreaks. CASE REPORT We report a rare case of dengue documented to be acquired through a blood transfusion, which resulted in severe thrombocytopenia prolonging admission in hospital in a neurosurgical patient. RESULTS The donor of one of the units of red blood cells presented with dengue fever 2 days after donating. Sanger sequencing confirmed DENV-2 (dengue virus, Serotype 2) in both the donor and the patient samples and showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity between the two viruses, confirming transfusion-transmitted dengue infection. CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of arboviral screening of donor blood, especially for populations in endemic areas during outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Tambyah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National University Health System, Singapore
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22
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Serodetection of Dengue virus and its antibodies among blood donors in the western region of Saudi Arabia: a preliminary study. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:135-8. [PMID: 25369603 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0134-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Paul AM, Shi Y, Acharya D, Douglas JR, Cooley A, Anderson JF, Huang F, Bai F. Delivery of antiviral small interfering RNA with gold nanoparticles inhibits dengue virus infection in vitro. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1712-1722. [PMID: 24828333 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection in humans can cause flu-like illness, life-threatening haemorrhagic fever or even death. There is no specific anti-DENV therapeutic or approved vaccine currently available, partially due to the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement reaction. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target specific viral genes are considered a promising therapeutic alternative against DENV infection. However, in vivo, siRNAs are vulnerable to degradation by serum nucleases and rapid renal excretion due to their small size and anionic character. To enhance siRNA delivery and stability, we complexed anti-DENV siRNAs with biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and tested them in vitro. We found that cationic AuNP-siRNA complexes could enter Vero cells and significantly reduce DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) replication and infectious virion release under both pre- and post-infection conditions. In addition, RNase-treated AuNP-siRNA complexes could still inhibit DENV-2 replication, suggesting that AuNPs maintained siRNA stability. Collectively, these results demonstrated that AuNPs were able to efficiently deliver siRNAs and control infection in vitro, indicating a novel anti-DENV strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Yongliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Dhiraj Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Jessica R Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Amanda Cooley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - John F Anderson
- Department of Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Faqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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24
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Musso D, Nhan T, Robin E, Roche C, Bierlaire D, Zisou K, Shan Yan A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Broult J. Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 24739982 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.14.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since October 2013, French Polynesia has experienced the largest documented outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKAV) infection. To prevent transmission of ZIKAV by blood transfusion, specific nucleic acid testing of blood donors was implemented. From November 2013 to February 2014: 42 (3%) of 1,505 blood donors, although asymptomatic at the time of blood donation, were found positive for ZIKAV by PCR. Our results serve to alert blood safety authorities about the risk of post-transfusion Zika fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malarde, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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25
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Burnouf T, Chou ML, Cheng LH, Li ZR, Wu YW, El-Ekiaby M, Tsai KH. Dengue virus inactivation by minipool TnBP/Triton X-45 treatment of plasma and cryoprecipitate. Vox Sang 2012; 104:1-6. [PMID: 22758375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A minipool solvent/detergent (S/D; 1% TnBP/1% Triton X-45; 31°C) process was developed for viral inactivation of plasma and cryoprecipitate used for transfusion. The goal of this study was to determine the rate and extent of inactivation of dengue virus (DENV) during this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS DENV-1 was propagated using C6/36 mosquito cells to an infectivity titre close to 9 log and spiked (10% v/v) into individual plasma and cryoprecipitate samples from two distinct donors. Samples were taken right after spiking and during viral inactivation treatment by 1% TnBP-1% Triton X-45 at 31°C. DENV-1 infectivity was assessed on Vero E6 cells by a focus-forming assay (FFA). Culture medium and complement-inactivated plasma were used as experimental controls. Experiments were done in duplicate. RESULTS DENV-1 infectivity was 7·5 log in spiked plasma and 7·1 and 7·3 log in spiked cryoprecipitate. There was no loss of DENV-1 infectivity in the spiked materials, nor in the controls not subjected to S/D treatment. No infectivity was found in plasma and cryoprecipitate subjected to S/D treatment at the first time-point evaluated (10 min). CONCLUSION DENV-1 was strongly inactivated in plasma and cryoprecipitate, respectively, within 10 min of 1% TnBP/1% Triton X-45 treatment at 31°C. These data provide a reassurance of the safety of such S/D-treated plasma and cryoprecipitate with regard to the risk of transmission of all DENV serotypes and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Burnouf
- Human Protein Process Sciences, Lille, France
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26
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Pérez-Guerra CL, Rodríguez-Acosta RL, Soto-Gómez E, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Peña-Orellana M, Santiago LM, Rivera R, Cruz RR, Ramírez V, Tomashek KM, Dayan G. Assessing the interest to participate in a dengue vaccine efficacy trial among residents of Puerto Rico. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:905-15. [PMID: 22832259 DOI: 10.4161/hv.20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, endemic in Puerto Rico, is a major public health problem. Vaccines are thought the best means to prevent dengue because vector control alone has been largely ineffective. We implemented qualitative studies in 2006 and 2010 to determine the acceptability of conducting placebo-controlled dengue vaccine efficacy trials in Puerto Rican children. Key informant interviews and focus groups with parents and children were conducted in municipalities with high dengue incidence. We used structured open-ended questions to determine motivators and attitudes regarding vaccine trial participation. Knowledge about dengue risk and prevention, and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding vaccines and vaccine trials were assessed. Using grounded theory, we conducted content analysis and established categories and sub-categories of participant responses. All participants were knowledgeable about dengue prevention and perceived children as most affected age groups. Participants were aware of vaccines benefits and they thought a vaccine could prevent dengue. However, most would not allow their children to participate in a placebo-controlled vaccine trial. Barriers included lack of trust in new vaccines and vaccine trial procedures; fear of developing dengue or side effects from the vaccine and lack of information about candidate dengue vaccines. Participants thought information, including results of previous trials might overcome barriers to participation. Motivators for participation were altruism, protection from dengue, free medical attention, and compensation for transportation and participation. Parents would consider children participation if accurate vaccine trial information is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Pérez-Guerra
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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27
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Stramer SL, Linnen JM, Carrick JM, Foster GA, Krysztof DE, Zou S, Dodd RY, Tirado-Marrero LM, Hunsperger E, Santiago GA, Muñoz-Jordan JL, Tomashek KM. Dengue viremia in blood donors identified by RNA and detection of dengue transfusion transmission during the 2007 dengue outbreak in Puerto Rico. Transfusion 2012; 52:1657-66. [PMID: 22339201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007, a total of 10,508 suspected dengue cases were reported in Puerto Rico. Blood donations were tested for dengue virus (DENV) RNA and recipients of RNA-positive donations traced to assess transfusion transmission. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Blood donation samples from 2007 were maintained in a repository and tested individually for DENV RNA by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA); a subset was further tested by an enhanced TMA (eTMA) assay. TMA-reactive samples were considered confirmed if TMA (including eTMA) was repeat reactive (RR). All TMA-RR samples were tested by quantitative, DENV type-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for anti-DENV immunoglobulin (Ig)M by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples positive by RT-PCR were further tested for infectivity in mosquito cell culture. Patients receiving components from TMA-RR donations were followed. RESULTS Of 15,350 donation samples tested, 29 were TMA-RR for a prevalence of 1 per 529 (0.19%). DENV Types 1, 2, and 3 with viral titers of 10(5) to 10(9) copies/mL were detected by RT-PCR in 12 samples of which all were infectious in mosquito culture. Six TMA-RR samples were IgM positive. Three of the 29 recipients receiving TMA-RR donations were tested. One recipient in Puerto Rico transfused with red blood cells containing 10(8) copies/mL DENV-2 became febrile 3 days posttransfusion and developed dengue hemorrhagic fever. The recipient was DENV-2 RNA positive by RT-PCR; both the donor and the recipient viruses had identical envelope sequences. CONCLUSIONS High rates of viremia were detected in blood donors in Puerto Rico coupled with the first documented transfusion transmission of severe dengue disease, suggesting that further research on interventions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Support Office, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA.
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28
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Petersen LR, Tomashek KM, Biggerstaff BJ. Estimated prevalence of dengue viremia in Puerto Rican blood donations, 1995 through 2010. Transfusion 2012; 52:1647-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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