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Jambou D, Saut N, Queyrel V, Appert-Flory A, Fischer F, Suchon P, De Pooter N, Toulon P. F2c.*C20209T mutation in patients with a history of thrombosis: A case report, retrospective 2 site-results and review of the literature. Int J Lab Hematol 2024. [PMID: 38975952 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G20210A (c.*97G>A) prothrombin gene variant, found in white population has been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Other rare polymorphisms in F2 gene (C20209T) have been reported, more rare and touching black people, but its potential association with VTE remain uncertain. METHODS About a 69 years-old Caucasian woman presenting an unprovoked deep venous thrombosis of the leg, we analyzed retrospectively 25.000 thrombophilia tests on a 11-year period of time (2007-2018), at Nice and Marseille University Hospitals, and performed extensive review of the literature. RESULTS Genetic determination included a similar PCR protocol and sequencing. Twenty-one heterozygous cases out of 25.585 determinations (0.08%) was found. The C20209T mutation detected in our Caucasian patient is rare, with a frequency that differed from what was reported in the previous literature, mainly in non-Caucasian patients (Africans, Africans-Americans, and Caribbeans). One hundred and thirteen patients with this mutation have been described in the literature, of which only one homozygous. CONCLUSION This study is the most important on C20209T mutation performed at present, allowing to precise its frequency and its potential role in venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Jambou
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Noemie Saut
- Service d'Hématologie biologique, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Viviane Queyrel
- Service de Rhumatologie, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Anny Appert-Flory
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Florence Fischer
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Suchon
- Service d'Hématologie biologique, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Neila De Pooter
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Toulon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
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Jourdi G, Lobies S, Kosmider O, Duchemin J, Audureau E, Conard J, Mazoyer E, Horellou MH, Gouin-Thibault I, Flaujac C, Fontenay M. Coagulation Characterization of Prothrombin 20209C > T Variant: About 27 New Cases. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:246-249. [PMID: 32932543 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jourdi
- AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM U1140, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lobies
- AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Duchemin
- AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Audureau
- Unité fonctionnelle d'épidémiologie et de biostatistiques, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Gouin-Thibault
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, CIC-INSERM 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Flaujac
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Michaëla Fontenay
- AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Alvarez SI, Ollero EB, Llinares Sanjuan FM, Martínez FL, Calvo Martín MT. A deep vein thrombosis caused by 20209C>T mutation in homozygosis of the prothrombin gene in a Caucasian patient. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:159-66. [PMID: 24627725 PMCID: PMC3936973 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2014.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Additional nucleotide substitutions in the 3′-untranslated region of prothrombin gene could explain some thrombotic events and also adverse pregnancy outcomes. We describe the first case of a homozygous 20209C>T mutation as the cause of deep vein thrombosis in a Spanish patient. Case and methods: The 56-year-old male patient with a partial tear of the Achilles tendon developed calf (tibial) deep vein thrombosis after immobilization and was treated with an anticoagulant. To determine if the deep vein thrombosis was of genetic origin, a peripheral blood DNA sample was analysed for the presence of the three most frequent mutations associated with thrombotic events: factor V Leiden (1691G>A), prothrombin (20210G>A) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (677C>T). The presence or absence of the normal allele of prothrombin could not be determined using the PTH-FV-MTHFR StripAssay (Vienna Lab). Results: Comprehensive analysis showed that the patient had a variant interfering with the polymerase chain reaction product, we sequenced the entire prothrombin gene and found that the patient had a homozygous C>T mutation at position 20209; this interfered with the polymerase chain reaction product, which needs a C at this position to be able to bind to the wild-type probe present in the test strip. Conclusion: The homozygous 20209C>T mutation and the presence of the mutation 677C>T in heterozygosity explained the patient’s deep vein thrombosis because the combination of mutations would increase the risk of thrombosis. Suitable genetic counselling should be provided to the patient and first-degree relatives as it important to detect prothrombin gene variants that could increase risk for thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Izquierdo Alvarez
- Sección de Genética, Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Barrio Ollero
- Sección de Genética, Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain ; Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Fabiola Lorente Martínez
- Sección de Genética, Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Calvo Martín
- Sección de Genética, Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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C20209T prothrombin gene mutation associated deep venous thrombosis in a hemodialysis patient. Clin Nephrol Case Stud 2014; 2:1-4. [PMID: 29043121 PMCID: PMC5437991 DOI: 10.5414/cncs107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents the formation of a blood clot in one of the deep veins of human body. The significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with VTE have spurred increasing investigations seeking to identify causative factors for this complex condition. While the most frequent causes of an inherited hypercoagulable state are the Factor V Leiden mutation and the prothrombin gene mutation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis has helped to identify other rare causes of inherited VTE. We report a case of a recurrent deep venous thrombosis in an end-stage renal disease patient. All laboratory tests for hypercoagulable states were normal. However, PCR analysis detected a rare polymorphism of prothrombin gene mutation at position C20209T, instead of G20210A. The patient was treated successfully with a high dose of warfarin to maintain adequate anti-coagulation during the 2-year follow-up.
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Gong Q, Stump MR, Dunn AR, Deng V, Zhou Z. Alternative splicing and polyadenylation contribute to the generation of hERG1 C-terminal isoforms. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32233-41. [PMID: 20693282 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.095695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel. Several hERG1 isoforms with different N- and C-terminal ends have been identified. The hERG1a, hERG1b, and hERG1-3.1 isoforms contain the full-length C terminus, whereas the hERG1(USO) isoforms, hERG1a(USO) and hERG1b(USO), lack most of the C-terminal domain and contain a unique C-terminal end. The mechanisms underlying the generation of hERG1(USO) isoforms are not understood. We show that hERG1 isoforms with different C-terminal ends are generated by alternative splicing and polyadenylation of hERG1 pre-mRNA. We identified an intrinsically weak, noncanonical poly(A) signal, AGUAAA, within intron 9 of hERG1 that modulates the expression of hERG1a and hERG1a(USO). Replacing AGUAAA with the strong, canonical poly(A) signal AAUAAA resulted in the predominant production of hERG1a(USO) and a marked decrease in hERG1 current. In contrast, eliminating the intron 9 poly(A) signal or increasing the strength of 5' splice site led to the predominant production of hERG1a and a significant increase in hERG1 current. We found significant variation in the relative abundance of hERG1 C-terminal isoforms in different human tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest that post-transcriptional regulation of hERG1 pre-mRNA may represent a novel mechanism to modulate the expression and function of hERG1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Gong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Warshawsky I, Makkar V, Rimmerman C, Kottke-Marchant K. Prothrombin 20209C>T: 16 new cases, association with the 19911A>G polymorphism, and literature review. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1585-7. [PMID: 19522744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Márki-Zay J, Klein CL, Gancberg D, Schimmel HG, Dux L. European External Quality Control Study on the Competence of Laboratories to Recognize Rare Sequence Variants Resulting in Unusual Genotyping Results. Clin Chem 2009; 55:739-47. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Depending on the method used, rare sequence variants adjacent to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interest may cause unusual or erroneous genotyping results. Because such rare variants are known for many genes commonly tested in diagnostic laboratories, we organized a proficiency study to assess their influence on the accuracy of reported laboratory results.Methods: Four external quality control materials were processed and sent to 283 laboratories through 3 EQA organizers for analysis of the prothrombin 20210G>A mutation. Two of these quality control materials contained sequence variants introduced by site-directed mutagenesis.Results: One hundred eighty-nine laboratories participated in the study. When samples gave a usual result with the method applied, the error rate was 5.1%. Detailed analysis showed that more than 70% of the failures were reported from only 9 laboratories. Allele-specific amplification-based PCR had a much higher error rate than other methods (18.3% vs 2.9%). The variants 20209C>T and [20175T>G; 20179_20180delAC] resulted in unusual genotyping results in 67 and 85 laboratories, respectively. Eighty-three (54.6%) of these unusual results were not recognized, 32 (21.1%) were attributed to technical issues, and only 37 (24.3%) were recognized as another sequence variant.Conclusions: Our findings revealed that some of the participating laboratories were not able to recognize and correctly interpret unusual genotyping results caused by rare SNPs. Our study indicates that the majority of the failures could be avoided by improved training and careful selection and validation of the methods applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Márki-Zay
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Christoph L Klein
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - David Gancberg
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, Health Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heinz G Schimmel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - László Dux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- QualiCont Kht., Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
LightCycler technology combines rapid-cycle polymerase chain reaction with real-time fluorescent monitoring and melting curve analysis. Since its introduction in 1997, it is now used in many areas of molecular pathology, including oncology (solid tumors and hematopathology), inherited disease, and infectious disease. By monitoring product accumulation during rapid amplification, quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a closed-tube system is possible in 15 to 30 minutes. Furthermore, melting curve analysis of probes and/or amplicons provides genotyping and even haplotyping. Novel mutations are identified by unexpected melting temperature or curve shape changes. Melting probe designs include adjacent hybridization probes, single labeled probes, unlabeled probes, and snapback primers. High-resolution melting allows mutation scanning by detecting all heterozygous changes. This review describes the major advances throughout the last 15 years regarding LightCycler technology and its application in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lyon
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Flaujac C, Conard J, Horellou MH, Le Flem L, Samama MM. Atypical mutations of the prothrombin gene at positions 20,209 and 20,218, and a novel mutation at position 20,219. Report on 10 patients. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:1064-8. [PMID: 17461935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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