Yan L, Wang Z, Xu Z, Li Y, Tao Y, Fan C. Two hundred eight patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in china: clinical feature, prognosis, and comparison of pure and mixed forms.
Clin Cardiol 2011;
35:101-6. [PMID:
22125122 DOI:
10.1002/clc.20995]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), originally described in Japan and later in the West. Limited information is available on this disease in China.
HYPOTHESIS
This study was designed to describe clinical features and prognoses of patients with AHCM in China.
METHODS
A retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with AHCM examined at FuWai Hospital was performed. Clinical features, mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity were analyzed.
RESULTS
The 208 patients with AHCM represented 16.0% of all HCM patients. Among them, 64.4% were pure form and 35.6% were mixed form. Compared with the pure group, the mixed group had a significantly larger left atrial diameter and thicker apical thickness. One hundred ninety-nine patients had a mean follow-up of 8.0 ± 3.5 years, cardiovascular mortality was 1.0%, and annual cardiovascular mortality was 0.1%. The 2 cardiovascular deaths were both mixed form. The probability of survival was 97.0 ± 2% at 10 years. Of the patients, 17.8% had 1 or more cardiovascular events. The probability of survival without morbid events at 10 years was 77 ± 4%. Three independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity were identified: age at diagnosis ≥60 years, left atrial diameter ≥36 mm, and New York Heart Association class ≥III at baseline.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of AHCM is relatively high, and it has a benign prognosis in China. However, 17.8% of patients may develop cardiovascular events. It is important to distinguish the 2 phenotypes of AHCM; the mixed form is less common but more serious than the pure form.
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