Abusaid GH, Cheema OM, Xie T, Mercado-Young RA, Ahmad M. Real time three-dimensional echocardiography and endovascular stenting.
Echocardiography 2012;
29:E214-5. [PMID:
22639895 DOI:
10.1111/j.1540-8175.2012.01730.x]
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Abstract
A 52-year-old male with HIV and chronic renal failure presented with 2-day history of fever and chills. He had recent superior vena cava (SVC) stent placement for SVC stenosis following multiple dialysis-catheter insertions. Patient's blood cultures grew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography showed no vegetations. With high clinical suspicion, 2D transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was obtained and confirmed no endocarditis and patent stent at SVC right atrial junction; however, entire stent was not visualized. Simultaneous three-dimensional TEE provided superior views of SVC stent in cross-sectional and longitudinal planes, clearly demonstrating patent stent without vegetations, stenosis, migration, or thrombosis.
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