Risk of long-term dual antiplatelet therapy following drug-eluting stent implantation in octogenarians

Clinical efficacy of different treatments and their impacts on the quality of life of octogenarians with coronary artery disease

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) in octogenarians (age of ≥80 years) has a high risk of mortality and high medical expenses. Research shows that the prevalence of CAD is higher among octogenarians than that among younger people, but few such patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to evaluate different treatments with respect to their clinical effects and impacts on quality of life of octogenarians with CAD.

Methods:

Data of 519 octogenarians with CAD consecutively treated at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) from January 2010 to January 2016 were collected in this study. The patients were categorized into three groups based on the treatments they received: the PCI group (n = 292), CABG group (n = 110), and medical treatment group (n = 117). The followings were recorded during follow-up: clinical data, death (all-cause and cardiovascular-related), re-hospitalization time, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, and occurrence of hemorrhagic events (cerebral bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and dermal ecchymosis).

Results:

The median follow-up duration was 25.0 (25th, 75th percentile: 17.0, 55.5) months among 417 patients. The all-cause death rates (28.2% vs. 12.0% and 14.6%, respectively) and cardiovascular-related death rates (15.4% vs. 3.8% and 6.4%, respectively) were significantly higher in the medical treatment group than those in the PCI group and CABG group (all P < 0.05). The re-hospitalization rate for cardiovascular events was significantly lower in the CABG group than those in the PCI group and medical treatment group (3.8% vs. 12.8% and 14.9%, respectively) (χ² = 8.238, P = 0.018). The SAQ scores of physical limitation, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction, and disease perception were significantly higher in the PCI group and CABG group than those in the medical treatment group (all P < 0.05). No significant difference in the angina stability score was observed among the three groups (F = 3.179, P = 0.204).

Conclusion:

PCI and CABG result in reduced mortality and better quality of life in octogenarians with CAD.

Preliminary report on a cost-utility analysis of revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention for ischemic heart disease

Few socioeconomic studies have so far reported on revascularization for stable ischemic heart disease in Japan. This study aimed to validate the sensitivity of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scale for determining the pathology and medical technology to be used and to validate the application of a cost-utility analysis model. We studied 32 patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (mean age 67.9 ± 7.3 years). For HRQOL, utility and quality of life (QOL) were examined using the EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), respectively. The changes in the utility index before and after PCI were compared between the PCI and coronary angiography (CAG) groups to determine the sensitivity of the EQ-5D that was used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Additionally, to estimate the cost-utility of PCI 120 months after the procedure, we analyzed our study results and the results of previous reports using the Markov chain model. The utility index was found to improve in the PCI group (0.08 ± 0.15), whereas it decreased in the CAG group (-0.02 ± 0.11) (p = 0.049). The estimated result of the cost-utility analysis as the increase in utility above baseline level was the expected value, that is, 70,000 US$/QALY. Our findings suggest that QALY may be valid as a utility index in the clinical and economic evaluation of PCI in Japan.

Comparison of coronary DES and BMS in octogenarians: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

Uncertainty exists regarding the relative performance of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) in octogenarians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We undertook a meta-analysis to assess outcomes for DES and BMS in octogenarians undergoing PCI.

Methods

Electronic data bases of PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched. We included randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies comparing DES and BMS in octogenarians receiving PCI. The methodological qualities of eligible trials were assessed using a “risk of bias” tool. The endpoints included all-cause death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), major bleeding, and stent thrombosis (ST). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each endpoint.

Results

A total of one RCT and six observational studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. All trials were of acceptable quality. At 30 days, compared with DES-treated patients, BMS-treated patients had a higher incidence of mortality (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.10–13.91; P = 0.03). The OR for MACE (1.52, 95% CI: 0.56–4.17; P = 0.13), MI (0.81, 95% CI: 0.37–2.17; P = 0.23), TVR (0.75, 95% CI: 0.17–3.41; P = 0.41), major bleeding (0.77, 95% CI: 0.35–1.68; P = 0.43), and ST (1.44, 95% CI: 0.32–6.45; P = 0.33) did not reach statistical significance. At one year follow-up, the OR did not favor BMS over MACE (MACE, defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and TVR) (1.87; 95% CI: 1.22–2.87; P < 0.01), MI (1.91, 95% CI: 1.22–2.99; P < 0.01), TVR (3.08, 95% CI: 1.80–5.26; P < 0.01) and ST (3.37, 95% CI: 1.12–10.13; P < 0.01). The OR for mortality (1.51; 95% CI: 0.92–2.47; P = 0.10) and major bleeding (0.85, 95% CI: 0.47–1.55; P = 0.60) did not reach statistical significance. At > 1 year follow-up, the OR for all endpoints, including mortality, MACE, MI, TVR, major bleeding, and ST, did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggests that DES is associated with favorable outcomes as compared with BMS in octogenarians receiving PCI.