1
|
Dvir D, Bourguignon T, Otto CM, Hahn RT, Rosenhek R, Webb JG, Treede H, Sarano ME, Feldman T, Wijeysundera HC, Topilsky Y, Aupart M, Reardon MJ, Mackensen GB, Szeto WY, Kornowski R, Gammie JS, Yoganathan AP, Arbel Y, Borger MA, Simonato M, Reisman M, Makkar RR, Abizaid A, McCabe JM, Dahle G, Aldea GS, Leipsic J, Pibarot P, Moat NE, Mack MJ, Kappetein AP, Leon MB. Standardized Definition of Structural Valve Degeneration for Surgical and Transcatheter Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves. Circulation 2018; 137:388-399. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioprostheses are prone to structural valve degeneration, resulting in limited long-term durability. A significant challenge when comparing the durability of different types of bioprostheses is the lack of a standardized terminology for the definition of a degenerated valve. This issue becomes especially important when we try to compare the degeneration rate of surgically inserted and transcatheter bioprosthetic valves. This document, by the VIVID (Valve-in-Valve International Data), proposes practical and standardized definitions of valve degeneration and provides recommendations for the timing of clinical and imaging follow-up assessments accordingly. Its goal is to improve the quality of research and clinical care for patients with deteriorated bioprostheses by providing objective and strict criteria that can be utilized in future clinical trials. We hope that the adoption of these criteria by both the cardiological and surgical communities will lead to improved comparability and interpretation of durability analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Dvir
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (D.D., C.M.O., G.B.M., M.R., J.M.M., G.S.A.)
| | | | - Catherine M. Otto
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (D.D., C.M.O., G.B.M., M.R., J.M.M., G.S.A.)
| | - Rebecca T. Hahn
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.A.B., M.B.L.)
| | | | - John G. Webb
- St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.G.W., M.S., J.L.)
| | | | | | - Ted Feldman
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (T.F.)
| | | | - Yan Topilsky
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel (Y.T., Y.A.)
| | | | | | - G. Burkhard Mackensen
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (D.D., C.M.O., G.B.M., M.R., J.M.M., G.S.A.)
| | | | - Ran Kornowski
- Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel (R.K.)
| | - James S. Gammie
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.)
| | - Ajit P. Yoganathan
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.Y.)
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel (Y.T., Y.A.)
| | - Michael A. Borger
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.A.B., M.B.L.)
| | - Matheus Simonato
- St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.G.W., M.S., J.L.)
| | - Mark Reisman
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (D.D., C.M.O., G.B.M., M.R., J.M.M., G.S.A.)
| | - Raj R. Makkar
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.R.M.)
| | | | - James M. McCabe
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (D.D., C.M.O., G.B.M., M.R., J.M.M., G.S.A.)
| | - Gry Dahle
- Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway (G.D.)
| | - Gabriel S. Aldea
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (D.D., C.M.O., G.B.M., M.R., J.M.M., G.S.A.)
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.G.W., M.S., J.L.)
| | | | - Neil E. Moat
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (N.E.M.)
| | | | | | - Martin B. Leon
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.A.B., M.B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Foroutan F, Guyatt GH, O'Brien K, Bain E, Stein M, Bhagra S, Sit D, Kamran R, Chang Y, Devji T, Mir H, Manja V, Schofield T, Siemieniuk RA, Agoritsas T, Bagur R, Otto CM, Vandvik PO. Prognosis after surgical replacement with a bioprosthetic aortic valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: systematic review of observational studies. BMJ 2016; 354:i5065. [PMID: 27683072 PMCID: PMC5040922 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of survival, stroke, atrial fibrillation, structural valve deterioration, and length of hospital stay after surgical replacement of an aortic valve (SAVR) with a bioprosthetic valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, PubMed (non-Medline records only), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL from 2002 to June 2016. STUDY SELECTION Eligible observational studies followed patients after SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve for at least two years. METHODS Reviewers, independently and in duplicate, evaluated study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias for patient important outcomes. We used the GRADE system to quantify absolute effects and quality of evidence. Published survival curves provided data for survival and freedom from structural valve deterioration, and random effect models provided the framework for estimates of pooled incidence rates of stroke, atrial fibrillation, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS In patients undergoing SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve, median survival was 16 years in those aged 65 or less, 12 years in those aged 65 to 75, seven years in those aged 75 to 85, and six years in those aged more than 85. The incidence rate of stroke was 0.25 per 100 patient years (95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.54) and atrial fibrillation 2.90 per 100 patient years (1.78 to 4.79). Post-SAVR, freedom from structural valve deterioration was 94.0% at 10 years, 81.7% at 15 years, and 52% at 20 years, and mean length of hospital stay was 12 days (95% confidence interval 9 to 15). CONCLUSION Patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing SAVR with a bioprosthetic valve can expect only slightly lower survival than those without aortic stenosis, and a low incidence of stroke and, up to 10 years, of structural valve deterioration. The rate of deterioration increases rapidly after 10 years, and particularly after 15 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Foroutan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Kathleen O'Brien
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Bain
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Stein
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sai Bhagra
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daegan Sit
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Rakhshan Kamran
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Yaping Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Tahira Devji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Hassan Mir
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Veena Manja
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA VA WNY Health Care System at Buffalo, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
| | - Toni Schofield
- Heart Failure/Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reed A Siemieniuk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 Division of General Internal Medicine, and Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Bagur
- Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5W9
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Per O Vandvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust-division Gjøvik, Norway Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bello A, Tran K, Chand A, Doria M, Allocca M, Hildinger M, Beniac D, Kranendonk C, Auricchio A, Kobinger GP. Isolation and evaluation of novel adeno-associated virus sequences from porcine tissues. Gene Ther 2009; 16:1320-8. [PMID: 19626054 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High antigenic compatibility and low toxicity is associated with xenograft transplantation of porcine tissues in immunodeficient human recipients. We hypothesized that adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) of porcine origin could be highly compatible to human tissues and thus of good efficiency and low toxicity for in vivo gene transfer. Porcine tissues were screened by PCR for the presence of AAV using primers designed to bind conserved regions and amplify variable regions of an alignment of several AAV sequences available on GenBank. We isolated new AAV capsid sequences from porcine tissues and successfully generated a recombinant AAV2/po1 vector by transfection. The AAV2/po1 vector was not cross-neutralized by antisera generated against all other commonly used AAVs (serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8) indicating a distinct antigenic profile. Preexisting immunity to AAVpo1 could not be detected in the human sera evaluated. In mice, AAV2/po1 particles expressing beta-galactosidase or green fluorescent protein demonstrated high transduction efficiency in muscle fibers and the retina after intramuscular or intraocular administration. Biodistribution experiments following systemic administration showed efficient gene transfer exclusively in muscle fibers. Novel AAVs derived from porcine tissues may contribute to the generation of new preventive or curative clinical modalities acceptable for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bello
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|