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Pan M, Wang Y, Yin H, Pan X, Mu W, Al-Rasheid KAS, Fan X, Pan X. Redescription of a Hymenostome Ciliate, Tetrahymena setosa (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Notes on its Molecular Phylogeny. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:413-423. [PMID: 30099801 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Tetrahymena species have been used as model organisms for research in a wide range of fields, highlighting the need for a fuller understanding of the taxonomy of this group. It is in this context that this paper uses living observation and silver staining methods to investigate the morphology and infraciliature of one Tetrahymena species, T. setosa (Schewiakoff 1892 Verh. Naturh. Med. Ver. Heidelb., 4:544) McCoy (1975) Acta Protozool., 14:253; the senior subjective synonym of T. setifera Holz and Corliss (1956) J. Protozool., 3:112; isolated from a freshwater pond in Harbin, north-eastern China. This organism can be distinguished from other described Tetrahymena species mainly by its single caudal cilium, which is about twice the length of the somatic ciliature. While the Harbin isolate appears similar to the population described by Holz and Corliss (1956) J. Protozool., 3:112, an improved diagnosis for T. setosa is given based on the previous descriptions and the Harbin population. In summary, this species can be recognized mainly by the combination of the following characters: body in vivo approximately 40 μm × 25 μm, 21-26 somatic kineties, one to four contractile vacuole pores associated with meridians 6-11 and a single caudal cilium. The small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA gene and the cox1 gene sequences of Harbin population are also characterized in order to corroborate that the isolated species branches in phylogenetic trees as a T. setosa species. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that sequences of populations of Tetrahymena species should be published with detailed morphological identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Yurui Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haiwei Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xuyue Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinpeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuming Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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Liu M, Fan X, Gao F, Gao S, Yu Y, Warren A, Huang J. Tetrahymena australis
(Protozoa, Ciliophora): A Well-Known But “Non-Existing” Taxon - Consideration of Its Identification, Definition and Systematic Position. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 63:760-770. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Xinpeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Yuhe Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
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SIMON ELLENM, DOERDER FPAUL. The Unique Position of the Degenerating Macronucleus inTetrahymena tropicalis1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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NYBERG DENNIS. Three New “Biological” Species ofTetrahymena (T. hegewischin. sp.,T. sonnebornin. sp.,T. nipissingin. sp.) and Temperature Tolerance of Members of the “pyriformis” Complex1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BEAM CARLA, HIMES MARION. Electrophoretic Characterization of Members of theCrypthecodinium cohnii(Dinophyceae) Species Complex1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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DINI FERNANDO, BRACCHI PAOLO, GIANNÍ ALESSANDRO. Mating Types inAspidiscasp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): a Cluster of Cryptic Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schmidt SL, Bernhard D, Schlegel M, Fried J. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Specific Oligonucleotide rRNA Probes Distinguishes the Sibling Species Stylonychia lemnae and Stylonychia mytilus (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea). Protist 2006; 157:21-30. [PMID: 16427805 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on morphological and morphogenetic characters alone, the sibling species Stylonychia lemnae and Stylonychia mytilus, members of the Stylonychia mytilus complex, can hardly be distinguished. However, biochemical investigations of the isoenzyme pattern of different enzymes showed a distinct differentiation between these two species. In the last few years, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have become a suitable and reliable tool for identification and differentiation of closely related species of protozoa, such as ciliates. To distinguish the sibling species, a set of specific oligonucleotide probes were developed. In the present study, the SSU rDNA of 7 clones of Stylonychia lemnae and 13 clones of Stylonychia mytilus, isolated from different geographic regions, were sequenced. Comparing all SSU rDNA sequences of both species, only one single difference within the whole gene was detected. Based on this difference, a set of two oligonucleotide probes, targeting the SSU rRNA of each species (Stylonychia mytilus and Stylonychia lemnae) was designed. These probes were successfully tested by applying the FISH techniques on preserved cells of different clones of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schmidt
- Institute of Biology II, Department of Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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A Paradigm for the study of insect-ciliate Relationships:
Tetrahymena sialidos
sp. nov. (Hymenostomatida: Tetrahymenidae), Parasite of Larval
Sialis Lutaria
(Linn.) (Megaloptera: Sialidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1985.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new species of hymenostome ciliate,
Tetrahymena sialidos
sp.nov., is described and proposed as a model for studies upon insect-ciliate interactions. This ciliate occurs as a parasite in the haemocoel of larval
Sialis lutaria
(Megaloptera) and exhibits field and laboratory characteristics favourable for two particular areas of study, the regulation of invertebrate populations by parasites and insect immunity to parasitic infections. The prevalence of T.
sialidos
infection in S.
lutaria
from a small lake in mid-Wales has been monitored during a four-year period. Each summer, early in the first of their two-year aquatic development, 40-70% of S.
lutaria
larvae become infected. Death of infected larvae due to parasite proliferation is inevitable but does not occur until 11-12 months after infection, when the mean intensity has reached 55000 ciliates per infected host. Ciliates escaping from moribund or dead host larvae undergo a distinct morphological transformation followed by a period of synchronous conjugation. Death of infected host larvae and release of ciliates coincides with the appearance of a new generation of host larvae in which the prevalence of infection rises rapidly. The possible significance of this substantial and persistent regulatory influence upon host population dynamics is discussed in relation to current ideas of parasite regulation of invertebrate populations.
Sialis lutaria
is not able normally to mount a successful host response against
T. sialidos
infections. A laboratory thermalshock technique is described by means of which parasitic ciliates may be killed
in situ
without incurring physical damage to the host. Infected larvae subjected to thermalshock at 39 °C for 1 h subsequently encapsulate and melanize the dead ciliates. The use of this technique is discussed in relation to recognition of non-self in insects and survival strategies of parasites infecting insects.
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Bowers N, Pratt J. Estimation of Genetic Variation among Soil Isolates of Colpoda inflata (Stokes) (Protozoa: Ciliophora) Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9365(11)80299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Allen SL, Orias E. Introduction: a tribute to David L Nanney, an experimental ciliatologist. DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS 1992; 13:1-8. [PMID: 1395136 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.1020130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Brunk CF, Kahn RW, Sadler LA. Phylogenetic relationships among Tetrahymena species determined using the polymerase chain reaction. J Mol Evol 1990; 30:290-7. [PMID: 2129541 DOI: 10.1007/bf02099999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The species of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex present a conundrum with regard to their highly conservative morphology and widely divergent molecular characteristics. We have investigated the phylogenetic relationships among these species using the nucleotide sequences from the histone H3II/H4II region of the genome. This region includes portions of the two histone coding sequences, as well as the intergenic region. The DNA sequences of these regions were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the sequence of each was determined. Nucleotide substitutions and insertions/deletions within this set of sequences were compared to determine the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the complex. These data yield phylogenetic trees with identical topologies when different tree-building routines are used, indicating that the data are very robust. Glaucoma chattoni was used as an outgroup to root the trees for this analysis. The genome organization of G. chattoni and the divergence of its histone H3II/H4II region sequence relative to those of the complex clearly indicate that this species has diverged considerably from the complex. These results show that PCR amplification analysis is feasible over considerable evolutionary distances. However, DNA-DNA hybridization may be more useful than sequence analysis in resolving the relationships among the closely related species in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Brunk
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1606
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Nilsson JR. Tetrahymena in Cytotoxicology: with special reference to effects of heavy metals and selected drugs. Eur J Protistol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(89)80074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Preparata RM, Meyer EB, Preparata FP, Simon EM, Vossbrinck CR, Nanney DL. Ciliate evolution: the ribosomal phylogenies of the tetrahymenine ciliates. J Mol Evol 1989; 28:427-41. [PMID: 2501504 DOI: 10.1007/bf02603078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have assembled and analyzed nucleotide sequences for several different rRNA components from tetrahymenine ciliates. These include previously published and some new 5S and 5.8S rRNAs for a total of 18 species. We also report sequences for some 30 species obtained by primer extension analysis of a region near the 5' end of the 23S rRNAs (region 580). Phylogenetic trees have been constructed for these species, utilizing heuristics (shifting ditypic site analysis) described in a companion paper. The trees based on these sequences are consistent with each other and with those based on longer sequences of the 17S rRNA. They show the tetrahymenines to consist of a number of distinctive clusters of species. The clusters (ribosets) are homogeneous with respect to certain life history characteristics, especially the mode of mating type determination, but are inhomogeneous with respect to some morphological and life history features, such as cyst formation and adaptations to parasitism or carnivory. Using the same molecular data, we also begin to explore the relationships of the tetrahymenines to some other ciliate taxa and to some other protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Preparata
- Department of Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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Conover RK, Brunk CF. Characterization of the macronuclear DNA of different species of Tetrahymena. J Mol Evol 1986; 24:143-51. [PMID: 3031319 DOI: 10.1007/bf02099962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The macronuclear DNAs from 20 different species of Tetrahymena were characterized using Alternating Orthogonal Field (AOF) gel electrophoresis. Each species has approximately 300 different macronuclear DNA molecules that range in size from about 100-2000 kb pairs. Although the individual macronuclear DNA molecules are not well resolved on an AOF gel, most species have a unique profile of macronuclear DNA. The sequences that hybridize with histone H4 (Tetrahymena) and ubiquitin (yeast) genes were identified on the separated macronuclear DNA molecules of the different species. All species have 2 histone H4 genes located on macronuclear DNA molecules of different sizes. This is consistent with the duplication of the histone H4 gene prior to the speciation events leading to the various species of Tetrahymena. The number and sizes of the macronuclear DNA molecules that hybridize with the ubiquitin probe vary from species to species. A grouping of the different species of Tetrahymena based on this hybridization pattern parallels groupings of the species based on ribosomal RNA sequences and isoenzymes. Some intraspecific variation among different strains of Tetrahymena thermophila was detected using ubiquitin and 5S ribosomal RNA as probes.
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Simon EM, Meyer EB, Preparata RM. New wild Tetrahymena from Southeast Asia, China, and North America, including T. malaccensis, T. asiatica, T. nanneyi, T. caudata, and T. silvana n. spp. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1985; 32:183-9. [PMID: 3989748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1985.tb03036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahymena of the T. pyriformis complex collected from varied habitats in Malaysia, Thailand, and The People's Republic of China include strains of the micronucleate species T. americanis and T. canadensis and the amicronucleate T. pyriformis and T. elliotti. Two new breeding species are described-T. malaccensis from Malaysia and T. asiatica from China and Thailand. Two wild selfers from China and some of the amicronucleate strains from all three countries fall into isozymic groups similar to named micronucleate and amicronucleate species. The T. patula complex is represented by two groups of clones from Malaysia that fit the morphological description of T. vorax. They, however, have radically different isozymic electrophoretic patterns and both groups differ from those of previously described T. vorax. As their molecules indicate relationships to other "T. vorax" strains as distant as that between T. vorax and T. leucophrys, they are considered to be new species, T. caudata and T. silvana. A third new breeding species, T. nanneyi, was identified among strains previously collected in North America. Viable immature progeny were obtained from the new strains of the five breeding species. Maximum temperature tolerances were determined for the new strains of four of the breeding species.
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